Propuesta de los ítems a tratar para dar inicio a la transición de la Norma ISO 9001 versión 2008 a versión 2015 en Fiduprevisora S.A

38 p.

Propuesta metodológica para la selección, evaluación y reevaluación de proveedores de etiquetas en la Empresa Simoniz S.A. según numeral 8.4.1 de la Norma ISO 9001:2015

81 p.

Manual de técnicas y procedimientos de auditoría y el seguimiento a las acciones correctivas, con base a la normativa internacional ISO 9001 para las empresas que se dedican a prestar servicios educativos.

El manual que se propone en el trabajo presentado, brinda continuidad y énfasis a la cultura organizacional de calidad que caracteriza a las empresas certificadas con Norma ISO 9001:2000, considerando la calidad como un elemento de movilidad continua, es decir, siempre requiere de monitoreo y control para brindar conformidad a la misma. Este trabajo considera la interrelación de recursos técnicos, prácticos, elementos de eficacia y de efectividad. Se pretende brindar un manual que contenga los elementos necesarios y prácticos para el desarrollo de una auditoría a los sistemas de gestión de calidad, por lo cual se incluyen los programas principales que contiene una auditoría que aplique un examen integral a los principales requisitos que exigen las ISO 9001 y que de manera continua evalúe, no solamente la conformidad con los criterios aceptados, sino también que involucre los reglamentos normativos aplicables a las empresa que brindan servicios educativos, de tal forma que se presente una razonable seguridad sobre la correcta aplicación de los mismos. Es de vital importancia considerar que el elemento calidad es un aspecto, hasta cierto punto subjetivo y no cuantitativo, pero que, sin embargo, se concretiza con los resultados al final de un proceso arduo y continuo, que brinda satisfacción tanto a los clientes de las empresas, a las empresas, así como también al personal mismo en la institución, sin el cual no se lograrían los objetivos propuestos. Para llevar a cabo el manual que se presenta, fue necesario realizar una serie de actividades, que se concretizan en cuatro capítulos que contiene este documento. En el capítulo I se presenta el marco teórico sobre auditoría, sistemas de gestión de calidad y Auditoría de calidad, los cuales resultan de suma importancia a fin de sustentar apropiadamente el manual propuesto. En cada una de éstas variables se consideran sus generalidades, la identificación de sus conceptos, su clasificación, las características, hechos históricos sobre los mismos, entre otros elementos considerados. En el capítulo II se desarrolla el contenido de la investigación de campo que sirvió de justificación para la propuesta del manual. Dicha investigación se llevó a cabo en el área metropolitana de San Salvador, y considerando una población de empresas que hasta ese momento se identificaban como certificadas por CONACYT (Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología), ente regulador de las mismas. Este capítulo incluye generalidades de la investigación, los objetivos de la investigación, la justificación, la metodología, la tabulación de la encuesta realizada y el análisis de la información recolectada. En el capítulo III se presenta, la propuesta del “MANUAL DE TÉCNICAS Y PROCEDIMIENTOS DE AUDITORÍA Y EL SEGUIMIENTO A LAS ACCIONES CORRECTIVAS, CON BASE A LA NORMATIVA INTERNACIONAL ISO 9001 PARA LAS EMPRESAS QUE SE DEDICAN A PRESTAR SERVICIOS EDUCATIVOS”. Dicho manual constituye una herramienta que facilita la realización de la auditoría, q u e es un elemento vital para la consecución de los objetivos, pues identifica oportunidades de mejora, realiza examen oportuno y enfatiza una seguridad en la calidad de los servicios educativos brindados. En el capítulo IV se presentan las conclusiones y recomendaciones que surgieron como resultado de la investigación de campo realizada en las empresas que brindan servicios educativos y que se encuentran certificadas con la Norma ISO 9001. Para finalizar se detalla las fuentes bibliográficas que se consultaron para realizar la investigación.

Computer Aided Design Algorithmic Technique for Very Large Scale Integrated Circuit Design and Smart Home Embedded System Design

To tackle the challenges at circuit level and system level VLSI and embedded system design, this dissertation proposes various novel algorithms to explore the efficient solutions. At the circuit level, a new reliability-driven minimum cost Steiner routing and layer assignment scheme is proposed, and the first transceiver insertion algorithmic framework for the optical interconnect is proposed. At the system level, a reliability-driven task scheduling scheme for multiprocessor real-time embedded systems, which optimizes system energy consumption under stochastic fault occurrences, is proposed. The embedded system design is also widely used in the smart home area for improving health, wellbeing and quality of life. The proposed scheduling scheme for multiprocessor embedded systems is hence extended to handle the energy consumption scheduling issues for smart homes. The extended scheme can arrange the household appliances for operation to minimize monetary expense of a customer based on the time-varying pricing model.

A BACKING DEVICE BASED ON AN EMBEDDED STIFFENER AND RETRACTABLE INSERTION TOOL FOR THIN-FILM COCHLEAR ARRAYS

Intracochlear trauma from surgical insertion of bulky electrode arrays and inadequate pitch perception are areas of concern with current hand-assembled commercial cochlear implants. Parylene thin-film arrays with higher electrode densities and lower profiles are a potential solution, but lack rigidity and hence depend on manually fabricated permanently attached polyethylene terephthalate (PET) tubing based bulky backing devices. As a solution, we investigated a new backing device with two sub-systems. The first sub-system is a thin poly(lactic acid) (PLA) stiffener that will be embedded in the parylene array. The second sub-system is an attaching and detaching mechanism, utilizing a poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)-block-poly(d,l-lactide) (PVP-b-PDLLA) copolymer-based biodegradable and water soluble adhesive, that will help to retract the PET insertion tool after implantation. As a proof-of-concept of sub-system one, a microfabrication process for patterning PLA stiffeners embedded in parylene has been developed. Conventional hotembossing, mechanical micromachining, and standard cleanroom processes were integrated for patterning fully released and discrete stiffeners coated with parylene. The released embedded stiffeners were thermoformed to demonstrate that imparting perimodiolar shapes to stiffener-embedded arrays will be possible. The developed process when integrated with the array fabrication process will allow fabrication of stiffener-embedded arrays in a single process. As a proof-of-concept of sub-system two, the feasibility of the attaching and detaching mechanism was demonstrated by adhering 1x and 1.5x scale PET tube-based insertion tools and PLA stiffeners embedded in parylene using the copolymer adhesive. The attached devices survived qualitative adhesion tests, thermoforming, and flexing. The viability of the detaching mechanism was tested by aging the assemblies in-vitro in phosphate buffer solution. The average detachment times, 2.6 minutes and 10 minutes for 1x and 1.5x scale devices respectively, were found to be clinically relevant with respect to the reported array insertion times during surgical implantation. Eventually, the stiffener-embedded arrays would not need to be permanently attached to current insertion tools which are left behind after implantation and congest the cochlear scala tympani chamber. Finally, a simulation-based approach for accelerated failure analysis of PLA stiffeners and characterization of PVP-b-PDLLA copolymer adhesive has been explored. The residual functional life of embedded PLA stiffeners exposed to body-fluid and thereby subjected to degradation and erosion has been estimated by simulating PLA stiffeners with different parylene coating failure types and different PLA types for a given parylene coating failure type. For characterizing the PVP-b-PDLLA copolymer adhesive, several formulations of the copolymer adhesive were simulated and compared based on the insertion tool detachment times that were predicted from the dissolution, degradation, and erosion behavior of the simulated adhesive formulations. Results indicate that the simulation-based approaches could be used to reduce the total number of time consuming and expensive in-vitro tests that must be conducted.

Sistemi operativi real-time su dispositivi embedded - Caso di studio : FreeRTOS su Raspberry Pi

La tesi si concentra sullo studio dell'architettura di un sistema operativo real-time e tratta approfonditamente il dispositivo embedded Raspberry Pi. Successivamente,si procede con l'installazione di BitThunder(un RTOS basato su FreeRTOS) su tale sistema embedded e si attua un test pratico per verificarne il funzionamento.

Gestione automatica di namespace di rete privati in ambienti linux

Sempre più sono i servizi offerti oggigiorno sul cloud. L’isolamento dei vari utenti diviene una componente fondamentale se si vuole proteggere la privacy e la confidenzialità dei dati dei clienti. Mantenere una struttura che offre questo genere di servizi però è estremamente complesso ed oneroso. Si vuole mostrare come sia possibile evitare la creazione di centinaia di migliaia di macchine virtuali, quando potrebbe bastare creare una macchina virtuale per tipo di servizio offerto, e far accedere ogni cliente che necessita di quel servizio semplicemente isolandolo con linux namespace, in maniera automatica.

Zertifizierung des Qualitätsmanagements im Bildungssektor nach DIN EN ISO 9001 : Die Hochschule als Dienstleistungsunternehmen

Das Ziel der vorliegenden Bachelorarbeit war es, die Anwendbarkeit der DIN EN ISO 9001 Anforderungen auf Hochschulen als Dienstleistungsunternehmen zu überprüfen. Dafür wurde das Qualitätsmanagementsystem der Hochschule Anhalt untersucht und bezüglich einer Zertifizierung kontrolliert. Zunächst erfolgte eine Recherche der theoretischen Grundlagen eines Dienstleistungsunternehmens. Hierbei wurden als erstes Begriffe und Rahmenbedingungen definiert und erklärt. Weiter wurden Dienstleistungsmerkmale einer Hochschule identifiziert. Anschließend wurde das Qualitätsmanagement an Hochschulen behandelt. Nach der grundlegenden Erläuterung verschiedener Ansätze von Qualitätsmanagementsystemen, Begriffsdefinitionen, dem Hervorheben von Zielen und positiven Effekten sowie Grundlagen und Erfolgsfaktoren, wurde speziell das Qualitätsmanagement nach DIN EN ISO 9001 betrachtet. Das Hauptaugenmerk in diesem Teil der Arbeit gilt der historischen Entwicklung und dem Darlegen der Grundsätze. Der letzte Teil beschäftigt sich mit dem Qualitätsmanagementsystem der Hochschule Anhalt und den Maßnahmen zur Erfüllung der Anforderungen der DIN EN ISO 9001. In einem abschließenden Fazit wird die Arbeit nochmal einmal kurz zusammengefasst, Verbesserungsvorschläge und ein Ausblick auf zukünftige Herausforderungen gegeben.

The study of thermal stresses in a single long elastic fiber embedded in an infinite matrix

This work considered the micro-mechanical behavior of a long fiber embedded in an infinite matrix. Using the theory of elasticity, the idea of boundary layer and some simplifying assumptions, an approximate analytical solution was obtained for the normal and shear stresses along the fiber. The analytical solution to the problem was found for the case when the length of the embedded fiber is much greater than its radius, and the Young's modulus of the matrix was much less than that of the fiber. The analytical solution was then compared with a numerical solution based on Finite Element Analysis (FEA) using ANSYS. The numerical results showed the same qualitative behavior of the analytical solution, serving as a validation tool against lack of experimental results. In general this work provides a simple method to determine the thermal stresses along the fiber embedded in a matrix, which is the foundation for a better understanding of the interaction between the fiber and matrix in the case of the classical problem of thermal-stresses.

Large scale fabrication of nitrogen vacancy-embedded diamond nanostructures for single-photon source applications

Some color centers in diamond can serve as quantum bits which can be manipulated with microwave pulses and read out with laser, even at room temperature. However, the photon collection efficiency of bulk diamond is greatly reduced by refraction at the diamond/air interface. To address this issue, we fabricated arrays of diamond nanostructures, differing in both diameter and top end shape, with HSQ and Cr as the etching mask materials, aiming toward large scale fabrication of single-photon sources with enhanced collection efficiency made of nitrogen vacancy (NV) embedded diamond. With a mixture of O2 and CHF3 gas plasma, diamond pillars with diameters down to 45 nm were obtained. The top end shape evolution has been represented with a simple model. The tests of size dependent single-photon properties confirmed an improved single-photon collection efficiency enhancement, larger than tenfold, and a mild decrease of decoherence time with decreasing pillar diameter was observed as expected. These results provide useful information for future applications of nanostructured diamond as a single-photon source.

Average-case analysis of power consumption in embedded systems

Power efficiency is one of the most important constraints in the design of embedded systems since such systems are generally driven by batteries with limited energy budget or restricted power supply. In every embedded system, there are one or more processor cores to run the software and interact with the other hardware components of the system. The power consumption of the processor core(s) has an important impact on the total power dissipated in the system. Hence, the processor power optimization is crucial in satisfying the power consumption constraints, and developing low-power embedded systems. A key aspect of research in processor power optimization and management is “power estimation”. Having a fast and accurate method for processor power estimation at design time helps the designer to explore a large space of design possibilities, to make the optimal choices for developing a power efficient processor. Likewise, understanding the processor power dissipation behaviour of a specific software/application is the key for choosing appropriate algorithms in order to write power efficient software. Simulation-based methods for measuring the processor power achieve very high accuracy, but are available only late in the design process, and are often quite slow. Therefore, the need has arisen for faster, higher-level power prediction methods that allow the system designer to explore many alternatives for developing powerefficient hardware and software. The aim of this thesis is to present fast and high-level power models for the prediction of processor power consumption. Power predictability in this work is achieved in two ways: first, using a design method to develop power predictable circuits; second, analysing the power of the functions in the code which repeat during execution, then building the power model based on average number of repetitions. In the first case, a design method called Asynchronous Charge Sharing Logic (ACSL) is used to implement the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) for the 8051 microcontroller. The ACSL circuits are power predictable due to the independency of their power consumption to the input data. Based on this property, a fast prediction method is presented to estimate the power of ALU by analysing the software program, and extracting the number of ALU-related instructions. This method achieves less than 1% error in power estimation and more than 100 times speedup in comparison to conventional simulation-based methods. In the second case, an average-case processor energy model is developed for the Insertion sort algorithm based on the number of comparisons that take place in the execution of the algorithm. The average number of comparisons is calculated using a high level methodology called MOdular Quantitative Analysis (MOQA). The parameters of the energy model are measured for the LEON3 processor core, but the model is general and can be used for any processor. The model has been validated through the power measurement experiments, and offers high accuracy and orders of magnitude speedup over the simulation-based method.

A Importância da Certificação na melhoria contínua da gestão municipal: o caso da ISO 9001

A adoção de ferramentas de gestão na Administração Pública é, hoje em dia, um procedimento comum da nova gestão pública, em particular na gestão autárquica. A mudança organizacional que se tem assistido no setor público e a aproximação da sua gestão a modelos de gestão comummente usados no setor privado, têm permitido uma mudança de paradigma do “serviço público” para que a mesma se encontre “ao serviço do público”. Tal mudança, tem-se traduzido numa maior e efetiva procura da melhoria contínua dos serviços prestados e da satisfação dos cidadãos. O trabalho apresentado pretende realçar o potencial da norma NP1 EN2 ISO 9001:2008 – Sistemas de Gestão da Qualidade (SGQ), adiante designada por ISO 9001, na melhoria contínua dos municípios Portugueses que a ela recorrem para a implementação e certificação de SGQ. Esta norma tem sido adotada por alguns municípios Portugueses como ferramenta de gestão válida na indução de melhoria no seu desempenho, sendo objetivo desta dissertação identificar quais as principais áreas que poderão ser alvo de melhoria, em resultado deste processo, numa amostra de municípios certificados. A identificação destas áreas, mediante a construção de uma tipologia que agrupa situações identificadas em auditoria que carecem de melhoria, permitirá tornar visível algumas das principais fragilidades do desempenho destes municípios, traduzindo-se numa mais-valia para a elaboração de estudos futuros que visem o desenvolvimento de novas metodologias de trabalho que possam colmatar estas mesmas fragilidades. Os resultados desta dissertação apontam para uma maior fragilidade em áreas como a gestão das infraestruturas municipais, a gestão das atividades municipais, e a gestão da informação gerada que suporte a decisão, o que importará uma reflexão mais aprofundada sobre as práticas de gestão adotadas na Administração Pública Local.

Factores de éxito en el programa de responsabilidad social empresarial (RSE) para el sector salud, aplicación de la norma ISO 26000 en la IPS Fundación Cardio Infantil

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo mostrar los factores de éxito del programa de Responsabilidad Social de la Fundación Cardioinfantil, teniendo en cuenta que esta institución se ha convertido en un referente de compromiso social y sostenibilidad en el sector salud y en las instituciones de cuarto nivel de complejidad. Para alcanzar este objetivo se realizaron visitas y se aplicó un instrumento en la Fundación Cardioinfantil y en cuatro instituciones más del mismo nivel de atención en las ciudades de Bogotá, Cali y Medellín, donde generosamente aportaron información acerca del desarrollo de sus programas de Responsabilidad Social y de la aplicación de los tópicos contenidos en la ISO 26000 dentro de sus instituciones. Así mismo dentro de la Fundación Cardioinfantil se realizó una entrevista con la persona encargada de desarrollar el programa, quien manifestó los detalles del funcionamiento de este y los esfuerzos realizados para lograr la diferenciación en el sector salud. A través de este recorrido por las diferentes instituciones de salud consultadas y de la investigación realizada en la fundación Cardioinfantil se realizó una matriz DOFA que nos reveló la falta de comunicación en las mejoras realizadas en las diferentes organizaciones de salud, una vez han detectado las fallas en inherentes a su actuación con los grupos de interés. La adopción de estándares internacionales para la gobernanza y aplicación de los programas de RSE aún es incipiente en el sector salud en general. También es posible resaltar el hecho de que programas de RSE desarrollados a nivel de la fundación Cardioinfantil evolucionan hacia la innovación en la calidad de la atención y la trasformación de sus organizaciones hacia la mejora continua.

Acreditação de ensaios do laboratório de análises de sementes da Embrapa Milho e Sorgo pelo ISO/IEC 17025:2005.

2008

Acreditação de ensaios do laboratório de análises de sementes da Embrapa Milho e Sorgo pelo ISO/IEC 17025:2005.

2008