Análise estratigráfica do Campo de Namorado (Bacia de Campos) com base na interpretação sísmica tridimensional

O presente trabalho analisa os reservatórios turbidíticos do Campo de Namorado, Bacia de Campos – RJ, com a apresentação de um novo modelo evolutivo para o intervalo entre o Albiano superior e Cenomaniano, na área do referido campo. As ferramentas utilizadas neste estudo consistiram da interpretação sísmica em ambiente tridimensional com o software VoxelGeo®, e da análise faciológica junto à perfilagem de poços do referido campo. A análise desenvolvida permitiu a individualização e a posterior visualização tridimensional de um paleocanal meandrante na base do intervalo estudado, feição esta até então não relatada em interpretações anteriores neste reservatório. Como resultado das análises sísmicas e faciológicas, foi possível elaborar um modelo deposicional, onde foram definidos quatro sistemas turbidíticos distintos, inclusos em duas seqüências de 3ª Ordem. Esses sistemas turbidíticos estariam, portanto, associados às seqüências de 4ª Ordem, que são interpretadas como parasseqüências, inseridas nos dois ciclos de 3ª Ordem. As seqüências de 3ª Ordem, que englobam os reservatórios do Campo de Namorado, representariam intervalos de alta freqüência no registro estratigráfico, dentro do contexto de afogamento (2ª Ordem) da Bacia de Campos. Pelas características da calha deposicional observada para o Campo de Namorado, é possível concluir que o sistema, como um todo, foi depositado em um complexo de canais, junto a sistemas de frentes deltaicas. Esses canais, provavelmente, foram esculpidos por fluxos hiperpicnais, formados a partir de inundações catastróficas. As informações provenientes deste estudo, proporcionaram uma melhor compreensão da gênese dos depósitos turbidíticos, acumuladores de hidrocarbonetos, no intervalo estudado, e cuja ocorrência está relacionada com etapas de rebaixamento relativo do nível do mar.

Geração de sulcos em meio coesivo e caracterização hidrossedimentométrica de sua evolução

Na pesquisa em erosão, nas últimas décadas, está se formando um consenso de que é importante entender os processos básicos que regem o fenômeno. Uma alternativas para tentar compreender melhor as etapas do processo erosivo é separá-lo na fase de sulco (fluxo concentrado) e de entressulco. Dentro desse enfoque foi construído no Laboratório de Processos Erosivos e Deposicionais (LaPED) do IPH/UFRGS um canal de declividade para estudar o processo de incisão e o desenvolvimento dos sulcos de erosão. A estrutura experimental projetada e construída permite que seja controlada a vazão através de um medidor eletromagnético e que seja alterada a declividade do canal através de um sistema hidráulico associado a um nível digital. O solo colocado no canal foi um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico típico, as declividades de trabalho foram 3,0; 6,0 e 9,0% e a seqüência de vazões aplicadas foi 10,0; 18,5; 25,5; 38,5 e 51,0L.min-1. A estrutura experimental montada se mostrou de fácil operação e eficiente para permitir o avanço no entendimento dos processos de desagregação e de transporte de partículas sólidas pela ação do escoamento superficial, além de possibilitar a geração de sulco(s) de erosão na superfície do solo. O escoamento passou da condição de difuso para concentrado a partir do momento em que a velocidade superficial do fluxo alcançou 0,26m.s-1, a altura de lâmina atingiu 0,0102m, a velocidade de cisalhamento superou os 0,059m.s-1, a tensão de cisalhamento chegou a 3,50Pa e que a potência do escoamento atingiu pelo menos 0,22N.s-1. O processo de incisão iniciou-se com o canal experimental colocado em baixa declividade e em regime de escoamento sub-crítico e de transição. A velocidade de cisalhamento, no momento da incisão, foi, praticamente, o dobro daquela encontrada na literatura para solos siltosos e arenosos. Entretanto, para as três declividades a fase de sulco definido ocorreu somente em regime de escoamento turbulento. A tensão de cisalhamento foi o parâmetro que melhor descreveu a evolução da perda de solo. A potência do escoamento foi o parâmetro hidráulico que mostrou maior eficiência para separar as fases evolutivas dos sulcos. O desenvolvimento do(s) sulco(s) teve o seu início em uma condição de escoamento difuso (ausência de sulcos) e com a potência do escoamento oscilando entre 0,057 e 0,198N.s-1. O avanço do(s) sulco(s) começou com uma zona de transição (fase de incisão e de aprofundamento) onde a potência do escoamento varia entre 0,220 e 0,278N.s-1 e, logo em seguida, teve início a fase de sulco definido, com a potência do escoamento entre 0,314 e 0,544N.s-1. Na fase de escoamento concentrado foi preponderante o papel do processo de erosão regressiva para aumentar tanto o tamanho como o peso das partículas sólidas em transporte pelo escoamento superficial e assim fazer com que predominasse o transporte via fundo sobre o transporte via suspensão. As cargas de sedimento geradas nos solos de diferentes classes texturais foram separadas em grupos distintos em função da potência unitária do escoamento.

Draft Genome Sequence of the Nitrogen-Fixing Symbiotic Bacterium Bradyrhizobium elkanii 587

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effect of sequence of insemination after simultaneous thawing of multiple semen straws on conception rate to timed AI in suckled multiparous Nelore cows

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Carbohydrate Composition and Water-Stable Aggregation of an Oxisol as Affected by Crop Sequence under No-Till

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Distinctively variable sequence-based nuclear DNA markers for multilocus phylogeography of the soybean- and rice-infecting fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

The Genome Sequence of Taurine Cattle: A Window to Ruminant Biology and Evolution

To understand the biology and evolution of ruminants, the cattle genome was sequenced to about sevenfold coverage. The cattle genome contains a minimum of 22,000 genes, with a core set of 14,345 orthologs shared among seven mammalian species of which 1217 are absent or undetected in noneutherian (marsupial or monotreme) genomes. Cattle-specific evolutionary breakpoint regions in chromosomes have a higher density of segmental duplications, enrichment of repetitive elements, and species-specific variations in genes associated with lactation and immune responsiveness. Genes involved in metabolism are generally highly conserved, although five metabolic genes are deleted or extensively diverged from their human orthologs. The cattle genome sequence thus provides a resource for understanding mammalian evolution and accelerating livestock genetic improvement for milk and meat production.

The contribution of 700,000 ORF sequence tags to the definition of the human transcriptome

open reading frame expressed sequences tags (ORESTES) differ from conventional ESTs by providing sequence data from the central protein coding portion of transcripts. We generated a total of 696,745 ORESTES sequences from 24 human tissues and used a subset of the data that correspond to a set of 15,095 full-length mRNAs as a means of assessing the efficiency of the strategy and its potential contribution to the definition of the human transcriptome. We estimate that ORESTES sampled over 80% of all highly and moderately expressed, and between 40% and 50% of rarely expressed, human genes. In our most thoroughly sequenced tissue, the breast, the 130,000 ORESTES generated are derived from transcripts from an estimated 70% of all genes expressed in that tissue, with an equally efficient representation of both highly and poorly expressed genes. In this respect, we find that the capacity of the ORESTES strategy both for gene discovery and shotgun transcript sequence generation significantly exceeds that of conventional ESTs. The distribution of ORESTES is such that many human transcripts are now represented by a scaffold of partial sequences distributed along the length of each gene product. The experimental joining of the scaffold components, by reverse transcription-PCR, represents a direct route to transcript finishing that may represent a useful alternative to full-length cDNA cloning.

Analysis and functional annotation of an expressed sequence tag collection for tropical crop sugarcane

To contribute to our understanding of the genome complexity of sugarcane, we undertook a large-scale expressed sequence tag (EST),program. More than 260,000 cDNA clones were partially sequenced from 26 standard cDNA libraries generated from different sugarcane tissues. After the processing of the sequences, 237,954 high-quality ESTs were identified. These ESTs were assembled into 43,141 putative transcripts. of the assembled sequences, 35.6% presented no matches with existing sequences in public databases. A global analysis of the whole SUCEST data set indicated that 14,409 assembled sequences (33% of the total) contained at least one cDNA clone with a full-length insert. Annotation of the 43,141 assembled sequences associated almost 50% of the putative identified sugarcane genes with protein metabolism, cellular communication/signal transduction, bioenergetics, and stress responses. Inspection of the translated assembled sequences for conserved protein domains revealed 40,821 amino acid sequences with 1415 Pfam domains. Reassembling the consensus sequences of the 43,141 transcripts revealed a 22% redundancy in the first assembling. This indicated that possibly 33,620 unique genes had been identified and indicated that >90% of the sugarcane expressed genes were tagged.

Caracterização tectono-estratigráfica da sequência transicional na sub-bacia de Sergipe

This thesis deals with the tectonic-stratigraphic evolution of the Transitional Sequence in the Sergipe Sub-basin (the southern segment of the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin, Northeast Brazil), deposited in the time interval of the upper Alagoas/Aptian stage. Sequence boundaries and higher order internal sequences were identified, as well as the structures that affect or control its deposition. This integrated approach aimed to characterize the geodynamic setting and processes active during deposition of the Transitional Sequence, and its relations with the evolutionary tectonic stages recognized in the East Brazilian Margin basins. This subject addresses more general questions discussed in the literature, regarding the evolution from the Rift to the Drift stages, the expression and significance of the breakup unconformity, the relationships between sedimentation and tectonics at extensional settings, as well as the control on subsidence processes during this time interval. The tectonic-stratigraphic analysis of the Transitional Sequence was based on seismic sections and well logs, distributed along the Sergipe Sub-basin (SBSE). Geoseismic sections and seismic facies analysis, stratigraphic profiles and sections, were compiled through the main structural blocks of this sub-basin. These products support the depositional and tectonic-stratigraphic evolutionary models built for this sequence. The structural analysis highlighted similarities in deformation styles and kinematics during deposition of the Rift and Transitional sequences, pointing to continuing lithospheric extensional processes along a NW trend (X strain axis) until the end of deposition of the latter sequence was finished by the end of late Aptian. The late stage of extension/rifting was marked by (i) continuous (or as pulses) fault activity along the basin, controling subsidence and creation of depositional space, thereby characterizing upper crustal thinning and (ii) sagstyle deposition of the Transitional Sequence at a larger scale, reflecting the ductile stretching and thinnning of lower and sub crustal layers combined with an increasing importance of the thermal subsidence regime. Besides the late increments of rift tectonics, the Transitional Sequence is also affected by reactivation of the border faults of SBSE, during and after deposition of the Riachuelo Formation (lower section of the Transgressive Marine Sequence, of Albian age). It is possible that this reactivation reflects (through stress propagation along the newlycreated continental margin) the rifting processes still active further north, between the Alagoas Sub-basin and the Pernambuco-Paraíba Basin. The evaporitic beds of the Transitional Sequence contributed to the development of post-rift structures related to halokinesis and the continental margin collapse, affecting strata of the overlying marine sequences during the Middle Albian to the Maastrichtian, or even the Paleogene time interval. The stratigraphic analysis evidenced 5 depositional sequences of higher order, whose vertical succession indicates an upward increase of the base level, marked by deposition of continental siliciclastic systems overlain by lagunar-evaporitic and restricted marine systems, indicating that the Transitional Sequence was deposited during relative increase of the eustatic sea level. At a 2nd order cycle, the Transitional Sequence may represent the initial deposition of a Transgressive Systems Tract, whose passage to a Marine Transgressive Sequence would also be marked by the drowning of the depositional systems. At a 3rd order cycle, the sequence boundary corresponds to a local unconformity that laterally grades to a widespread correlative conformity. This boundary surface corresponds to a breakup unconformity , being equivalent to the Pre-Albian Unconformity at the SBSE and contrasting with the outstanding Pre-upper Alagoas Unconformity at the base of the Transitional Sequence; the latter is alternatively referred, in the literature, as the breakup unconformity. This Thesis supports the Pre-Albian Unconformity as marker of a major change in the (Rift-Drift) depositional and tectonic setting at SBSE, with equivalent but also diachronous boundary surfaces in other basins of the Atlantic margin. The Pre-upper Alagoas Unconformity developed due to astenosphere uplift (heating under high lithospheric extension rates) and post-dates the last major fault pulse and subsequent extensive block erosion. Later on, the number and net slip of active faults significantly decrease. At deep to ultra deep water basin segments, seaward-dipping reflectors (SDRs) are unconformably overlain by the seismic horizons correlated to the Transitional Sequence. The SDRs volcanic rocks overly (at least in part) continental crust and are tentatively ascribed to melting by adiabatic decompression of the rising astenospheric mantle. Even though being a major feature of SBSE (and possibly of other basins), the Pre-upper Alagoas Unconformity do not correspond to the end of lithospheric extension processes and beginning of seafloor spreading, as shown by the crustal-scale extensional structures that post-date the Transitional Sequence. Based on this whole context, deposition of the Transitional Sequence is better placed at a late interval of the Rift Stage, with the advance of an epicontinental sea over a crustal segment still undergoing extension. Along this segment, sedimentation was controled by a combination of thermal and mechanical subsidence. In continuation, the creation of oceanic lithosphere led to a decline in the mechanical subsidence component, extension was transferred to the mesoceanic ridge and the newly-formed continental margin (and the corresponding Marine Sequence) began to be controlled exclusively by the thermal subsidence component. Classical concepts, multidisciplinary data and new architectural and evolutionary crustal models can be reconciled and better understood under these lines