Infraestructuras y desarrollo económico en el Pirineo Central (1850-2000)

This paper is aimed at describing the impact of infrastructure on the economic evolution of Central Pyrenees (i.e., Huesca and the Catalan"Alt Pirineu"). The text analyses if investment in railways, roads and dams favoured economic development or, on the contrary, was just an instrument to extract domestic resources. The paper distinguishes among three different periods. Firstly, during the second half of the nineteenth century and the first few years of the twentieth century, the lack of railway connections prevented the economic development of the area. Secondly, between the first decades of the twentieth century and 1975, a road network was set up that reinforced the economic decadence of the most depressed valleys, and the construction of large dams was a powerful factor of depopulation all over the region. Finally, from 1975 onwards, some trends may be observed towards the correction of the previous policies.

Networks of people in specialty production: family firms in the iron and steel Wire industries in Spain (1870-2000)

Capital intensive industries in specialized niches of production have constituted solid ground for family firms in Spain , as evidenced by the experience of the iron and steel wire industries between 1870 and 2000. The embeddedness of these firms in their local and regional environments have allowed the creation of networks that, together with favourable institutional conditions, significantly explain the dominance of family entrepreneurship in iron and steel wire manufacturing in Spain, until the end of the 20 th century. Dominance of family firms at the regional level has not been not an obstacle for innovation in wire manufacturing in Spain, which has taken place even when institutional conditions blocked innovation and traditional networking. Therefore, economic theories about the difficulties dynastic family firms may have to perform appropriately in science-based industries must be questioned

Correção do fluxo escolar: um balanço do programa acelera Brasil (1997-2000)

A correção do fluxo escolar consiste no desafio inicial a ser superado para que o Brasil possa oferecer educação de qualidade para todos. Dos 35,7 milhões de alunos matriculados no ensino fundamental, no início do ano 2000, quase 20 milhões estavam com dois ou mais anos de atraso escolar, e, dentre esses, 9 milhões já tinham mais de 15 anos de idade. Este artigo apresenta, descreve e analisa resultados do Programa Acelera Brasil, desenvolvido em 24 municípios durante os anos 1997 a 2000. O programa envolveu quase 60 mil alunos em mais de 2.400 classes e teve como objetivo regularizar o fluxo escolar através da implementação de programas de alfabetização, programas de aceleração de aprendizagem e outras estratégias que visam assegurar os avanços obtidos. Embora as metas iniciais do programa de aprovar os alunos para a 5ª série e regularizar o fluxo escolar num prazo de quatro anos não tenham sido plenamente atingidas, os resultados obtidos sugerem uma taxa de sucesso que varia entre 70% e 90%, nos diferentes municípios. Do ponto de vista econômico, foram economizados mais de 50 milhões de reais, o que significa uma taxa de retorno superior a 300% do investimento. Os resultados obtidos permitiram a implementação maciça do programa em outros estados e municípios do país, com resultados semelhantes. O artigo conclui com uma discussão a respeito das contribuições desse programa para a formulação de políticas públicas consistentes para a correção do fluxo escolar.

Prevalence of Neural Tube Defects (NTD) in Younger Mothers in Europe 2000-2008: Analysis of the EUROCAT Database - Report to Bayer Schiering Pharma

M.C. Addor is included in the Eurocat Working Group

Iowa Civil Rights Commission History of Policy, 2000-2007

A Chronological Listing of Important Statements of Support by ICRC 2000-2007

Pregnancy Factsheet, 2000

The following state and federal laws cover discrimination involving pregnancy: • Chapter 216 of the Iowa Code • Title VII • The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) of 1993

Iowa Community Colleges Student Enrollment Report, December 2000

The Iowa community colleges transmit the Fall 2000 enrollments to the Department of Education after the 14th day of the fall term start date. All data in this report, except where noted, are taken from the Management Information System (MIS) electronic data files and are confirmed by the community college transmittal sheet. The Fall 2000 unduplicated credit headcount enrollment of 65,473 demonstrates an increase of 3 percent over Fall 1999 enrollment of 63,809.

Iowa Community Colleges Student Enrollment Report, December 2000

Fall enrollment grew 1.2 percent to a record high of 88,104 unduplicated students in fiscal year 2009 (Table 1). College enrollment has grown for 11 consecutive years since enrollment slipped in fiscal year 1997. In the 44‐year history of the modern community college system, enrollment has only fallen four times (Figure 1). Enrollment growth was slightly slower than prior years. In 2006, enrollment grew over three percent, while enrollment grew 2.5 percent last year. Nevertheless, enrollment growth is outpacing the projected nationwide growth in community colleges (Hussar and Bailey, 2008: Table 16). For the second consecutive year, part‐time enrollment exceeded full‐time enrollment. Slightly over half, 50.9 percent, of students are enrolled in less than 12 credit hours. Last year, part‐time enrollment exceeded full‐time enrollment for the first time. The shift represents growing enrollment by working students and joint enrollment— high school students who enroll in community colleges.. Nationally, part‐time enrollment at public two‐year colleges has exceeded full‐time enrollment for more than 15 years. In 2006, part‐time students exceeded full‐time students by 60 percent (Hussar and Bailey, 2008: Table 16). Iowa’s enrollment growth has traditionally been consistent. Enrollment decreased four times—1976, 1983, 1984, and 1997—during the entire 44‐year history. Fulltime enrollment decreased nine times over the same period while part time enrollment only fell twice. The remainder of this report will break down credit enrollment by credit hours, student demographics, the programs in which students are enrolled, how the programs break down demographically, and joint enrollment.