Usina de geração distribuída de energia elétrica através da incineração de resíduos sólidos com operação ilhada

O trabalho em questão apresenta uma proposta do suprimento de energia elétrica de um alimentador de distribuição pela operação isolada de uma usina geradora de energia elétrica que utiliza como fonte primária a energia calorífica da incineração de resíduos sólidos urbanos. O suprimento proposto é sugerido após a constatação do esgotamento da capacidade da subestação supridora desse alimentador. O esgotamento é verificado a partir de simulações realizadas no sistema de distribuição real da Rede Celpa, localizado na região Nordeste do Estado do Pará, o qual atende os municípios Santa Izabel do Pará, Santo Antonio do Tauá, Colares, Vigia e São Caetano de Odivelas. Nas simulações é utilizado um programa de fluxo de carga desenvolvido especificamente para os sistemas radias de distribuição e da subtransmissão. A proposta de suprimento via geração de energia elétrica através da incineração dos resíduos sólidos urbanos se dá a partir do confronto entre as alternativas de expansão (a alternativa técnica normalmente praticada pela concessionária) e a alternativa técnica-econômica-ambiental sugerida neste trabalho que demonstra as vantagens econômicas, sociais e ambientais da proposta.

O consumo e a geração de resíduos sólidos: nas festividades do Santuário de Nossa Senhora de Fátima - Fortaleza/Ceará

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

Problemas ambientais e relações de trabalho no Porto de Belém: perspectivas para um projeto de educação ambiental

Esta pesquisa mostra o olhar que trabalhadores e passageiros da Companhia das Docas do Pará – Porto de Belém têm do cotidiano do porto em relação aos problemas ambientais. Nossa motivação para o desenvolvimento deste estudo pautou-se na identificação de qual a situação ambiental na área portuária das Docas de Belém e se as ações de Educação Ambiental desenvolvidas em seu interior contribuem para a construção de melhorias socioambientais? Para a realização da pesquisa utilizamos como forma de análise a abordagem qualitativa, na qual buscamos priorizar não apenas a quantidade de dados referentes ao objeto de estudo, mas principalmente compreender o fenômeno em foco. No estudo desenvolvemos as seguintes etapas: a) levantamos dados sobre o entorno, destacando a ocupação urbana na área de influência do Porto; b) elaboramos um diagnóstico ambiental, por intermédio da visão de trabalhadores e usuários do Porto de Belém, visando suas expectativas quanto ao ambiente; c) Buscamos compreender o desenvolvimento de ações relacionadas à preservação ambiental, necessárias ao processo de educação para a sustentabilidade, desenvolvidas no Porto de Belém. Neste sentido, inicialmente realizamos uma ampla revisão da literatura sobre a temática, conjuntamente com a pesquisa documental, onde analisamos textos escritos por pesquisadores na área de meio ambiente, e da educação Ambiental, como: Loureiro (2004, 2009), Lima (2007), Silva (2009), Teisserenc (2010), Tapia (2005), Campanhola (2000), Gadotti (2008), Becker (2008), Antunes (2002). Assim como documentos oficiais relacionados ao meio ambiente e a outras iniciativas voltadas a Ações de Preservação e de Portos como: Constituição da Republica Federativa (1988); Decreto Lei 9.795 que dispõe sobre a educação ambiental, institui a Política Nacional de Educação Ambiental; Decreto Lei 8.630 que dispõe sobre o regime jurídico da exploração dos portos organizados e das instalações portuárias; Lei nº 8.630, de 25/02/1993 (antiga Lei dos Portos). A partir da construção do texto ampliamos nosso conhecimento, o que nos deu suporte teórico para iniciarmos a pesquisa empírica. Nesta etapa fizemos um levantamento da área edificada em parte da orla de Belém para identificar o percentual de ocupação urbana na faixa exclusiva selecionada, às proximidades do lócus da pesquisa, o levantamento realizado visou identificar alguma provável influência externa na área de movimentação de navios, o que foi descartado, pois o percentual de ocupação urbana (45,0830 %) encontrado foi considerado dentro dos padrões aceitáveis. Na segunda etapa do estudo foi feita a coleta de dados junto às pessoas que vivenciam o cotidiano da área portuária como: trabalhadores e usuários, objetivando obter informações sobre sua visão e opinião sobre o foco da pesquisa, utilizamos primeiramente a entrevista semiestruturada, objetivando esclarecer sobre as reais condições atuais do meio ambiente de trabalho, vivido cotidianamente por seus atores, nas questões profissionais, sociais e ambientais na área do Porto de Belém e, para que tivéssemos um diagnóstico do momento em que se encontra a ambientalização do Porto, realizamos entrevistas com sujeitos que trabalham diariamente naquele ambiente portuário. Culminando o estudo, utilizamos questionários, os quais foram aplicados a 80 (oitenta) sujeitos trabalhadores e 149 (cento e quarenta e nove) aos usuários/passageiros. O resultado da pesquisa revelou como principais problemas apontados, tanto pelos usuários como pelos trabalhadores os impactos ambientais causados pelas atividades portuárias como a emissão de resíduos sólidos, líquidos, derrame de produtos perigosos e os riscos de contaminação do rio. Assim como lixo em excesso e sua coleta indevida, que tem ocasionado frequentes entupimentos dos esgotos. Assim como a inexistência de continuidade do trabalho de limpeza e manutenção com a prática necessária da dragagem retirada de entulhos do rio e do canal das docas. Constatamos também, que existe a intenção pela gestão da CDP em realizar o trabalho de utilização correta de sistemas de carga e descarga, armazenagem, pesagem, acomodação e movimentação de cargas no porto, bem como realizar de forma correta controle de matérias que chegam e que saem, e que é perceptível a eficiente vigilância da movimentação na área de embarque e desembarque de passageiros, o fazem com que o Porto de Belém permaneça dentro dos padrões estabelecidos na Constituição, o processo de gestão portuária ocorre regularmente obedecendo a um sistema de atividades previamente determinadas e que se encontram de acordo com a Lei dos Portos. O grande ganho que se observa no estudo e esclarecimento das questões investigadas é a apresentação do conceito que os atores envolvidos têm da realidade ambiental existente.

Resíduos sólidos: do conhecimento científico ao saber curricular - a releitura do tema em livros didáticos de Geografia

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Políticas públicas de gerenciamento integrado de resíduos sólidos urbanos no município de Presidente Prudente-SP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Obtenção de compósitos de borracha natural com resíduo industrial de couro reticulados com diferentes peróxidos

Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais - FC

Gerenciamento dos resíduos de serviços de saúde da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva do Pronto Socorro do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu – UNESP

Health care waste (HCW) is the type of waste that results from activities performed in health care services during care provision to humans or animals. Presently, according to RDC 306/04, issued in 2004 by Anvisa, and Resolution no. 358/05, by CONAMA, waste groups have the following classification: Group A (biological waste), Group B (chemical waste), Group C (waste containing radionucleotides), Group D (common waste) and Group E (piercing and cutting waste). In Brazil, 149 tons of wastes are collected every day, and HCW corresponds to approximately 1% to 3 % of that total. An efficient way to adequately manage HCW is through the Health Care Waste Management Plan (HCWMP), and it is possible to reduce the risk posed by certain materials in addition to ensuring disposal in an ecologically correct and economical fashion. According to the Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO), the management process enables health care establishments to adequately manage waste. Hence, there is greater control and reduction in the health risks caused by infectious or special waste, in addition to facilitated recycling, treatment, storage, transport and final disposal of solid hospital waste in an environmentally safe fashion. To evaluate the management of HCW of Groups A and D from the Intensive Care Unit of the University Emergency Hospital - FMB - UNESP in the city of Botucatu according to the guidelines presently in force. The waste flow was followed up, and during four random days in the month of September 2011, waste was quantified by estimating daily and monthly values, according to its classification. : In 2011, the University hospital has produced an average of 57,676.8 kg/month of biological and common waste. By adding Groups A and D, during the four days, approximately 209.8 Kg of waste (202.2 Kg of Group A and 7.6 Kg of Group D) were produced in the establishment under study, which... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Análise das centrais de triagem do programa de coleta seletiva da cidade de São Paulo - SP

Among numerous studies about the selective collection of solid waste and cooperatives of recyclable materials, this research aims to contribute with the study of these problems from the geographic space. As the world population increases, the issue of solid waste becomes increasingly worrying, due to new consumption patterns that create larger amounts of waste, especially in the urban centers. The recycling appears to be the best solution for this problem since most materials that are currently sent to landfills would become raw material for new products. The Triage Centers performs an important role in this process because they are responsible for sorting, packing and selling the materials arising from the selective collect, so it is necessary to analyze the places where these steps are performed. This study intend to examine the location and distribution of these enterprises in the city of São Paulo in order to provide support for the mitigation of impacts, both environmental and social, from their location, as well as provide support for the expansion of selective collection program in the city. The choice for studying this area was due to the curiosity of investigating the inefficiency of the recycling program in the city of São Paulo, which currently recycles about 1% of all household solid waste collected. Therefore, from a historical survey of the city's recycling programs, technical visits, interviews with responsible agencies and also analysis of the Triage Center's frameworks based on the guidelines from the municipal legislation, it will be evaluated the problems faced by the program for its expansion

Estudo da variação da porcentagem e da estimativa de geração de gás metano para o aterro sanitário do município de Rio Claro - SP

Increased demand for energy and the search for alternative energy sources are remarkable and current facts. The management of domestic solid waste is also part of the issue in view of the possibility of power generation in existing landfills, which could provide financial autonomy to the system of waste management and improve the environmental balance of landfills in Brazil, currently only used for final solids disposal. Landfill gas is a viable alternative energy source has been tested in landfills in the World and in Brazil. Thus, the research aimed to evaluate the percentage of methane (CH4) present in three sinks of gases from a landfill in the municipality of Rio Claro – SP (Brazil), and to estimate the potential methane generation over its life through the application of a mathematical model. As a result it was found that in general the percentage of methane present in the gases is significant, between 50 and 62%. It was also noted that waste with disposal time between 8 and 12 months already are in the methanogenic stage. Finally, there was a tendency to increase the generation of methane in the transition periods of rain and drought

Diagnóstico da gestão e do gerenciamento dos resíduos eletroeletrônicos gerados no campus da Faculdade de Engenharia de Guaratinguetá/Unesp

Currently, in Brazil, the quantity and quality of new types of wastes, discarded without criteria in urban areas, has been responsible for considerable impacts on public health and the environment. According to a report prepared by the Institute of Applied Economic Research (IPEA), the country loses about U.S. $ 8 billion annually, due lack of waste recycling, which go directly into landfills or dumps. Among these solid wastes are waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), whose characteristics are complex, by having in its composition substances of high value-added and other health hazards which require different treatment of household waste. Aiming to fill the gap in Brazilian environmental legislation, on 02/08/2010, was sanctioned the National Policy Solid Waste (Law No. 12,305), already regulated on 23/12/2010 (Decree No 7404), whose based on the following principles:reduction of waste generation and toxicity of shared responsibility, proper planning management, social inclusion of waste pickers and sustainable production and consumption. Given the above, this work presented here, aims generally present a diagnosis of the current situation of electronic waste generated in the Faculty of Engineering, Campus Guaratinguetá, FEG / UNESP, to provide data for management and management of these waste, based on sustainability, the economic losses and minimizing environmental impacts and public health related to the flow and the improper disposal of these wastes

Estudo da reutilização de materiais reciclados em obras de construção civil

This graduation project aims to study and analyze the reuse of solid waste projects in Civil Construction, checking the different factors such as economic viability, production processes, classification of the main materials, advantages and disadvantages, always seeking to guide themselves according Brazilian legislation establishing criteria for Waste Management of Construction. In addition, points are studied that prevent the expansion of recycling construction waste. It also offers needs improvements to the implementation of recycling to be carried out on a more expressive than current

Diagnóstico dos resíduos de construção e demolição: uma contribuição à elaboração e implantação da gestão integrada dos RCD no município de Guaratinguetá – SP

The problem of solid waste has caused discussions about the huge amount that is generated in Brazilian cities, in particular the waste from construction and demolition (CDW), called spoil. In many cases these wastes are disposed of improperly and even criminally in urban areas, causing serious economic, social and environmental problems. Due to the lack of public policies and appropriate management of such waste came up with the CONAMA, in its resolution nº 307 of 2002, the obligation of municipalities in deploy the integrated management of construction and demolition wastes for the resolution of problems caused by inadequate management and disposal of such waste. By following a methodology suggested by Pinto & González (2005), with adaptations of other authors, it is proposed in this work the lifting of a diagnosis of the CDW in the municipality of Guaratinguetá-SP, through theoretical analysis and field research, with purpose to guide the public servants in the elaboration and implementation of integrated management. The results must contain information necessary for that end, such as the knowledge of generators, agents, collectors and transporters, disposition areas and the disposal of waste

Gestão ambiental na produção avícola: estudo de caso

The present study addresses the application of the Environmental Management System in chicken production on a farm owned by the Nardo brothers, located in the city of Guapiaçu/SP (Brazil). The objectives were to analyze the process of solid waste generation, destination and forms of treatment in this activity; propose measures to reduce the use of potable water for non-potable ends; determine other measures identified through a questionnaire drafted by Embrapa (Brazilian Agriculture Research Cooperative) and administered to employees who have direct involvement in the productive process; pay visits to chicken production enterprises; and employ the guidelines proposed by the National Fowl-Breeding Sanitation Program that guide the application of the Environmental Management System. Adequate management of waste was put into effect through the construction of a compost shed capable of meeting current production demands, in which all procedures were accompanied – from civil construction to the commercialization process of the organic fertilizer generated. The rain-gathering system for the roofs of the pens proposed to reduce the consumption of potable ground water destined for washing the floors of the pens was completely dimensioned and budgeted, allowing the motivated owners to place the project into effect in a timely fashion. Other simpler but no less important proposals were also made in order to bring the production up to the required quality standards.

Mapeamento de áreas susceptíveis para implantação de aterro sanitário no município de Rio Claro, SP

The inadequate disposal of municipal waste is one of the biggest environmental problems. The lack of long public politics makes this problem a challenge to their administrators. Finding a place for the disposal of waste is an easy task and the present work looks forward to a better understanding about the concepts involved in order to choose favorable areas for the development of sanitary landfills, minimizing environmental impacts. In this line of thought several areas in Rio Claro`s region were evaluated according to the environmental terms. The areas which were classified as good or almost good will have a more elaborated study such as field works, evaluation and understanding of the concepts analyzed so that there aren’t any waste of money, work, social and environmental waste in the area. These areas were analyzed according to secondary data such as geological and pedological formation and primary studies such as the assumption of the reality as showed in the map will be made in order to acquire better results.

Avaliação dos resíduos sólidos gerados no Restaurante Universitário da UNESP de Rio Claro: uma análise do potencial de compostagem

A consequence of population growth is the increased generation of solid waste, which requires environmentally and economically viable suitable disposal sites. The scarcity of such sites makes necessary to adopt non-generation measures, reduction, reuse , recycling and treatment of solid waste before final disposal of waste. This paper presents the quantification and qualification of organic waste generated in each sector of the University Restaurant (UR) , by proposing indicators of waste generation per meal (index of waste) . Then, from the characterization of the waste management practices adopted internally, evaluates the potential deployment of the composting process for organic waste, with signaling for opportunities to improve waste management. The diagnosis of waste generation was made based on data collected during the period of 10 days. The waste were classified into 3 groups (organic, recyclable and waste) in each sector of the restaurant ( pre preparation , kitchen and tray return) . The results reveal that 33 % of the waste generated in the UR currently has the potential to be composted in a suitable place on campus. Every meal served generat approximately 124g of waste, of which 35g are organic waste of the pre preparation sector, 49g are remnants of food in the tray’s return and 40g are other kinds of waste, including recyclable and non recyclable. You can still get a higher percentage of compostable if the trays pre-wash is not performed with detergent and water. To minimize the generation of waste trays can be replaced by plates and skimmers and ladles can be replaced by smaller ones. The food exposed in the counter but not consumed, can be distributed to students after the restaurant is closed so this material would not be disposed in the garbage