Submarine landslides : selected studies in the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone

Submarine Landslides: An Introduction 1 By RIo Lee, W.C. Schwab, and J.S. Booth U.S. Atlantic Continental Slope Landslides: Their Distribution, General Anributes, and Implications 14 By J.S. Booth, D.W. O'Leary, Peter Popenoe, and W.W. Danforth Submarine Mass Movement, a Formative Process of Passive Continental Margins: The Munson-Nygren Landslide Complex and the Southeast New England Landslide Complex 23 By D.W. O'Leary The Cape Fear Landslide: Slope Failure Associated with Salt Diapirism and Gas Hydrate Decomposition 40 By Peter Popenoe, E.A. Schmuck, and W.P. Dillon Ancient Crustal Fractures Control the Location and Size of Collapsed Blocks at the Blake Escarpment, East of Florida 54 By W.P. Dillon, J.S. Risch, K.M. Scanlon, P.C. Valentine, and Q.J. Huggett Tectonic and Stratigraphic Control on a Giant Submarine Slope Failure: Puerto Rico Insular Slope 60 By W.C. Schwab, W.W. Danforth, and K.M. Scanlon Slope Failure of Carbonate Sediment on the West Florida Slope 69 By D.C. Twichell, P.C. Valentine, and L.M. Parson Slope Failures in an Area of High Sedimentation Rate: Offshore Mississippi River Delta 79 By J.M. Coleman, D.B. Prior, L.E. Garrison, and H.J. Lee Salt Tectonics and Slope Failure in an Area of Salt Domes in the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico 92 By B.A. McGregor, R.G. Rothwell, N.H. Kenyon, and D.C. Twichell Slope Stability in Regions 01 Sea-Floor Gas Hydrate: Beaufort Sea Continental Slope 97 By R.E. Kayen and H.J. Lee Mass Movement Related to Large Submarine Canyons Along the Beringian Margin, Alaska 104 By P.R. Carlson, H.A. Karl, B.D. Edwards, J.V. Gardner, and R. Hall Comparison of Tectonic and Stratigraphic Control of Submarine Landslides on the Kodiak Upper Continental Slope, Alaska 117 By M.A. Hampton Submarine Landslides That Had a Significant Impact on Man and His Activities: Seward and Valdez, Alaska 123 By M.A. Hampton, R.W. Lemke, and H.W. Coulter Processes Controlling the Style of Mass Movement in Glaciomarine Sediment: Northeastern Gulf of Alaska 135 By W.C. Schwab and H.J. Lee Contents V VI Contents Liquefaction of Continental Shelf Sediment: The Northern California Earthquake of 1980 143 By M.E. Field A Submarine Landslide Associated with Shallow Sea-Floor Gas and Gas Hydrates off Northern California 151 By M.E. Field and J.H. Barber, Jr. Sur Submarine Landslide, a Deep-Water Sediment Slope Failure 158 By C.E. Gutmacher and W.R. Normark Seismically Induced Mudflow in Santa Barbara Basin, California 167 By B.D. Edwards, H.J. Lee, and M.E. Field Submarine Landslides in a Basin and Ridge Setting, Southern California 176 By M.E. Field and B.D. Edwards Giant Volcano-Related Landslides and the Development of the Hawaiian Islands 184 By W.R. Normark, J.G. Moore, and M.E. Torresan Submarine Slope Failures Initiated by Hurricane Iwa, Kahe Point, Oahu, Hawaii 197 By W.R. Normark, Pat Wilde, J.F. Campbell, T.E. Chase, and Bruce Tsutsui (PDF contains 210 pages)

Histological atlas of Florida Surgeonfish (Acanthuridae)

This histological atlas focuses on A. coeruleus and includes major organs and tissues. Particularly note the stomach tissues of both species, which illustrate the difference in digestive strategies of the Carribbean Acanthurids. Acanthurus chirurgus was intentionally left out of this atlas, as its tissues are identical to those of ?A. bahianus(PDF has 22 pages)

El valor de las marcas de distribuidor y sus antecedentes: el caso de las marcas de cadena

Partiendo de una revisión de la literatura sobre la compleja realidad de las marcas de distribuidor, el concepto del valor de la marca y sus antecedentes, este trabajo plantea varias hipótesis referentes al efecto de la imagen de enseña y el precio sobre el valor de un tipo de marca de distribuidor (las marcas de cadena), que se contrastan en el sector de los hipermercados. El propósito de este artículo es indagar en los antecedentes clave del valor de las marcas de distribuidor, con el fin de alcanzar un mayor conocimiento de las vías que permiten aumentar el valor de las marcas de distribuidor.

Collecção das Leis do Imperio do Brasil de 1837

Parte 1 - Leis

Numerical Study of Heat Transfer Mechanism in Turbulent Supercritical CO2 Channel Flow

Direct numerical simulation (DNS) of supercritical CO2 turbulent channel flow has been performed to investigate the heat transfer mechanism of supercritical fluid. In the present DNS, full compressible Navier-Stokes equations and Peng-Robison state equation are solved. Due to effects of the mean density variation in the wall normal direction, mean velocity in the cooling region becomes high compared with that in the heating region. The mean width between high-and low-speed streaks near the wall decreases in the cooling region, which means that turbulence in the cooling region is enhanced and lots of fine scale eddies are created due to the local high Reynolds number effects. From the turbulent kinetic energy budget, it is found that compressibility effects related with pressure fluctuation and dilatation of velocity fluctuation can be ignored even for supercritical condition. However, the effect of density fluctuation on turbulent kinetic energy cannot be ignored. In the cooling region, low kinematic viscosity and high thermal conductivity in the low speed streaks modify fine scale structure and turbulent transport of temperature, which results in high Nusselt number in the cooling condition of the supercritical CO2.

Early postnatal growth of the spotted dolphin, Stenella attenuata, in the offshore Eastern Tropical Pacific.

Estimates of length at birth and early postnatal growth are made for the northern and southern populations of the offshore spotted dolphin in the offshore eastern tropical Pacific. Length at birth is estimated to be 85.4 cm for the northern population and 83.2 cm for the southern population. Analyses of series of monthly distributions of length revealed two cohorts born each year in the northern population, at least in the northern inshore part of its geographic range, but only one cohort born each year in the southern population. Growth curves fitted to the means of the monthly distributions of length gave estimates of length at 1 year of 126.2 and 132.6 cm and length at 2 years of 154.3 and 154.9 cm for the two cohorts in the northern population. and length at 1 year of 127.9 cm for the southern population. A growth curve fitted to lengths and ages (in dental growth layer groups) from the northern population gave estimates of lengths at 1 and 2 years of 123.0 and 143.0 cm, respectively.

La investigación en traducción cinematográfica en España: el doblaje (inglés-español)

Raquel Merino Álvarez, José Miguel Santamaría, Eterio Pajares (eds.)

湍流射流理论与计算

定向爆破在农田基本建设中的应用

NOAA Coastal Change Analysis Program (C-CAP): Guidance for Regional Implementation

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The Coastal Change Analysis Programl (C-CAP) is developing a nationally standardized database on landcover and habitat change in the coastal regions of the United States. C-CAP is part of the Estuarine Habitat Program (EHP) of NOAA's Coastal Ocean Program (COP). C-CAP inventories coastal submersed habitats, wetland habitats, and adjacent uplands and monitors changes in these habitats on a one- to five-year cycle. This type of information and frequency of detection are required to improve scientific understanding of the linkages of coastal and submersed wetland habitats with adjacent uplands and with the distribution, abundance, and health of living marine resources. The monitoring cycle will vary according to the rate and magnitude of change in each geographic region. Satellite imagery (primarily Landsat Thematic Mapper), aerial photography, and field data are interpreted, classified, analyzed, and integrated with other digital data in a geographic information system (GIS). The resulting landcover change databases are disseminated in digital form for use by anyone wishing to conduct geographic analysis in the completed regions. C-CAP spatial information on coastal change will be input to EHP conceptual and predictive models to support coastal resource policy planning and analysis. CCAP products will include 1) spatially registered digital databases and images, 2) tabular summaries by state, county, and hydrologic unit, and 3) documentation. Aggregations to larger areas (representing habitats, wildlife refuges, or management districts) will be provided on a case-by-case basis. Ongoing C-CAP research will continue to explore techniques for remote determination of biomass, productivity, and functional status of wetlands and will evaluate new technologies (e.g. remote sensor systems, global positioning systems, image processing algorithms) as they become available. Selected hardcopy land-cover change maps will be produced at local (1:24,000) to regional scales (1:500,000) for distribution. Digital land-cover change data will be provided to users for the cost of reproduction. Much of the guidance contained in this document was developed through a series of professional workshops and interagency meetings that focused on a) coastal wetlands and uplands; b) coastal submersed habitat including aquatic beds; c) user needs; d) regional issues; e) classification schemes; f) change detection techniques; and g) data quality. Invited participants included technical and regional experts and representatives of key State and Federal organizations. Coastal habitat managers and researchers were given an opportunity for review and comment. This document summarizes C-CAP protocols and procedures that are to be used by scientists throughout the United States to develop consistent and reliable coastal change information for input to the C-CAP nationwide database. It also provides useful guidelines for contributors working on related projects. It is considered a working document subject to periodic review and revision.(PDF file contains 104 pages.)

Mechanism of transport of saquinavir-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers across the intestinal barrier

[EN] The aims of this work were (i) to evaluate the potential of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) as a tool to 24 enhance the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble compounds using saquinavir (SQV), a BCS class IV drug 25 and P-gp substrate as a model drug, and (ii) to study NLC transport mechanisms across the intestinal barrier. 26 Three different NLC formulations were evaluated. SQV transport across Caco-2 monolayers was enhanced up 27 to 3.5-fold by NLCs compared to SQV suspension. M cells did not enhance the transport of NLCs loaded with 28 SQV. The size and amount of surfactant in the NLCs influenced SQV's permeability, the transcytosis pathway 29 and the efflux of SQV by P-gp. An NLC of size 247 nm and 1.5% (w/v) surfactant content circumvented P-gp 30 efflux and used both caveolae- and clathrin-mediated transcytosis, in contrast to the other NLC formulations, 31 which used only caveolae-mediated transcytosis. By modifying critical physicochemical parameters of the 32 NLC formulation, we were thus able to overcome the P-gp drug efflux and alter the transcytosis mechanism 33 of the nanoparticles. These findings support the use of NLCs approaches for oral delivery of poorly 34 water-soluble P-gp substrates.

Finanzas para una economía humana sostenible: hacia la banca ética

El presente trabajo analiza el papel que deben jugar las finanzas en un mundo globalizado que vive una profunda crisis multidimensional, económica, financiera, energética, alimentaria, medioambiental, etc. que se manifiesta en graves problemas de pobreza, desigualdad, violación de derechos humanos, exclusión y deterioro ecológico. Esas nuevas finanzas deben constituirse en la herramienta básica de una nueva economía que tenga como objetivo el Desarrollo Humano Sostenible (DHS), que constituye el gran reto al que se enfrenta la humanidad en los próximos años. Todas las personas y las organizaciones tenemos la Responsabilidad Social de hacer frente a ese reto. El sector financiero por su poder e influencia tiene la gran responsabilidad social (RSE) de tener en cuenta, además de su rentabilidad económica, el impacto social y medioambiental de su actividad tanto en el diseño de productos de pasivo, en las estrategias de captación del ahorro y en las políticas de crédito e inversión, recuperando de esta manera el valor social del dinero. La Inversión Socialmente Responsable (ISR) al añadir criterios sociales y medioambientales a los tradicionales criterios financieros permite a las personas o entidades inversoras combinar objetivos financieros con valores sociales. La máxima expresión de la ISR lo constituye la Banca Ética ya que todo su negocio lo gestiona con criterios sociales y medioambientales además de los de rentabilidad económica y bajo una transparencia total. Dentro de la Banca Ética destaca el proyecto Fiare, único nacido en el Estado, que se desarrolla como cooperativa de crédito de ámbito europeo, sin ánimo de lucro, con escala salarial de 1 a 3 y sustentada en redes territoriales de organizaciones sociales que trabajan en el ámbito de la transformación de las estructuras generadoras de injusticia.

A study of changes in fishing effort, abundance, and yield for yellowfin and skipjack tuna in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean

ENGLISH: The rapid growth of the Eastern Pacific fishery for yellowfin and skipjack tuna since the end of World War II has given rise to questions concerning the rational utilization of these resources. As part of the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission's program of research designed to investigate these problems, a study was undertaken to determine from the historical records of the fishery the effects of fishing upon the stocks of yellowfin and skipjack tuna of the Eastern Pacific region and to evaluate the present condition of these stocks with respect to the maximum equilibrium yield. SPANISH: EI rápido crecimiento, desde la terminación de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, de la pesquería de atún aleta amarilla y barrilete en el Pacifico Oriental, ha dado lugar a que se hagan algunos comentarios sabre la racional utilización de estos recursos. Como parte del programa de la Comisión Interamericana del Atún Tropical designado para la investigación de estos problemas, un estudio fué llevado a cabo para determinar, de los informes historicós de la pesquería, los efectos de la pesca sobre los stocks de atún aleta amarilla y barrilete de la región del Pacifico Oriental y para evaluar la presente condición de estos stocks con respecto al máximo rendimiento de equilibria. (PDF contains 123 pages.)