Adoption and application of information technology in the Caribbean and its contribution to scientific, technological and human resource development

Includes bibliography

Mecanismos internacionales para el financiamiento del desarrollo científico y tecnológico: guía de discusión para su análisis y diseño = International machinery for the financing of scientific and technological development: discussion guidelines for its analysis and design

Incluye Bibliografía

Caracterização dos pesquisadores em tratamento temático da informação: um estudo da produção científica por meio da análise de domínio

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Contribuição para a terminologia do processo de inteligência competitiva: estudo teórico e metodologico

Pós-graduação em Ciência da Informação - FFC

Bases para o espírito: Ferreira Penna, ciência e educação na Província do Grão- Pará (1866 – 1891)

As contribuições de Domingos Soares Ferreira Penna (1818-1888) à ciência realizada na província do Grão-Pará na segunda metade do século XIX são continuamente referidas em trabalhos sobre a fundação do Museu Paraense de História Natural e Etnografia em 1866, uma vez que o político mineiro fora seu idealizador e primeiro diretor. Contudo, a participação de Ferreira Penna na sociedade paraense da época se estendeu à instrução pública, tema de urgência no discurso das autoridades provinciais. É no sentido de se buscar a consonância deste personagem com as discussões de seu tempo sobre ciência e educação que este trabalho se desenvolve. Buscamos escritos da autoria de Penna, em especial as páginas dedicadas à instrução pública, além de discursos governamentais e pensamentos de outros autores sobre o tema. Partimos de um personagem singular por acreditarmos que pode ser procedimento inicial para compreendermos o contexto social no qual se insere. Seus textos foram analisados com base em elementos da análise de conteúdo, que nos permitiram organizar palavras e expressões em Unidades de Contexto e selecionar quais seriam mais apropriadas para a análise das fontes. A análise nos conduziu à idéia de que, para Ferreira Penna, a instrução teria como uma de suas prioridades a iluminação intelectual dos indivíduos como um todo, em especial os das camadas populares. Esta necessidade acompanhava a proposta da consolidação de uma identidade nacional, cuja inexistência era sentida por políticos e intelectuais. Ainda nesse projeto, o conhecimento dos recursos naturais através das ciências da natureza seria indispensável à luz da inteligência que se buscava incutir nos jovens através da instrução. Neste ponto, ciência e educação se convergem, por serem investimentos utilitários para um propósito mais amplo. O pensamento de Penna se adere ao de vários pensadores da época, em especial no que diz respeito à liberdade de ensino e a uma possível defesa do regime republicano em detrimento do regime monárquico, findo em 1889. Apesar das idéias parecerem adiantadas para sua época, o conservadorismo do pensamento de Ferreira Penna em alguns pontos nos ajuda a compreender a dimensão na qual mudanças para a instrução eram pensadas, de modo que não comprometessem a organização social vigente.

Supplementation and therapeutic use of vitamin D in patients with multiple sclerosis: Consensus of the Scientific Department of Neuroimmunology of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology

A esclerose múltipla (EM) é uma doença inflamatória, autoimune, desmielinizante e degenerativa do sistema nervoso central. Estudos epidemiológicos têm identificado associações de hipovitaminose D com doenças autoimunes. O principal objetivo desta revisão é responder se há evidências que indiquem o uso terapêutico de vitamina D em monoterapia para pacientes com EM. Por meio dos sites PUBMED, EMBASE, LILACS e Scielo foram realizadas buscas usando os descritores “vitamin D”, e “multiple sclerosis” até 12/09/2013. Estudos clínicos randomizados, controlados e duplo-cegos foram selecionados para avaliar a resposta terapêutica da vitamina D na EM. Não foram encontradas evidências científicas que justifiquem o uso da vitamina D em monoterapia no tratamento da EM, na prática clínica.

Use of sample size calculation in scientific research in Brazilian Physical Education journals

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Scientific collaboration network among Brazilian universities: an analysis in Dentistry area

This paper analyses the scientific collaboration network formed by the Brazilian universities that investigate in dentistry area. The constructed network is based on the published documents in the Scopus (Elsevier) database covering a period of 10 (ten) years. It is used social network analysis as the best methodological approach to visualize the capacity for collaboration, dissemination and transmission of new knowledge among universities. Cohesion and density of the collaboration network is analyzed, as well as the centrality of the universities as key-actors and the occurrence of subgroups within the network. Data were analyzed using the software UCINET and NetDraw. The number of documents published by each university was used as an indicator of its scientific production.

Seleção de características utilizando algoritmos evolucionistas e suas aplicações em reconhecimento de padrões

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Benefits of soil carbon: report on the outcomes of an international scientific committee on problems of the environment rapid assessment workshop

A Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment Rapid Assessment (SCOPE-RAP) workshop was held on 18-22 March 2013. This workshop was hosted by the European Commission, JRC Centre at Ispra, Italy, and brought together 40 leading experts from Africa, Asia, Europe and North and South America to create four synthesis chapters aimed at identifying knowledge gaps, research requirements, and policy innovations. Given the forthcoming publication by CABI of a book volume of the outcomes of the SCOPE-RAP in 2014, this workshop report provides an update on the global societal challenge of soil carbon management and some of the main issues and solutions that were identified in the four working sessions.

The University and its libraries: reactions and resistance to scientific publishers

This paper addresses the relationship of copyright and the right of universities on scientific production. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are causing many changes in the system of scientific communication, such as the creation of Institutional Repositories that aim to gather scientific production in digital format. The University needs quicker ways of spreading academic production and many questions are emerging due to contexts such as the Open Access movement. Thus, this paper questions the positioning of Universities, especially Public Universities, which despite having policies related to intellectual property to protect the transferring forms of research results to society; many times do not have a positioning or a mechanism that regulates the self-deposit of scientific production in these Institutional Repositories. In order to develop this paper, the following issues are addressed: lack of interest of the University in storing scientific production; reports on the relationship of the library with scientific publishing houses; the participation of faculty members and students in supporting the Free Access movement; and initiatives aimed at greater flexibility of copyright to the context of scientific production. In order to follow the development of these issues at international level, it was opted for qualitative research with non-participating direct observation to carry out the identification and description of copyright policy of important publishers from the ROMEO SHERPA site; therefore, it can be observed that there are changes regarding the publishers' flexibility before self-archiving of authors in open access institutional repositories in their universities. Given this scenario, we presente reflections and considerations that involve the progress and mainly the integration of the University and its faculty members; the institution should recommend and guide its faculty members not to transfer their copyrights, but to defend their right of copy to Institutional Repositories along with Publishing Houses.

An Informatics Technical Note on Interaction of DNA - Graphene Chemical Sensor System as Reaction-Diffusion Wave-Based Computing System in Ionised Gaseous environments and their Applications Using Theoretical Studies and Scientific Computation Overview

The physics of plasmas encompasses basic problems from the universe and has assured us of promises in diverse applications to be implemented in a wider range of scientific and engineering domains, linked to most of the evolved and evolving fundamental problems. Substantial part of this domain could be described by R–D mechanisms involving two or more species (reaction–diffusion mechanisms). These could further account for the simultaneous non-linear effects of heating, diffusion and other related losses. We mention here that in laboratory scale experiments, a suitable combination of these processes is of vital importance and very much decisive to investigate and compute the net behaviour of plasmas under consideration. Plasmas are being used in the revolution of information processing, so we considered in this technical note a simple framework to discuss and pave the way for better formalisms and Informatics, dealing with diverse domains of science and technologies. The challenging and fascinating aspects of plasma physics is that it requires a great deal of insight in formulating the relevant design problems, which in turn require ingenuity and flexibility in choosing a particular set of mathematical (and/or experimental) tools to implement them.

Scientific use of the finite element method in Orthodontics

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Antibiotic prophylaxis for third molar extraction in healthy patients: current scientific evidence

Third molar extraction is one of the most frequently performed procedures in the dental clinic, and it is associated with innumerable trans- and postoperative complications, such as pain, trismus, edema, localized alveolar osteitis, and surgical site infection. Some authors advocate the use of local or systemic antibiotics to reduce the incidence of these postoperative complications. However, several studies have revealed an insignificant gain after using antibiotics. Despite the risks of allergic reactions, toxicity, and the development of resistant microorganisms, about 50% of dentists routinely prescribe the use of prophylactic antibiotics for this purpose. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the scientific evidence that justifies antibiotic prescription to healthy patients undergoing third molar extraction.