Coding for Two-User Gaussian MAC with PSK and PAM Signal Sets

Constellation Constrained (CC) capacity regions of a two-user Gaussian Multiple Access Channel(GMAC) have been recently reported. For such a channel, code pairs based on trellis coded modulation are proposed in this paper with MPSK and M-PAM alphabet pairs, for arbitrary values of M,toachieve sum rates close to the CC sum capacity of the GMAC. In particular, the structure of the sum alphabets of M-PSK and M-PAMmalphabet pairs are exploited to prove that, for certain angles of rotation between the alphabets, Ungerboeck labelling on the trellis of each user maximizes the guaranteed squared Euclidean distance of the sum trellis. Hence, such a labelling scheme can be used systematically,to construct trellis code pairs to achieve sum rates close to the CC sum capacity. More importantly, it is shown for the first time that ML decoding complexity at the destination is significantly reduced when M-PAM alphabet pairs are employed with almost no loss in the sum capacity.

Precoder Designs for MIMO Broadcast Channels with Imperfect CSI

[1] D. Tse and P. Viswanath, Fundamentals of Wireless Communication.Cambridge University Press, 2006. [2] H. Bolcskei, D. Gesbert, C. B. Papadias, and A.-J. van der Veen, Spacetime Wireless Systems: From Array Processing to MIMO Communications.Cambridge University Press, 2006. [3] Q. H. Spencer, C. B. Peel, A. L. Swindlehurst, and M. Haardt, “An introduction to the multiuser MIMO downlink,” IEEE Commun. Mag.,vol. 42, pp. 60–67, Oct. 2004. [4] K. Kusume, M. Joham,W. Utschick, and G. Bauch, “Efficient tomlinsonharashima precoding for spatial multiplexing on flat MIMO channel,”in Proc. IEEE ICC’2005, May 2005, pp. 2021–2025. [5] R. Fischer, C. Windpassinger, A. Lampe, and J. Huber, “MIMO precoding for decentralized receivers,” in Proc. IEEE ISIT’2002, 2002, p.496. [6] M. Schubert and H. Boche, “Iterative multiuser uplink and downlink beamforming under SINR constraints,” IEEE Trans. Signal Process.,vol. 53, pp. 2324–2334, Jul. 2005. [7] ——, “Solution of multiuser downlink beamforming problem with individual SINR constraints,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 53, pp.18–28, Jan. 2004. [8] A. Wiesel, Y. C. Eldar, and Shamai, “Linear precoder via conic optimization for fixed MIMO receivers,” IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 52,pp. 161–176, Jan. 2006. [9] N. Jindal, “MIMO broadcast channels with finite rate feed-back,” in Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM’2005, Nov. 2005. [10] R. Hunger, F. Dietrich, M. Joham, and W. Utschick, “Robust transmit zero-forcing filters,” in Proc. ITG Workshop on Smart Antennas, Munich,Mar. 2004, pp. 130–137. [11] M. B. Shenouda and T. N. Davidson, “Linear matrix inequality formulations of robust QoS precoding for broadcast channels,” in Proc.CCECE’2007, Apr. 2007, pp. 324–328. [12] M. Payaro, A. Pascual-Iserte, and M. A. Lagunas, “Robust power allocation designs for multiuser and multiantenna downlink communication systems through convex optimization,” IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun.,vol. 25, pp. 1392–1401, Sep. 2007. [13] M. Biguesh, S. Shahbazpanahi, and A. B. Gershman, “Robust downlink power control in wireless cellular systems,” EURASIP Jl. Wireless Commun. Networking, vol. 2, pp. 261–272, 2004. [14] B. Bandemer, M. Haardt, and S. Visuri, “Liner MMSE multi-user MIMO downlink precoding for users with multple antennas,” in Proc.PIMRC’06, Sep. 2006, pp. 1–5. [15] J. Zhang, Y. Wu, S. Zhou, and J. Wang, “Joint linear transmitter and receiver design for the downlink of multiuser MIMO systems,” IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 9, pp. 991–993, Nov. 2005. [16] S. Shi, M. Schubert, and H. Boche, “Downlink MMSE transceiver optimization for multiuser MIMO systems: Duality and sum-mse minimization,”IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 55, pp. 5436–5446, Nov.2007. [17] A. Mezghani, M. Joham, R. Hunger, and W. Utschick, “Transceiver design for multi-user MIMO systems,” in Proc. WSA 2006, Mar. 2006. [18] R. Doostnejad, T. J. Lim, and E. Sousa, “Joint precoding and beamforming design for the downlink in a multiuser MIMO system,” in Proc.WiMob’2005, Aug. 2005, pp. 153–159. [19] N. Vucic, H. Boche, and S. Shi, “Robust transceiver optimization in downlink multiuser MIMO systems with channel uncertainty,” in Proc.IEEE ICC’2008, Beijing, China, May 2008. [20] A. Ben-Tal and A. Nemirovsky, “Selected topics in robust optimization,”Math. Program., vol. 112, pp. 125–158, Feb. 2007. [21] D. Bertsimas and M. Sim, “Tractable approximations to robust conic optimization problems,” Math. Program., vol. 107, pp. 5–36, Jun. 2006. [22] P. Ubaidulla and A. Chockalingam, “Robust Transceiver Design for Multiuser MIMO Downlink,” in Proc. IEEE Globecom’2008, New Orleans, USA, Dec. 2008, to appear. [23] S. Boyd and L. Vandenberghe, Convex Optimization. Cambridge University Press, 2004. [24] G. H. Golub and C. F. V. Loan, Matrix Computations. The John Hopkins University Press, 1996.

Portable HVAC and Pulsed Plasma Sources for Control of NOX in Diesel Engine Exhaust

In this paper studies were carried out on two compact electric discharge plasma sources for controlling nitrogen oxides (NOX) emission in diesel engine exhaust. The plasma sources consist of an old television flyback transformer to generate high frequency high voltage ac (HVAC) and an automobile ignition coil to generate the high voltage pulses (HV Pulse). The compact plasma sources are aimed at retrofitting the existing catalytic converters with electric discharge assisted cleaning technique. To enhance NOX removal efficiency cascaded plasma-adsorbent technique has been used. Studies were reported at different flow rates and load conditions of the diesel engine.

Effect of Post-Deposition Annealing on the Al2O3/Si(100) Interface Properties

In the present investigation, Al2O3 thin films were deposited onto Si < 100 > substrates by DC reactive magnetron sputtering. The films were annealed in vacuum for one hour at 623, 823 and 1023 K. The composition of the films was quantitatively estimated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and the O/Al ratio was found be in the range 1.19 to 1.43. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) results revealed that the annealed films are amorphous in nature. Cross sectional transmission electron microscopy (X-TEM) analysis was carried out to study the microstructure and nature of the Al2O3-Si interface as a function of post-deposition annealing. TEM results revealed the presence of nanocrystalline gamma-Al2O3 in the annealed films and an amorphous interface layer was observed at the Al2O3 Si interface. The thickness of the amorphous interface layer was determined from the TEM analysis and the results are discussed.

Robust Whisper Activity Detection Using Long-Term Log Energy Variation of Sub-Band Signal

The goal in the whisper activity detection (WAD) is to find the whispered speech segments in a given noisy recording of whispered speech. Since whispering lacks the periodic glottal excitation, it resembles an unvoiced speech. This noise-like nature of the whispered speech makes WAD a more challenging task compared to a typical voice activity detection (VAD) problem. In this paper, we propose a feature based on the long term variation of the logarithm of the short-time sub-band signal energy for WAD. We also propose an automatic sub-band selection algorithm to maximally discriminate noisy whisper from noise. Experiments with eight noise types in four different signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions show that, for most of the noises, the performance of the proposed WAD scheme is significantly better than that of the existing VAD schemes and whisper detection schemes when used for WAD.

Draft genome of a commonly misdiagnosed multidrug resistant pathogen Candida auris

Background: Candida auris is a multidrug resistant, emerging agent of fungemia in humans. Its actual global distribution remains obscure as the current commercial methods of clinical diagnosis misidentify it as C. haemulonii. Here we report the first draft genome of C. auris to explore the genomic basis of virulence and unique differences that could be employed for differential diagnosis. Results: More than 99.5 % of the C. auris genomic reads did not align to the current whole (or draft) genome sequences of Candida albicans, Candida lusitaniae, Candida glabrata and Saccharomyces cerevisiae; thereby indicating its divergence from the active Candida clade. The genome spans around 12.49 Mb with 8527 predicted genes. Functional annotation revealed that among the sequenced Candida species, it is closest to the hemiascomycete species Clavispora lusitaniae. Comparison with the well-studied species Candida albicans showed that it shares significant virulence attributes with other pathogenic Candida species such as oligopeptide transporters, mannosyl transfersases, secreted proteases and genes involved in biofilm formation. We also identified a plethora of transporters belonging to the ABC and major facilitator superfamily along with known MDR transcription factors which explained its high tolerance to antifungal drugs. Conclusions: Our study emphasizes an urgent need for accurate fungal screening methods such as PCR and electrophoretic karyotyping to ensure proper management of fungemia. Our work highlights the potential genetic mechanisms involved in virulence and pathogenicity of an important emerging human pathogen namely C. auris. Owing to its diversity at the genomic scale; we expect the genome sequence to be a useful resource to map species specific differences that will help develop accurate diagnostic markers and better drug targets.

Step Structure in Cold-Rolled Deformed Nanocrystalline Nickel

The microstructure characteristic of the cold-rolled deformed nanocrystalline nickel metal is studied by transmission electron microscopy. The results show that there are step structures nearby the grain boundary (GB), and the contrast of stress field in front of the step corresponds to the step in the shape. It is indicated that the interaction between twins and dislocations is not a necessary condition to realizing the deformation. In the later stage of the deformation when the grain size becomes about 100nm, the deformation can depend upon the moving of the boundary of the stack faults (SFs) which result from the partial dislocations emitted from GBs. However, when the size of SFs grows up, the local internal stress which is in front of the step gradually becomes higher. When this stress reaches a critical value which stops the gliding of the partial dislocations, the SFs will stop to grow up and leave a step structure behind.

关于我国生物力学发展的几点意见

如果说生物力学的崛起(60年代中期到80年代初)是它的第一次高潮, 那么, 跨世纪之际, 生物力学和生物医学工程正处于第二高潮之中. 其特点是: 由宏观向微观深入, 宏观和微观相结合,宏观与微观并进; 生物力学方法和生物化学方法相结合;生物力学更深入于医学(临床和基础两个方面),深入于生物医学工程的多个领域(如生物医学材料),尤其是一些新生的前沿领域(如组织工程、生物功能材料、 生物芯片、新型生物传感器等);并扩及生物化学工程领域之中.

Evaluación de diferentes efluentes de cerdo como bioabono sobre el crecimiento y el rendimiento del cultivo del sorgo (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) y las propiedades quimicas del suelo

El presente estudio se desarrolló en los terrenos de una finca ubicada en el municipio de Tisma, departamento de Masaya, durante la época de postrera, en el período comprendido de Agosto a Noviembre del año 2000, con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de diferentes efluentes de cerdo sobre el crecimiento y rendimiento del cultivo del sorgo (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) y las propiedades químicas del suelo. El diseño empleado fue de bloques completos al azar (BCA), con cuatro réplicas y seis tratamientos. Los tratamientos fueron: sin fertilización, fertilización inorgánica; 45.4 Kg/ha (12-30-10) a los 15 días después de la siembra más urea (46 %) 202 Kg /ha, fraccionada, dos dosis de efluentes de cerdos alimentados con desperdicios de cocina (4,100.4 1/ha y 6,150.4 /ha) y dos dosis de efluentes de cerdos alimentados con concentrado (6,049.4 /ha y 9,074.0 1/ha). A los datos de las variables evaluadas se les aplicó un análisis de varianza (ANDEVA) y separación de medias por Tukey al 95 y 99 % de confianza. La mayoría de las variables evaluadas no presentaron diferencias estadísticas significativas entre los tratamientos, entre ellas se mencionan: altura de plantas, diámetro del tallo, población, número de panojas cosechadas, excepción de panoja y peso de mil granos. Las variables altura de inserción de panoja, longitud de panoja, número de granos por panoja, rendimiento de grano, peso seco de paja, sí presentaron diferencias estadísticas significativas entre los tratamientos en estudio. El sorgo híbrido cultivado en un suelo perturbado responde mejor a la fertilización inorgánica. Tanto la fertilización orgánica como inorgánica disminuyeron el pH del suelo. Los biofertilizantes favorecieron el contenido de materia orgánica y de nitrógeno en el suelo. El contenido de fósforo aumentó levemente, mientras que el de potasio disminuyó levemente. No se determinó toxicidad por el contenido de cobre y zinc presente en el suelo.

Evaluación de opciones de manejo de la antracnosis (Colletotrichum spp. Noack) en el cultivo del café (Coffea arabica L.) en la zona de Boaco, Nicaragua 2001-2002

Con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de diferentes opciones de manejo de antracnosis del café, causada hongo Colletotrichum sp, se realizó el presente trabajo en la finca La Virgen (900-1200 msnm), ubicada en el departamento de Boaco. El estudio se realizó entre septiembre 2001 y mayo 2002. El área experimental fue un lote de 1.7 mz de café variedad catuaí, en etapa de producción. Los tratamientos evaluados fueron: Silvacur más bayfolán,carbendazín, caldo bordelés, caldo sulfocálcico, caldo sulfocálcico más nitrato de potasio y biofertilizante. Los muestreos se realizaron mensualmente en la época seca y quincenalmente en la época lluviosa. Las variables evaluadas fueron incidencia de antracnosis en hoja y número de hojas. Los resultados obtenidos indican que en general la incidencia de la enfermedad fue alta, alcanzando niveles de hasta 18% de incidencia, excepto en el mes de diciembre donde la enfermedad se bajó completamente en todos los tratamientos. En las parcelas tratadas con los tratamientos Caldo sulfocálcico, Biofertilizante y Caldo sulfocálcico más nitrato de potasio, la enfermedad tuvo un comportamiento similar; al inicio del estudio correspondiente a la época lluviosa (septiembre-noviembre) estos tratamientos presentaron la mayor incidencia de la enfermedad pero al final del estudio presentaron la menor incidencia. El tratamiento Silvacur más bayfolán fue el que presentó la menor incidencia de antracnosis en todo el ciclo, siendo por tanto el tratamiento más efectivo, debido a que en éste ocurrió menos defoliación que en los demás. Al final del estudio correspondiente a la época seca (febrero-abril) la mayor incidencia se presentó en los tratamientos Caldo Bordelés y Carbendazín, en los cuales se observó mas defoliación que en los demás tratamientos. Con relación a la retensión foliar el tratamiento de caldo sulfocálcico más nitrato de potasio fue el que mantuvo el mayor número de hojas, seguido por el silvacur más bayfolán; en cambio los tratamientos carbendazín y caldo bordelés fueron los que presentaron en todo el estudio el menor número de hojas por bandola, es decir que hubo mayor defoliación. A partir de estos resultados se puede concluir que los mejores tratamientos para ser usados por los productores son el silvacur más bayfolán, así como el caldo sulfocálcico más nitrato de potasio, en dependencia de la disponibilidad de recursos.

Informe sobre los fallecimientos en prisión del sacerdote vasco Juan Izurrategui, y del Ex-Presidente de las Cortes españolas Julián Besteiro.

Fecha: 1-1966 (>1970 copia) / Unidad de instalación: Carpeta 45 - Expediente 2-20 / Nº de pág.: 3 (mecanografiadas)

Diário da Constituinte [gravação de vídeo] : [programa n. 045]

Discussão sobre qual sistema de governo é o melhor para o país, se presidencialismo ou parlamentarismo. História do presidencialismo e parlamentarismo no Brasil. Na República, o único período do parlamentarismo foi no governo João Goulart. Airton Cordeiro analisa o período do parlamentarismo de João Goulart. Pesquisa mostra que dos 383 constituintes, 214 preferem o sistema parlamentarista e 145 preferem o presidencialismo. A Subcomissão do Poder Executivo da Assembleia Nacional Constituinte (ANC) opta por um sistema mais parlamentarista com maior participação do Poder Legislativo. José Fogaça (PMDB-RS), relator da Subcomissão, afirma que a proposta é de um sistema misto (neo-parlamentarismo) com mecanismos de controle do presidente e do primeiro-ministro. Vivaldo Barbosa (PDT-RJ) defende o presidencialismo e Saulo Queiroz (PSDB-MS) apoia o meio termo entre as duas. Tramitação do relatório da Subcomissão até chegar a Carta final. Populares opinam sobre qual sistema preferem.

室温铁磁性半导体Mn_xGa_(1-x)Sb

采用离子注入、离子沉积及后期退火方法制备了稀磁半导体单晶Mn_xGa_(1-x)Sb，在室温下（300 K）获得了单晶的磁滞回线。用X射线衍射方法分析了铁磁性半导体单晶Mn_xGa_(1-x)Sb的结构，用电化学C-V法分析了单晶的载流子浓度分布。由X射线衍射得知，Mn_xGa_(1-x)Sb中Mn含量逐渐由近表面处的x = 0.09下降到晶片内部的x = 0。电化学C-V测得单晶的空穴浓度高达1 * 10~(21)cm~(-3)，表明Mn_xGa_(1-x)Sb单晶中大部分Mn原子占据Ga位，起受主作用。