Méthodes des mesures des biovolumes, poids secs, poids secs sans cendres et des éléments C, N, P du mésozooplancton utilisées au C.R.O. d'Abidjan

Methods for the estimation of zooplankton biomasses, used in the Oceanographic Research Center of Abidjan are presented. They deal with settled and displacement volumes, dry weight and ash-free dry weight, elementary carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus composition. The dry weight method is detailed: elimination of salt by a fresh water stream, preservation of dry samples at -20 degrees Celsius, rehydration during weighing. A few comments on the 'CHN' analysed values are made: at 1,100 degrees Celsius, most of the carbon is organic, only 10% of the mineral fraction being analysed.

Dix ans de mesures de biomasses de zooplancton a la station cotière d'Abidjan: 1969-1979

Graphs of variations of zooplankton biomasses expressed as ash-free dry weight (i.e. organic matter) are presented for the 1969-1979 period. The graph of the average year shows: an enrichment season from mid-July till mid-November in which the biomass is 2.3 times higher than the rest of the year and characterized by a slight decrease of the biomass in late August or early September. The warm season is divided into a period of moderate biomass from November till February, a period of moderate biomass from November till February and a period of steady decline of the biomass till the start of the upwelling at the end of June.

热带亚热带农作物和森林植物光合作用生态生理研究

该成果研究热带亚热带主要植物的光合作用途径和水分关系、光合作用对环境因子变化的响应及具有400多年历史的南亚热带自然林群落植物的主要生态生理特征。首次在国内应用稳定性碳同位素比技术对热带和亚热带植物以及广东鼎湖山片段保护区森林165种植物进行了光合途径的研究和鉴定，新发现36种C4植物和1种CMA植物，提出稳定碳同位素比值与植物生长习性、林地与冠层不同条件有关，可作为叶片受光状况的指标。具有多层次结构的森林中叶片形态结构、光合能力、氮和矿质元素含量、叶片水势和气孔运动的昼夜和季节变化等皆与群落微气候、植物生活型及其在冠层中的位置不同而异。受人类活动干扰的林地中，植物的这些生态生理特性发生了改变。在国内率先建立现代生理生态学整套方法，研究热带和亚热带植物个体和群体、群落结构和功能、植物光合作用与水分关系以及外界环境与植物适应性等关系。这些系统研究居国际先进水平。

Conflictos, treguas y amnistías en el mundo antiguo

Introducción a las contribuciones presentadas al curso "Conflictos, treguas y amnistías en el mundo antiguo", desarrollado en agosto de 1999 en el marco de los XVIII Cursos de Verano de la UPV/EHU en Donostia.

Anadromous fish as marine nutrient vectors

The tidal freshwater of Virginia supports anadromous herring (Alosa spp.) spawning runs in the spring; however, their importance as nutrient delivery vectors to the freshwater fish food web remains unknown. The stable isotope signatures of fishes from 21 species and four different guilds (predators, carnivores, generalists, and planktivores) were examined in this study to test the hypothesis that marine derived nutrients (MDNs) brought by anadromous fish would be traced into the guilds that incorporated them. Spawning anadromous fish were 13C and 34S-enriched (δ13C and δ34S of approximately 18‰ and 17.7‰, respectively) relative to resident freshwater fish. Of the guilds examined, only predators showed 13C and 34S-enrichment similar to the anadromous fish; however, some generalist catfish also showed enriched signatures. Specific fatty acid δ13C signatures for gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum), blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus), and alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), show a 10‰ range among fishes, clearly reflecting isotopically distinct dietary sources. The δ13C and δ34S distribution and range among the freshwater fishes suggest that both autochthonous and allochthonous (terrestrial C3 photosynthetic production and MDN) nutrient sources are important to the tidal freshwater fish community.

Ecotypic variation and predatory behavior among killer whales (Orcinus orca) off the eastern Aleutian Islands, Alaska

From 2001 to 2004 in the eastern Aleutian Islands, Alaska, killer whales (Orcinus orca) were encountered 250 times during 421 days of surveys that covered a total of 22,491 miles. Three killer whale groups (resident, transient, and offshore) were identified acoustically and genetically. Resident killer whales were found 12 times more frequently than transient killer whales, and offshore killer whales were encountered only once. A minimum of 901 photographically identified resident whales used the region during our study. A total of 165 mammal-eating transient killer whales were identified, and the majority (70%) were encountered during spring (May and June). The diet of transient killer whales in spring was primarily gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus), and in summer primarily northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus). Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) did not appear to be a preferred prey or major prey item during spring and summer. The majority of killer whales in the eastern Aleutian Islands are the resident ecotype, which does not consume marine mammals.

O PROINFANTIL no município do Rio de Janeiro: concepções de criança nos Projetos de Estudos

A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo investigar os significados e os sentidos de criança construídos no trabalho final do programa PROINFANTIL - os Projetos de Estudos. O PROINFANTIL é um Projeto do Ministério da Educação em parceria com a Secretaria de Educação Básica e a Secretaria de Educação a Distância. No Rio de Janeiro, foi operacionalizado pela Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro e a Secretaria de Educação do Município (biênio 2010-2011). Este programa objetiva capacitar e qualificar os Agentes Auxiliares de Creche sem habilitação em magistério, atuantes nas creches da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Esta pesquisa analisou a concepção de criança presente em 60 Projetos de Estudos dos 165 Agentes Auxiliares de Creche da AGF 13 concluintes do curso. A escolha se deu a partir do maior número possível de Projetos que tivessem diferentes agrupamentos pesquisados (berçário I, berçário II, Maternal I e Maternal II). Foram escolhidos 60 projetos com 15 exemplares de cada agrupamento. Na primeira parte, o estudo apresenta a implantação do PROINFANTIL como uma política pública e sua contribuição para a prática. Delinea os estágios que percorreu, no Rio de Janeiro, até chegar ao alvo principal o cursista. Apoiada na abordagem do Ciclo de Políticas formulada por Stephen Ball e colaboradores, a pesquisa buscou investigar os embates e lutas presentes nos contextos de influência, produção de textos e prática. Na segunda parte, ao privilegiar Lev Vygotsky como interlocutor teórico para o delineamento metodológico desta pesquisa, foi necessário olhar o conhecimento como possibilidades, a partir das categorias sentido e significado e optar por uma metodologia na qual a própria pesquisa fosse um momento de arriscar novos olhares e novas vivências. A análise se deu nas concepções de criança encontradas nos Projetos de Estudos como narrativas escritas. Os dados foram analisados a partir da construção de seis Núcleos de Significação de Criança: formatada, em desenvolvimento; que brinca, cidadã de direitos, singular, ser social e histórico.

Overview of the U.S. East Coast Bottom Longline Shark Fishery, 1994–2003

The U.S. Atlantic coast and Gulf of Mexico commercial shark fisheries have greatly expanded over the last 30 years, yet fishery managers still lack much of the key information required to accurately assess many shark stocks. Fishery observer programs are one tool that can be utilized to acquire this information. The Commercial Shark Fishery Observer Program monitors the U.S. Atlantic coast and Gulf of Mexico commercial bottom longline (BLL) large coastal shark fishery. Data gathered by observers were summarized for the 10-year period, 1994 to 2003. A total of 1,165 BLL sets were observed aboard 96 vessels, with observers spending a total of 1,509 days at sea. Observers recorded data regarding the fishing gear and methods used, species composition, disposition of the catch, mortality rates, catch per unit of effort (sharks per 10,000 hook hours), and bycatch of this fishery. Fishing practices, species composition, and bycatch varied between regions, while catch rates, mortality rates, and catch disposition varied greatly between species.