Post-hatch heat warms adult beaks: irreversible physiological plasticity in Japanese quail

Across taxa, the early rearing environment contributes to adult morphological and physiological variation. For example, in birds, environmental temperature plays a key role in shaping bill size and clinal trends across latitudinal/thermal gradients. Such patterns support the role of the bill as a thermal window and in thermal balance. It remains unknown whether bill size and thermal function are reversibly plastic. We raised Japanese quail in warm (308C) or cold (158C) environments and then at a common intermediate temperature. We predicted that birds raised in cold temperatures would develop smaller bills than warm-reared individuals, and that regulation of blood flow to the bill in response to changing temperatures would parallel the bill’s role in thermal balance. Cold-reared birds developed shorter bills, although bill size exhibited ‘catch-up’ growth once adults were placed at a common temperature. Despite having lived in a common thermal environment as adults, individuals that were initially reared in the warmth had higher bill surface temperatures than coldreared individuals, particularly under cold conditions. This suggests that blood vessel density and/or the control over blood flow in the bill retained a memory of early thermal ontogeny. We conclude that post-hatch temperature reversibly affects adult bill morphology but irreversibly influences the thermal physiological role of bills and may play an underappreciated role in avian energetics

Article - St. Catharines Standard post race, 7 July 1952

A photograph and brief comment about the race results for Dorothy Rungeling. She is photographed next to George Belfry of Thompson Products (sponsor), Alice Little (co-pilot) and radio broadcaster Rex Stimers.

Certificates of Post Office Registration

Certificates of Post Office Registration: Certificates numbered 840-845 and 469-474, all postmarked at St. Catharines, Ontario, 1882, 1884.

Partial piece of post office registration to J.M. Ball of Toronto, Ont.

Partial piece of post office registration to J.M. Ball of Toronto, Ont. Half of ticket is missing. Text is affected, Jul. 5, 1875.

Certificate of post office registration to Brush Brothers of Buffalo, New York

Certificate of post office registration to Brush Brothers of Buffalo, New York, Oct. 11, 1875.

Post card with a notice of freight arrival addressed to S.D. Woodruff from the Great Western Railway for castings, a keg and grates

Post card with a notice of freight arrival addressed to S.D. Woodruff from the Great Western Railway for castings, a keg and grates, Aug.11, [1876].

Post office registration for letter addressed to Mother Burnell of St. Catharines,

Post office registration for letter addressed to Mother Burnell of St. Catharines, Sept. 16, 1886.

Letter (copy) to T. Stayner regarding the transaction between the Brantford Post Office and the Grimsby Post Office from the Post Master General, Quebec

Letter (copy) to T. Stayner regarding the transaction between the Brantford Post Office and the Grimsby Post Office from the Post Master General, Quebec (3 pages, handwritten), March 4, 1830.

Examination of W. George Richardson, clerk to William Richardson, Brantford, Post Master

Examination of W. George Richardson, clerk to William Richardson, Brantford, Post Master (2 pages, handwritten). This is stained and contains small holes. The text is not affected, 1830.

The Thorold Post, Thorold, Ontario, July 30, 1927

The Thorold Post, Thorold, Ontario, July 30, 1927.

The Thorold Post, Thorold, Ontario, June 30, 1927

The Thorold Post, Thorold, Ontario. This is a supplement to the paper commemorating the Canada’s Diamond Jubilee 1867-1927. The front page of the supplement is coloured, June 30, 1927.

Evaluación de la percepción de la calidad de la atención médica en asegurados post-operados por hernia de disco lumbar y la relación con su habilitación laboral

Tesis (Maestría en Salud Pública con Especialidad en Salud en el Trabajo) UANL

Presión arterial post-ejercicio y terapia de luz

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias del Ejercicio con Acentuación en Deporte de Alto Rendimiento) UANL

Programa y material didáctico en apoyo de la materia de post-grado administración de operaciones [por] Lilia Raquel Mercado Longoria

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias de la Administración con Especialidad en Investigación de Operaciones) U.A.N.L.

Influencia de la progesterona post inseminación sobre el porcentaje de gestación en vacas de carne

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencia Animal) UANL, 2011.