Measurements and modelling of radio propagation in subway tunnels

The work presented in this article is focused on the RF measurement campaign carried out in several subway tunnels in Metro Madrid (Spain). Most common segments such as straight lines, curves and passing through station as well as other unique scenarios in metropolitan lines were the selected locations during this campaign. Measurements were conducted in tunnels of diverse cross section shapes and taken at three frequency bands: 900 MHz, 2.4GHz and 5.7 GHz for both horizontal and vertical polarization.

Application and modeling of GaN FET in 1MHz large signal bandwidth power supply for radio frequency power amplifier

In this paper, implementation and testing of non- commercial GaN HEMT in a simple buck converter for envelope amplifier in ET and EER transmission techn iques has been done. Comparing to the prototypes with commercially available EPC1014 and 1015 GaN HEMTs, experimentally demonstrated power supply provided better thermal management and increased the switching frequency up to 25MHz. 64QAM signal with 1MHz of large signal bandw idth and 10.5dB of Peak to Average Power Ratio was gener ated, using the switching frequency of 20MHz. The obtaine defficiency was 38% including the driving circuit an d the total losses breakdown showed that switching power losses in the HEMT are the dominant ones. In addition to this, some basic physical modeling has been done, in order to provide an insight on the correlation between the electrical characteristics of the GaN HEMT and physical design parameters. This is the first step in the optimization of the HEMT design for this particular application.

Experimental investigation of radio signal propagation in scientific facilities for telerobotic applications

Understanding the radio signal transmission characteristics in the environment where the telerobotic application is sought is a key part of achieving a reliable wireless communication link between a telerobot and a control station. In this paper, wireless communication requirements and a case study of a typical telerobotic application in an underground facility at CERN are presented. Then, the theoretical and experimental characteristics of radio propagation are investigated with respect to time, distance, location and surrounding objects. Based on analysis of the experimental findings, we show how a commercial wireless system, such as Wi-Fi, can be made suitable for a case study application at CERN.

Influencia del radio en entallas en U sometidas a flexión en tres puntos en la fundición GG-25

El presente trabajo fin de master se centra en estudiar el efecto del radio de entalla en la fundición gris GG-25, sometida a cargas en modo I (propagación de fisuras a partir de la entalla por fuerzas de tracción exclusivamente). En teoría, en un material frágil, a menor radio de entalla, la carga critica de rotura debería ser también menor. Sin embargo, en la tesis fin de master “Static tests under torsion loading of notched specimens made of grey cast iron: Experimental issues and Numerical Development” realizada por el estudiante Marco Marcón, de la Universidad de Padua, Italia, con este mismo material pero con solicitación en modo III, se observo que a menor radio de entalla, la carga de rotura de las probetas aumentaba. Para estudiar dicho efecto de entalla, se ha llevado a cabo una campana experimental Ensayándose 20 probetas agrupadas en cuatro radios de entalla. Posteriormente se realizaron simulaciones numéricas para comprobar el comportamiento del material y corroborar los resultados experimentales obtenidos, mediante el modelo de la fisura cohesiva implementada junto con un material de Hencky en el continuo.

Distributed cognitive radio systems with temperature-interference constraints and overlay scheme

Cognitive radio represents a promising paradigm to further increase transmission rates in wireless networks, as well as to facilitate the deployment of self-organized networks such as femtocells. Within this framework, secondary users (SU) may exploit the channel under the premise to maintain the quality of service (QoS) on primary users (PU) above a certain level. To achieve this goal, we present a noncooperative game where SU maximize their transmission rates, and may act as well as relays of the PU in order to hold their perceived QoS above the given threshold. In the paper, we analyze the properties of the game within the theory of variational inequalities, and provide an algorithm that converges to one Nash Equilibrium of the game. Finally, we present some simulations and compare the algorithm with another method that does not consider SU acting as relays.

Simulación del enlace descendente LTE orientada a planificación radio

En este Proyecto de Fin de Carrera se describe la implementación de un simulador del enlace descendente de un sistema LTE. Dicho simulador es capaz de modelar con precisión las variaciones rápidas del canal, que se producen debido al efecto del multitrayecto. Esto es vital a la hora de simular adecuadamente las ganancias que se logran debido a la planificación dependiente del canal que el sistema LTE es capaz de realizar. El objetivo es investigar la relación existente entre la tasa de datos binaria obtenida por una estación base y diferentes parámetros de los usuarios (como SINR o velocidad). El objetivo final del proyecto es obtener un modelo que pueda predecir la tasa binaria de la base como una función de algunos parámetros que caractericen las condiciones de los usuarios. Se ha utilizado principalmente un planificador de tipo “proportional fair” debido a sus cualidades para para obtener una tasa binaria razonablemente elevada a la vez que reparte el canal entre todos los usuarios existentes de forma equitativa.

Despliegue de una red de acceso radio en comunicaciones móviles

En el mundo actual el uso de la telefonía móvil ha desbancado a la telefonía fija, creando la necesidad en los usuarios de estar conectados independientemente del lugar en el que se encuentren. Esto provoca que las compañías telefónicas estén cada vez más preocupadas por mejorar y renovar sus redes de comunicaciones para proporcionar sus servicios con cada vez mayor calidad. En este proyecto se estudiara la forma en la que un gran operador mantiene su red actualizada y se detallaran los trabajos necesarios para que su red se mantenga actualizada y no se encuentren equipos obsoletos dentro de su arquitectura. Se describirá el procedimiento mediante el cual una operadora de telefonía móvil ha llevado a cabo la renovación de los equipos de su red de acceso. A lo largo del proyecto se describirán los diferentes tipos de escenarios y las distintas soluciones adoptadas a implementar en dichos escenarios. De la misma forma se describirá el tipo de equipo instalado, indicando las diferentes tarjetas que lo forman y sus diferentes funcionalidades. Se describirán las acciones llevadas a cabo por el grupo de O&M de integración mediante las cuales se retirara el equipo antiguo y se instalara el nuevo impactando lo menos posible en la red del operador. ABSTRACT. In today's world the use of mobile phones has replaced fixed lines, creating the need for users to stay connected no matter where they are located. This causes the phone companies are increasingly concerned with improving and renovating their communications networks to provide services with increasing quality. In this project the way in which a large network operator maintains their network updated and detailing the work required to keep it updated and with no obsolete equipment in its architecture are be considered. The process by which a mobile operator has undertaken the renovation of the computers on your network access will be described. Throughout the project the different types of scenarios and different solutions adopted to implement these scenarios are described. Likewise the type of installed equipment is also described, indicating the different cards that form it and its various functions. Actions carried out by the group of O & M of integration by which the old equipment is retired and the new install as little as possible impact on the operator's network will be described.

Adaptación de GNU Radio a procesadores KeyStone II 66AK2xxx

En el presente proyecto se ha procedido a implantar la herramienta de procesado software GNU Radio en la tarjeta EVMK2H, que es un módulo de evaluación fabricado por Texas Instruments que incorpora un System on Chip (SoC) 66AK2H14 de la familia Keystone II, el cual dispone de 4 núcleos ARM y 8 núcleos DSP. Previamente a la instalación de GNU Radio, hubo que configurar la tarjeta, así como instalar el software necesario. De igual manera, se realizó una primera aproximación para comprender el funcionamiento de los sistemas de comunicación entre núcleos de que hace uso la tarjeta, y de los que se hizo uso posteriormente en el proyecto. Tras el portado de GNU Radio se ha comprobado el correcto funcionamiento del mecanismo de comunicación entre núcleos ARM y DSP con un par de aplicaciones de prueba. ABSTRACT. In the present project it was performed the implementation of the software processing toolkit GNU Radio into the EVMK2H board, which is an evaluation module from Texas Instruments that includes a 66AK2H14 System on Chip (SoC) from the Keystone II family, that provides 4 ARM cores and 8 DSP cores. Before installing GNU Radio, it was necessary to configure the board, and as well installing other needed software. Also, a first approach was performed to understand the way the communication system between cores included in the board works, which was used later in the project. After porting GNU Radio, some test applications have been written to test the correct operation of the communication mechanism between ARM and DSP cores.

Debian Hamradio and Software Defined Radio : Overview of the Debian Ham blend, ham radio and software defined radio

Non peer reviewed

Very large radio surveys of the sky

Recent advances in electronics and computing have made possible a new generation of large radio surveys of the sky that yield an order-of-magnitude higher sensitivity and positional accuracy. Combined with the unique properties of the radio universe, these quantitative improvements open up qualitatively different and exciting new scientific applications of radio surveys.

Very-long-baseline radio interferometry surveys of the compact structure in active galactic nuclei.

Very-long-baseline radio interferometry (VLBI) imaging surveys have been undertaken since the late 1970s. The sample sizes were initially limited to a few tens of objects but the snapshot technique has now allowed samples containing almost 200 sources to be studied. The overwhelming majority of powerful compact sources are asymmetric corejects of one form or another, most of which exhibit apparent superluminal motion. However 5-10% of powerful flat-spectrum sources are 100-parsec (pc)-scale compact symmetric objects; these appear to form a continuum with the 1-kpc-scale double-lobed compact steep-spectrum sources, which make up 15-20% of lower frequency samples. It is likely that these sub-galactic-size symmetric sources are the precursors to the large-scale classical double sources. There is a surprising peak around 90 degrees in the histogram of misalignments between the dominant source axes on parsec and kiloparsec scales; this seems to be associated with sources exhibiting a high degree of relativistic beaming. VLBI snapshot surveys have great cosmological potential via measurements of both proper motion and angular size vs. redshift as well as searches for gravitational "millilensing."

Morphology of high-luminosity compact radio sources.

High-dynamic range imaging and monitoring with very-long-baseline interferometry reveal a rich morphology of luminous flat-spectrum radio sources. One-sided core-jet structures abound, and superluminal motion is frequently measured. In a few cases, both distinct moving features and diffuse underlying jet emission can be detected. Superluminal motion seen in such sources is typically complex, on curved trajectories or ridge lines, and with variable component velocities, including stationary features. The curved trajectories seen can be modeled by helical motion within the underlying jet flow. The very-long-baseline interferometry properties of the superluminal features in the jet of 3C 345 and other similar sources can be explained by models invoking the emission from shocks, at least within the vicinity of the compact core. Inverse-Compton calculations, constrained by x-ray observations, yield realistic estimates for the physical conditions in the parsec-scale jet. There is evidence for a transition region in this source beyond which other factors (e.g., plasma interactions and nonsynchrotron radiation processes) may become prominent. Multifrequency and polarization imaging (especially at high frequencies) are emerging as critical tools in testing model predictions.

Very-long-baseline radio interferometry observations of low power radio galaxies.

The parsec scale properties of low power radio galaxies are reviewed here, using the available data on 12 Fanaroff-Riley type I galaxies. The most frequent radio structure is an asymmetric parsec-scale morphology--i.e., core and one-sided jet. It is shared by 9 (possibly 10) of the 12 mapped radio galaxies. One (possibly 2) of the other galaxies has a two-sided jet emission. Two sources are known from published data to show a proper motion; we present here evidence for proper motion in two more galaxies. Therefore, in the present sample we have 4 radio galaxies with a measured proper motion. One of these has a very symmetric structure and therefore should be in the plane of the sky. The results discussed here are in agreement with the predictions of the unified scheme models. Moreover, the present data indicate that the parsec scale structure in low and high power radio galaxies is essentially the same.

Structure and evolution of the compact radio source in NGC 1275.

Investigations of the fine-scale structure in the compact nucleus of the radio source 3C 84 in NGC 1275 (New General Catalogue number) are reported. Structural monitoring observations beginning as early as 1976, and continuing to the present, revealed subluminal motions in a jet-like relatively diffuse region extending away from a flat-spectrum core. A counterjet feature was discovered in 1993, and very recent nearly simultaneous studies have detected the same feature at five frequencies ranging from 5 to 43 GHz. The counterjet exhibits a strong low-frequency cutoff, giving this region of the source an inverted spectrum. The observations are consistent with a physical model in which the cutoff arises from free-free absorption in a volume that surrounds the core but obscures only the counterjet feature. If such a model is confirmed, very-long-baseline radio interferometry observations can then be used to probe the accretion region, outside the radio jet, on parsec scales.