916 resultados para hexagonal GaN


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A partir de recientes trabajos de campo dedicados a entender la relación entre las comunidades indígenas y las instituciones del Estado en Brasil y Bolivia, se intenta examinar con mayor profundidad los modos de operación, la reproducción y, en especial, la legitimación de la llamada colonialidad del poder - categoría de los estudios poscoloniales/descoloniales presentada por el sociólogo peruano Aníbal Quijano que ganó proyección dando énfasis justamente a la continuación de los patrones coloniales en la toma de decisiones, después del cierre del proceso histórico y formal del colonialismo político. Entre los distintos puntosanalizados, uno de los cuales emergen con mayor énfasis en la comprensión de la colonialidad del poder es el que oculta detrás de la idea de nación, el fundamento de los proyectos políticos que apoyan al Estado en diferentes contextos. Se entiende, por lo tanto, que sin una profunda deconstrucción (histórica, epistemológica y ontológica) de la nación, que se construyó de acuerdo a la forma establecida por el colonialismo interno y sus vínculos con el sistema-mundo occidental y capitalista dominante, los debates en torno del Estado, en las antiguas colonias europeas hoy "emancipadas" en América Latina, tienden a limitarse a los aspectos superficiales, sin tocar la lógica colonial de exclusión. Hay, todavía, experiencias protagonizadas por los pueblos indígenas de ambos países hacia la construcción de otros paradigmas de políticas públicas

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Con el golpe de Estado de Onganía en 1966 comenzó un intento de consolidación de un Estado Burocrático Autoritario. El gobierno de facto, cuya base social era el gran capital, impulsó reformas estructurales en la economía y las instituciones tendientes a la despolitización y la concentración del capital. Este proyecto entró en una crisis irreversible en mayo de 1969 con los hechos de masas conocidos como Rosariazo y Cordobazo. La descomposición de la dictadura llegó a su punto crítico tras el Tucumanazo y el Viborazo. Tras estos hechos Lanusse dio un golpe de Estado, promovió el GAN y la convocatoria a elecciones sin proscripciones para 1973. Se considera que a partir de 1969 se inauguró una nueva etapa en las luchas sociales en Argentina expresada en una ?nueva izquierda?, de agrupaciones revolucionarias armadas, un auge del activismo obrero y estudiantil, etc. Sin embargo, a pesar de que siempre se menciona el rol de los estudiantes del litoral y del interior en el proceso que derrotó a la dictadura, se haya ausente un estudio sistemático de las luchas del movimiento estudiantil de las regiones donde se desarrollaron los mayores enfrentamientos al régimen militar. Aquí presento algunas dimensiones para su investigación

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A partir de recientes trabajos de campo dedicados a entender la relación entre las comunidades indígenas y las instituciones del Estado en Brasil y Bolivia, se intenta examinar con mayor profundidad los modos de operación, la reproducción y, en especial, la legitimación de la llamada colonialidad del poder - categoría de los estudios poscoloniales/descoloniales presentada por el sociólogo peruano Aníbal Quijano que ganó proyección dando énfasis justamente a la continuación de los patrones coloniales en la toma de decisiones, después del cierre del proceso histórico y formal del colonialismo político. Entre los distintos puntosanalizados, uno de los cuales emergen con mayor énfasis en la comprensión de la colonialidad del poder es el que oculta detrás de la idea de nación, el fundamento de los proyectos políticos que apoyan al Estado en diferentes contextos. Se entiende, por lo tanto, que sin una profunda deconstrucción (histórica, epistemológica y ontológica) de la nación, que se construyó de acuerdo a la forma establecida por el colonialismo interno y sus vínculos con el sistema-mundo occidental y capitalista dominante, los debates en torno del Estado, en las antiguas colonias europeas hoy "emancipadas" en América Latina, tienden a limitarse a los aspectos superficiales, sin tocar la lógica colonial de exclusión. Hay, todavía, experiencias protagonizadas por los pueblos indígenas de ambos países hacia la construcción de otros paradigmas de políticas públicas

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A partir de recientes trabajos de campo dedicados a entender la relación entre las comunidades indígenas y las instituciones del Estado en Brasil y Bolivia, se intenta examinar con mayor profundidad los modos de operación, la reproducción y, en especial, la legitimación de la llamada colonialidad del poder - categoría de los estudios poscoloniales/descoloniales presentada por el sociólogo peruano Aníbal Quijano que ganó proyección dando énfasis justamente a la continuación de los patrones coloniales en la toma de decisiones, después del cierre del proceso histórico y formal del colonialismo político. Entre los distintos puntosanalizados, uno de los cuales emergen con mayor énfasis en la comprensión de la colonialidad del poder es el que oculta detrás de la idea de nación, el fundamento de los proyectos políticos que apoyan al Estado en diferentes contextos. Se entiende, por lo tanto, que sin una profunda deconstrucción (histórica, epistemológica y ontológica) de la nación, que se construyó de acuerdo a la forma establecida por el colonialismo interno y sus vínculos con el sistema-mundo occidental y capitalista dominante, los debates en torno del Estado, en las antiguas colonias europeas hoy "emancipadas" en América Latina, tienden a limitarse a los aspectos superficiales, sin tocar la lógica colonial de exclusión. Hay, todavía, experiencias protagonizadas por los pueblos indígenas de ambos países hacia la construcción de otros paradigmas de políticas públicas

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The state of preservation of natural gas hydrate samples, recovered from 6 sites drilled during ODP Leg 204 at southern summit of Hydrate Ridge, Oregon Margin, has been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and cryo-scanning-electron-microscopy (cryo-SEM) techniques. A detailed characterization of the state of decomposition of gas hydrates is necessary since no pressurized autoclave tools were used for sampling and partial dissociation must have occurred during recovery prior to the quench and storage in liquid nitrogen. Samples from 16 distinct horizons have been investigated by synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements at HASYLAB/ Hamburg. A full profile fitting analysis ("Rietveld method") of synchrotron XRD data provides quantitative phase determinations of the major sample constituents such as gas hydrate structure I (sI), hexagonal ice (Ih) and quartz. The ice content (Ih) in each sample is related to frozen water composed of both original existing pore water and the water from decomposed hydrates. Hydrate contents as measured by diffraction vary between 0 and 68 wt.% in the samples we measured. Samples with low hydrate content usually show micro-structural features in cryo-SEM ascribed to extensive decomposition. Comparing the appearance of hydrates at different scales, the grade of preservation seems to be primarily correlated with the contiguous volume of the original existing hydrate; the dissociation front appears to be indicated by micrometer-sized pores in a dense ice matrix.

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Different generations of complex authigenic carbonates formed in siliceous muds (lithologic Unit IV) and hemipelagic clays (lithologic Unit V) of ODP Site 643, Leg 104 Norwegian Sea. The dominant phase in Unit IV is an early diagenetic Mn, Fe-calcite with a strong negative d13C ( -14 to -16 per mil) signature, and slightly negative d180 values. The strong negative d13C results from extensive incorporation of 12C-enriched CO2 derived from bacterial degradation of marine organic matter into early Mn, Fe - calcite cements. Concomitant framboidal pyrite precipitation and abundant SEM microtextures showing excellent preservation of delicate structures of fragile diatom valves by outpourings with early Mn-calcites strongly support their shallow burial formation before the onset of compaction. Later generations of authigenic mineralizations in lithologic Unit IV include minor amounts of a second generation of calcite with platy crystals, possibly precipitated along with opal-A dissolution, and finally opal-CT crystallization in deeper seated environments overgrowing earlier precipitates with films and lepispheres. The last mineralization is collophane (fluor apatite) forming amorphous aggregates and tiny hexagonal crystals. Authigenic mineral assemblages in lithologic Unit V consist of rhodochrosites, transitional rhodochrosite/manganosiderites, and apatite. A negative d13C ( -7.1 to -15.6 per mil) and a fluctuating d18O signal indicates that the micritic to sparitic rhodochrosites, transitional rhodochrosites/manganosiderites were formed at various burial depths. CO2 resulted from organic matter degradation in the lowermost sulfate reduction zone and from biogenic methane generation in the lowermost sediments, resulting in variable and negative d13C signals. The change in carbonate mineralogy reflects major compositional differences compared to sediments in Unit IV. Most prominent is an increase in altered ash as a primary sediment component and a sudden decrease of siliceous microfossils. Upward diffusion of cations, lowered salinities in pore waters, and elevated temperatures provide diagenetic environments favoring increased remobilization processes.

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The occurrence of Quaternary and Oligocene silicoflagellates at two Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 119 Holes (736A and 744A) on the Kerguelen Plateau in the Southern Ocean was investigated to compare species distributions to Northern Hemisphere floras. This abstract gives the data determined (Tables 1 and 2) for 24 samples and few preliminary remarks. Quaternary assemblages of Hole 736A are noteworthy for the absences of key North Pacific zonal guide species such as Bachmannocena quadrangula, Dictyocha aculeata, Dictyocha subarctios, and Distephanus octangulatus (Bukry and Monechi, 1985). Other species such as Distephanus floridus, Distephanus speculum elongatus, and Mesocena octagona show limited ranges in Hole 736A and may help to subdivide the Quaternary locally. The late Oligocene assemblages of Hole 744A contain widely distributed species of Distephanus and Naviculopsis, which permit correlation to lower latitude assemblages. They also contain the high-latitude acme of Distephanus raupii which was first noted at Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Hole 278 (56°3.42'S, 160°04.29'E, water depth 3689 m) by Perch-Nielsen (1975) and Bukry (1975). Study of Hole 744A assemblages suggests that D. raupii developed from pentagonal Dictyocha deflandrei deflandrei. A final note on the Hole 744A assemblages is the brief late Oligocene acme (25%) of Dictyocha sp. aff. D. spinosa in Sample 119-744A-13H-4, 65-67 cm, which provides a direct correlation to the acme (16%) in DSDP Sample 29-278-31R-CC (Perch-Nielsen, 1975) in the Southern Ocean. Most of the taxonomy used in the tables is documented in earlier publications of the DSDP Initial Reports (see Bukry in Volumes 16, 35, 37, 40, 44, 49, 54, 67, 68, 69, 81, and 95). Also, see Loeblich et al. (1968) and Perch-Nielsen (1985) for extensive taxonomy and illustrations.

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Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) provide protection for organisms subjected to the presence of ice crystals. The psychrophilic diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus which is frequently found in polar sea ice carries a multitude of AFP isoforms. In this study we report the heterologous expression of two antifreeze protein isoforms from F. cylindrus in Escherichia coli. Refolding from inclusion bodies produced proteins functionally active with respect to crystal deformation, recrystallization inhibition and thermal hysteresis. We observed a reduction of activity in the presence of the pelB leader peptide in comparison with the GS-linked SUMO-tag. Activity was positively correlated to protein concentration and buffer salinity. Thermal hysteresis and crystal deformation habit suggest the affiliation of the proteins to the hyperactive group of AFPs. One isoform, carrying a signal peptide for secretion, produced a thermal hysteresis up to 1.53 °C ± 0.53 °C and ice crystals of hexagonal bipyramidal shape. The second isoform, which has a long preceding N-terminal sequence of unknown function, produced thermal hysteresis of up to 2.34 °C ± 0.25 °C. Ice crystals grew in form of a hexagonal column in presence of this protein. The different sequences preceding the ice binding domain point to distinct localizations of the proteins inside or outside the cell. We thus propose that AFPs have different functions in vivo, also reflected in their specific TH capability.

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In this paper, a numerical study is made of simple bi-periodic binary diffraction gratings for solar cell applications. The gratings consist of hexagonal arrays of elliptical towers and wells etched directly into the solar cell substrate. The gratings are applied to two distinct solar cell technologies: a quantum dot intermediate band solar cell (QD-IBSC) and a crystalline silicon solar cell (SSC). In each case, the expected photocurrent increase due to the presence of the grating is calculated assuming AM1.5D illumination. For each technology, the grating period, well/tower depth and well/tower radii are optimised to maximise the photocurrent. The optimum parameters are presented. Results are presented for QD-IBSCs with a range of quantum dot layers and for SSCs with a range of thicknesses. For the QD-IBSC, it is found that the optimised grating leads to an absorption enhancement above that calculated for an ideally Lambertian scatterer for cells with less than 70 quantum dot layers. In a QD-IBSC with 50 quantum dot layers equipped with the optimum grating, the weak intermediate band to conduction band transition absorbs roughly half the photons in the corresponding sub-range of the AM1.5D spectrum. For the SSC, it is found that the optimised grating leads to an absorption enhancement above that calculated for an ideally Lambertian scatterer for cells with thicknesses of 10 ?m or greater. A 20um thick SSC equipped with the optimised grating leads to an absorption enhancement above that of a 200um thick SSC equipped with a planar back reflector.

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This work reports on the growth by molecular beam epitaxy and characterization of InN/InGaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) emitting at 1.5 μm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra show satellite peaks up to the second order. Estimated values of well (3 nm) and barrier (9 nm) thicknesses were derived from transmission electron microscopy and the fit between experimental data and simulated XRD spectra. Transmission electron microscopy and XRD simulations also confirmed that the InGaN barriers are relaxed with respect to the GaN template, while the InN MQWs grew under biaxial compression on the InGaN barriers. Low temperature (14 K) photoluminescence measurements reveal an emission from the InN MQWs at 1.5 μm. Measurements as a function of temperature indicate the existence of localized states, probably due to InN quantum wells’ thickness fluctuations as observed by transmission electron microscopy.