Semantic Web applications: a framework for industry and business exploitation – What is needed for the adoption of the Semantic Web from the market and industry

In recent years, Semantic Web (SW) research has resulted in significant outcomes. Various industries have adopted SW technologies, while the ‘deep web’ is still pursuing the critical transformation point, in which the majority of data found on the deep web will be exploited through SW value layers. In this article we analyse the SW applications from a ‘market’ perspective. We are setting the key requirements for real-world information systems that are SW-enabled and we discuss the major difficulties for the SW uptake that has been delayed. This article contributes to the literature of SW and knowledge management providing a context for discourse towards best practices on SW-based information systems.

Post-market environmental monitoring of Bt maize in Spain: Non-target effects of varieties derived from the event MON810 on predatory fauna

The Spanish Government has established post-market environmental monitoring (PMEM) as mandatory for genetically modified (GM) crop varieties cultivated in Spain. In order to comply with this regulation, effects of Bt maize varieties derived from the event MON810 on the predatory fauna were monitored for two years in northeast and central Spain. The study was carried out with a randomized block design in maize fields of 3-4 ha on which the abundance of plant-dwelling predators and the activity-density of soil-dwelling predators in Bt vs. non-Bt near-isogenic varieties were compared. To this end, the plots were sampled by visual inspection of a certain number of plants and pitfall traps 6 or 7 times throughout two seasons. No significant differences in predator densities on plants were found between Bt and non-Bt varieties. In the pitfall traps, significant differences between the two types of maize were found only in Staphylinidae, in which trap catches in non-Bt maize were higher than in Bt maize in central Spain. Based on the statistical power of the assays, surrogate arthropods for PMEM purposes are proposed; Orius spp. and Araneae for visual sampling and Carabidae, Araneae, and Staphylinidae for pitfall trapping. The other predator groups recorded in the study, Nabis sp. and Coccinellidae in visual sampling and Dermaptera in pitfall trapping, gave very poor power results. To help to establish a standardized protocol for PMEM of genetically modified crops, the effect-detecting capacity with a power of 0.8 of each predator group is given.

Global surveillance of cancer survival 1995-2009 : analysis of individual data for 25 676 887 patients from 279 population-based registries in 67 countries (CONCORD-2)

BACKGROUND: Worldwide data for cancer survival are scarce. We aimed to initiate worldwide surveillance of cancer survival by central analysis of population-based registry data, as a metric of the effectiveness of health systems, and to inform global policy on cancer control. METHODS: Individual tumour records were submitted by 279 population-based cancer registries in 67 countries for 25·7 million adults (age 15-99 years) and 75 000 children (age 0-14 years) diagnosed with cancer during 1995-2009 and followed up to Dec 31, 2009, or later. We looked at cancers of the stomach, colon, rectum, liver, lung, breast (women), cervix, ovary, and prostate in adults, and adult and childhood leukaemia. Standardised quality control procedures were applied; errors were corrected by the registry concerned. We estimated 5-year net survival, adjusted for background mortality in every country or region by age (single year), sex, and calendar year, and by race or ethnic origin in some countries. Estimates were age-standardised with the International Cancer Survival Standard weights. FINDINGS: 5-year survival from colon, rectal, and breast cancers has increased steadily in most developed countries. For patients diagnosed during 2005-09, survival for colon and rectal cancer reached 60% or more in 22 countries around the world; for breast cancer, 5-year survival rose to 85% or higher in 17 countries worldwide. Liver and lung cancer remain lethal in all nations: for both cancers, 5-year survival is below 20% everywhere in Europe, in the range 15-19% in North America, and as low as 7-9% in Mongolia and Thailand. Striking rises in 5-year survival from prostate cancer have occurred in many countries: survival rose by 10-20% between 1995-99 and 2005-09 in 22 countries in South America, Asia, and Europe, but survival still varies widely around the world, from less than 60% in Bulgaria and Thailand to 95% or more in Brazil, Puerto Rico, and the USA. For cervical cancer, national estimates of 5-year survival range from less than 50% to more than 70%; regional variations are much wider, and improvements between 1995-99 and 2005-09 have generally been slight. For women diagnosed with ovarian cancer in 2005-09, 5-year survival was 40% or higher only in Ecuador, the USA, and 17 countries in Asia and Europe. 5-year survival for stomach cancer in 2005-09 was high (54-58%) in Japan and South Korea, compared with less than 40% in other countries. By contrast, 5-year survival from adult leukaemia in Japan and South Korea (18-23%) is lower than in most other countries. 5-year survival from childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is less than 60% in several countries, but as high as 90% in Canada and four European countries, which suggests major deficiencies in the management of a largely curable disease. INTERPRETATION: International comparison of survival trends reveals very wide differences that are likely to be attributable to differences in access to early diagnosis and optimum treatment. Continuous worldwide surveillance of cancer survival should become an indispensable source of information for cancer patients and researchers and a stimulus for politicians to improve health policy and health-care systems. FUNDING: Canadian Partnership Against Cancer (Toronto, Canada), Cancer Focus Northern Ireland (Belfast, UK), Cancer Institute New South Wales (Sydney, Australia), Cancer Research UK (London, UK), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Atlanta, GA, USA), Swiss Re (London, UK), Swiss Cancer Research foundation (Bern, Switzerland), Swiss Cancer League (Bern, Switzerland), and University of Kentucky (Lexington, KY, USA).

Go-to-market strategy with pharmacies

The purpose of the research is to develop a go-to-market strategy with pharmacies. As it was agreed with the client of the study, Reckitt Benckiser, the focus is solely on non-prescription products. Therefore, prescription medicines are not considered in the study. The main objective of the research is to clarify consumer and pharmacy personnel behavior concerning non-prescription products. These issues are observed with surveys, which are provided to consumers and pharmacy personnel. The go-to-market strategy is based on the survey results and is comprised by utilizing the marketing-mix model. Legislation and the present state & trends are additional minor research problems of the study. The results of the research provide many descriptive insights about consumer and pharmacy personnel behavior. It is concluded that the consumers’ level of involvement with non-prescription products is low and the type of behavior is habitual. It is also demonstrated that several decision-making criteria are very different among different age groups and genders. Concerning pharmacy personnel, the factors that they base their product recommendations are revealed. In addition, the sources of medicine information for both consumers and pharmacy personnel are found out.

Discovering New Markets for an Industrial Product – International Market Selection Approach

Tämän tutkielman tavoitteena oli määrittää uuden markkinan valinnan perusteita teolliselle tuotteelle. Tutkielma keskittyi jo tunnettuihin kansainvälisen markkinavalinnan lähestymistapoihin ja pyrki soveltamaan yhtä menetelmää käytäntöön tutkielman empiria osassa case-tutkimuksen avulla. Tutkimusote oli tutkiva, eksploratiivinen ja perustui sekundääri analyysiin. Käytetyt tiedon lähteet olivat suureksi osin sekundäärisiä tuottaen kvalitatiivista tietoa. Kuitenkin haastatteluita suoritettiin myös. Kattava kirjallisuus katsaus tunnetuista teoreettisista lähestymistavoista kansainväliseen markkinavalintaan oli osa tutkielmaa. Kolme tärkeintä lähestymistapaa esiteltiin tarkemmin. Yksi lähestymistavoista, ei-järjestelmällinen, muodosti viitekehyksen tutkielman empiria-osalle. Empiria pyrki soveltamaan yhtä ei-järjestelmällisen lähestymistavan malleista kansainvälisessä paperiteollisuudessa. Tarkoituksena oli tunnistaa kaikkein houkuttelevimmat maat mahdollisille markkinointitoimenpiteille tuotteen yhdellä loppukäyttöalueella. Tutkielmassa päädyttiin käyttämään ilmastollisia olosuhteita, siipikarjan päälukua sekä siipikarjan kasvuprosenttia suodattimina pyrittäessä vähentämään mahdollisten maiden lukumäärää. Tutkielman empiria-osa kärsi selkeästi relevantin tiedon puutteesta. Siten myös tutkielman reliabiliteetti ja validiteetti voidaan jossain määrin kyseenalaistaa.

Marketing strategy for a GSM phone service. Target market, St. Petersburg Russia. Case MegaFon

Tämä pro gradu tutkielma esittää markkinointistrategian digitaaliselle matkapuhelinpalvelulle penetroiduttaessa uusille markkinoille. MegaFon on uuden sukupolven mobiilioperaattori, jolla on lukuisia teknlogiaan perustuvia etuisuuksia puolellaan. Markkinointistrategian perusteena asiakkaat on määritelty, paikallistettu ja analysoitu. Tämän lisäksi, palvelun positiointi, hinnoittelu- ja jakelukanavavaihtoehdot on myöskin analysoitu ja määritelty. Menestystekijöihin liittyvät kysymykset, myynnin jälkeiseen toimintaan liittyvät asiat on myös tutkittu. Teoreettiset aspektit liittyvät pääsääntöisesti uuden palvelun ja palveluiden lanseeramiseen (palvelu, palvelun elinkaariajattelu), niiden markkinointistrategioihin lanseerausvaiheessa ja markkinointikanavien päättämiseen. Tutkimuksessa on selitetty MegaFonin ennustamis- ja lähestymistavat, joilla on valotettu todellista markkinatilannetta. Tämän tutkielman informaatio on kerätty useista lähteistä, kuten: yleistä aiheeseen liittyvää kirjallisuutta, sisäisiä raportteja ja Megafonin materiaalia, yhteistyökumppaneiden aineistoa, Internettia ja muuta saatavilla olevaa materiaalia. Tuloksena on määritelty päätöksenteon avainkohdat ja osaltaan perinteiset lähestymistavat on kyseenalaistettu.

European employment strategy and spanish labour market policies

The paper aim is to analyse the influence of the European Employment Strategy (EES)in the implementation of the Spanish labour market policies. The first part of the paper describes the evolution and content of the EES. In the second one, the definition of activation is also explained. In addition to that, the ways how the EES develops and promotes active labour market policies are examined. The evolution of labour market policies in Spain and the current configuration of both active and passive policies are studied in the next three chapters. In these parts, the paper investigates to which extent the provisions of the EES have been implemented in Spain. The paper shows that: i) activation has been rising in the European countries since the implementation of the EES; ii) this fact has also happened in relative terms (comparing the evolution of active to passive policies); iii) Spain has been one of the countries which has led these processes; iv) the EES seems to have been influencing

Market Potential of Service Providers for Niche Vendor

Diplomityössä tarkastellaan palveluoperaattoreiden asemaa Länsi-Euroopan matkapuhelinpalvelumarkkinoilla. Tavoitteena on selvittää, ovatko palveluoperaattorit potentiaalisia asiakkaita tietylle matkapuhelinlisäpalvelujärjestelmien toimittajalle. Lisäksi tavoitteena on rakentaa liiketoimintalaskelmatyökalu, jolla tällaisen järjestelmäinvestoinnin kannattavuus voidaan osoittaa paitsi palveluoperaattorille, myös tämän loppuasiakkaille. Työ aloitetaan matkapuhelinpalvelumarkkinoilla toimivien osapuolten esittelyllä. Eri osapuolten asemaa ja merkitystä matkapuhelinpalvelumarkkinoilla käsitellään. Matkapuhelinpalvelumarkkinoiden kehitystä tarkastellaan uuden teknologian ja erityisesti tulevien palvelujen näkökulmasta. Tarkastelua jatketaan analysoimalla regulaation vaikutusta matkapuhelinpalvelumarkkinoihin. Erityisesti kiinnitetään huomiota regulaation motiiveihin sekä käytännön toteutukseen tietyissä Länsi-Euroopan maissa. Tutkimuksen toteuttamisessa merkittävässä osassa ovat asiantuntijahaastattelut sekä markkina-analyysiraportit.Markkina-analyysissa saatuja tuloksia hyödynnetään liiketoimintalaskelmatyökalun toteutuksessa. Työn tuloksena päädytään myös ratkaisuun palveluoperaattoreiden kiinnostavuudesta asiakassegmenttinä. Tämän lisäksi havaitaan muita potentiaalisia asiakassegmenttejä, joiden tämäntyyppiseen liiketoimintaan soveltuvuutta tutkitaan edelleen.