Humanization of health care: a reflexive theoretical essay based on the philosophy of Emmanuel L��vinas

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Capacidade funcional de idosos institucionalizados com e sem doença de Alzheimer

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Healthcare-associated infections: challenges to public health in Brazil

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

O transtorno mental na percep����o de agentes comunit��rios de saúde na estrat��gia saúde da fam��lia

The Family Health Strategy facilitates user access to mental health actions. This study aimed to verify the community health agents��� perceptions of the Family Health Strategy about mental disorder. A qualitative study was conducted with 26 randomly selected community health agents, among the professionals of 13 units, which constitute the Family Health Strategy of Itapeva (SP). The community health agents responded to a personal information questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. Data were checked through content analysis. Stigmatizing perception of the mentally disturbed persons, lack of knowledge about the process of falling ill and the mental disorder evolution, and the unpreparedness to act in this population were observed. Capacitating agents enable them to contribute in a positive way to the effective functioning of a care net in mental health in the city.

Humaniza����o da saúde na forma����o de profissionais da fisioterapia

Introduction: the relationship between professional and patient oriented by humanization standards is a current issue in health research, since this relationship influences the processes of physical recovery, pain reduction and quality of life of individuals. However, this is not observed in most graduate programs in health, which emphasize knowledge and methods in the traditional Cartesian thinking. Objective: to evaluate the importance of contents and practices with a focus on issues of embodiment and alterity, from the perspective of the humanization of health in Physiotherapy courses. Method: we used a qualitative method and data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted by five randomly selected physiotherapists, aged between 23 and 36 years, with professional experience between two and thirteen years. The questions were on: physical therapy, physical therapist and patient relationship, work pace, involvement in trade associations, field and insert content and practices of the humanization of health in undergraduate courses. Result: the Physiotherapy graduate courses do not prepare the professional to take a close bond with patients. The application of techniques and protocols are focused on knowledge and do not apply to skills related to living together. Conclusion: the curriculum of graduating courses in health should be revised to expand the capacity of the students to become a professional who take care of patients and act as mediator between techniques and protocols, from the perspective of humanization of health, which requires contents and procedures based on embodiment and alterity.

An��lise espacial da Leishmaniose Visceral Canina em Presidente Prudente ��� SP: abordagem geogr��fica da saúde ambiental

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

N��veis de sobrecarga, ansiedade e depress��o de cuidadores de pacientes com doença de Alzheimer participantes e n��o participantes de grupos de apoio

Currently , as a result of the significant increase in the number of elderly, one can observe an increase in the number of chronic diseases , among them Alzheimer's disease (AD) , which affects both patients and their caregivers , that due care with the patient , just overwhelmed , anxious and depressed. Therefore, this study aims to draw a profile of caregivers of Alzheimer's patients, correlating the physical activity of patients with levels of overload, anxiety, depression caregivers. For both sample consisted of 40 patients with AD to characterize the physical activity levels and perform activities of daily living. In addition, we evaluated 40 caregivers. Patient assessment was made through a medical history, beyond the score Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), Mini - Mental State Examination (MMSE), Modified Baecke Questionnaire for Older Adults (MBQ) , Functional Activities Questionnaire PFEFFER (QAFP) , and the Self Perception Performance in Activities of Daily Living (EAPAVD). For assessing the caregiver was also used an interview, then the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), anxiety and depression scale (HAD) Scale and the Zarit caregiver burden (Zarit). The data were processed using descriptive procedures for the analysis of characterization of samples, such as cognitive screening and physical activity level and profile of caregivers. There was a normal distribution of the data using the Shapiro Wilk, For data with normal distribution were used parametric descriptive procedures using One Way ANOVA to compare groups and applying a post hoc Bonferroni. As for the data that showed the destruction not normal was used to standardize the test by Z -score , and then treated by means of parametric statistical procedures , as presented earlier . The Pearson correlation was used to identify possible associations between variables. It was assumed significance level of 5 % (p ��� 0.05) for all analyzes. Given these results, we conclude that...

Avalia����o da funcionalidade de atletas de basquete sobre rodas com les��o medular na perspectiva da Classifica����o Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF)

Introduction: Spinal cord injury occurs due to interuption in nerve stimuli and could caused from traumatic and non-traumatic illnes. After spinal cord, there are problems in personal life activities affecting ou modifying personal life and provoking impacts in his own life. International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Healthy (ICF) consider and analyse more than the illness ou injury and include informations about functionality in differents domains as activities, participation and enviroment. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate functionality wheelchair athlets with spinal cord injury using ICF. Metodology: For this research, it was evaluated 60 athlets with spinal cord injury who were practicing wheelchair basqketball, using the Checklist corresponding to the main ICF categories and othes Identity Protocol with personal datas, lesion time, lesion level and functional classification from bwheelchair basketball. Results: In analyses, we identify in quartis data, that in Body Fucntion, median was 56,67% from all athlets with light and moderate qualifications; In Body Strutucture, the median was 60% for light qualifications; in Activities and Participation, this median corresponded to 91% and in Enviroment Factors, 51,67% feel that this enviroment was facilitator... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Aspectos Nutricionais na Doença Renal Cr��nica em C��es

It is understood by Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) or Stage IV Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) the morbid state in which there is a substantial and irreversible loss of functional capacity, metabolic and endocrine function in both kidneys, leading to a framework of dehydration, azotemia, electrolyte imbalance, anemia, uremic syndrome, secondary hyperparathyroidism, among other conditions that make the patient's life without treatment unfeasible. An adequate nutritional support to patients with CKD at any stage aims to maintain a good clinical condition and an attempt to delay the progression of the disease. The basis of a diet for patients with CKD is the restriction in this protein being of high biological value, low-phosphorus, high energy density, fiber and antioxidants combined with a good dietary practices that allow the patient a good quality of life

Neurobiologia da doença de Alzheimer

A Doença de Alzheimer (DA) tem sido conceituada como uma doença de car��ter duplo, inicialmente por possuir um fenot��pico cl��nico centrado na presen��a de uma dem��ncia progressiva que inclui comprometimento da mem��ria como uma caracter��stica definitiva, al��m do envolvimento de outros dom��nios cognitivos ou habilidades. �� caracterizada tamb��m por altera����es neuropatol��gicas espec��ficas que incluem les��es intraneuronais (emaranhados neurofibrilares) e extracelulares (placas senis), que podem ser acompanhados por perda sin��ptica e dep��sitos vasculares amiloides (Dubois et al, 2010). A constata����o do processo neurodegenerativo se evidencia por meio da atrofia cerebral, especialmente, em hipocampo e c��rtex entorrinal constatada por neuroimagem (por exemplo, a resson��ncia magn��tica e tomografia computadorizada). Dentro desse conceito, esse estudo teve como objetivo fazer uma investiga����o geral com base na literatura especializada, com an��lise de artigos relevantes, referentes aos aspectos neurobiol��gicos associados �� Doença de Alzheimer. Foram abordados t��picos como: atrofia cerebral, processo neurodegenerativo, biomarcadores, neuroimagem (com foco na escala de Urs et al.,2009) e aspectos cl��nicos

Entendendo a press��o arterial

Este trabalho teve o objetivo elaborar e produzir uma cartilha informativa com no����es fisiol��gicas b��sicas envolvidas no controle da press��o arterial, bem como a descri����o da hipertens��o e preven����o destinadas a alunos a partir do Ensino M��dio, pois al��m da hipertens��o arterial ser uma doença cr��nica que se caracteriza pela eleva����o da press��o arterial sist��mica persistente e compor um dos fatores de risco cardiovasculares mais importantes e comuns, apresentando altos ��ndices de morbidade e mortalidade em todos os grupos populacionais, o conceito de press��o arterial e a import��ncia da manuten����o dos n��veis press��ricos normais devem ser difundidos, a fim de auxiliar no autocuidado com a saúde. Para a formula����o adequada da cartilha realizou - se um estudo pr��vio com 60 alunos de Ensino M��dio de uma escola municipal de Botucatu, e atrav��s de um question��rio avaliamos quantitativamente e qualitativamente por an��lise de conte��do: vocabul��rio, conceitos, interesse sobre press��o arterial e temas interligados. Os dados gerados na an��lise de conte��do propiciaram a formula����o da cartilha

F��stula infraorbit��ria associada �� doença periodontal em c��es

Veterinary Dentistry has grown considerably in recent years. This growth, associated to increase of knowledge among pet owners regarding responsible ownership of their pets, resulted in growing concern about the oral health of the animals that already can be observed at veterinary clinics. Among the oral diseases in dogs, infraorbital fistula, so called carnassial��� fistula, is a periapical osteolytic lesion of the fourth premolar (4 SPM), often associated with periodontal disease. In its early stages, is characterized clinically by a swelling in the region of the jawbone before the formation of the fistula and leakage of a liquid serosanguineous or purulent secretion. Because of these clinical features, it is often misdiagnosed as a skin condition unrelated to the teeth. It is very important to obtain intraoral radiographs to confirm the diagnosis for performing the most appropriate treatment, according to the cause of the injury

Efeitos de um programa de atividade f��sica sobre os sintomas depressivos e a qualidade de vida de idosos com dem��ncia de Alzheimer

A dem��ncia de Alzheimer (DA) constitui o tipo mais comum de dem��ncia. D��ficits de mem��ria caracterizam a doença e causam comprometimento de sua qualidade de vida. Sintomas depressivos s��o comuns na DA e associam-se a um contexto de perda da qualidade de vida. Atualmente a literatura apresenta poucos estudos envolvendo a tem��tica atividade f��sica na DA. O presente estudo poder�� orientar novas investiga����es acerca da DA e auxiliar profissionais da ��rea da saúde na orienta����o de cuidados para o paciente que visam reduzir sintomas depressivos e aumentar a qualidade de vida de pacientes e cuidadores. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar os efeitos da atividade f��sica sistematizada sobre os sintomas depressivos e a qualidade de vida de idosos com dem��ncia de Alzheimer e de seus cuidadores. Dezesseis sujeitos com diagn��stico de DA foram avaliados no in��cio e ap��s seis meses pelos testes: Mini-Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM), escala de qualidade de vida (EQV) e Escala de Depress��o em Geriatria (EDG). Seis participantes foram submetidos �� sess��es de um programa sistematizado de atividade f��sica a ser realizado 3 vezes por semana, com dura����o de 60 minutos, por um per��odo de 6 meses. Os demais formaram o grupo controle, que n��o realizou a interven����o motora. A an��lise dos dados consistiu da estat��stica descritiva, verifica����o da distribui����o dos dados por meio do teste de Shapiro Wilk. Foi utilizada a An��lise de Vari��ncia para medidas repetidas (ANOVA two-way) e o teste de correla����o de Pearson. Admitiu-se n��vel de signific��ncia de 5% (p<0,05) para todas as an��lises. A ANOVA mostrou uma intera����o significativa entre grupos e momentos. O coeficiente de correla����o de Pearson apontou que h�� rela����o entre as vis��es de qualidade de vida, e entre as mesmas e os sintomas...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletr��nico abaixo)

Estudo sobre a necessidade e prefer��ncia sobre orienta����es de enfermagem ao paciente oncol��gico adulto em quimioterapia

Most cancer types are treated by antineoplastic chemotherapy, which can be performed conjointly with other treatments, such as radiotherapy and surgery. Due to its action, chemotherapy provides the possibility of cure, but it also leads to a number of adverse effects, such as myelosuppression, cutaneous and gastrointestinal toxicity, etc. Patients undergoing chemotherapy must receive constant information concerning how to prevent or minimize these effects in order to achieve better quality of life and, consequently, a more successful treatment. Hence, this study aimed at investigating the need and preference for different forms of information by oncologic patients submitted to chemotherapy. It is a cross-sectional, descriptive and quantitative study conducted at the chemotherapy division of the Botucatu School of Medicine University Hospital/SP on a sample of 50 patients older than 18 years. After previous knowledge of the study and formalization of Free Consent, the individuals answered a questionnaire containing 12 questions related to the importance attributed to the information received, from which professional and when to receive it. Data were analyzed by Fisher���s exact test and showed that 62% of the patients were females, and the remaining 38% were males of whom 46% were older than 60 years, 26% were from 50 to 60 years old, 24% from 30 to 50, and only 4% were younger than 30 years old. The patients had lymphatic (23.4%) and solid (76.6%) tumors. All the respondents reported that receiving information about the disease and its treatment was extremely important. As regards information related to side effects, 98% of patients answered that receiving it was extremely important, and only 2% answered that it was little important. Correlations were made between age, gender, and tumor type with the answers obtained for the best moment, how and from whom to receive such informatio... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

A atividade f��sica na saúde mental: uma revis��o de literatura

Ao longo da hist��ria, a doença mental passou por diversos per��odos de cr��ticas rela����es com a pr��pria humanidade, exposta �� vulnerabilidade dos mitos e pr��-concep����es que motivaram a persegui����o e segrega����o daqueles seres humanos qualificados como ���insanos���. No Brasil, as primeiras interven����es espec��ficas de atendimento �� doença mental s�� ocorreram a partir da segunda metade do s��culo 19. Atualmente a doença mental representa um dos maiores gastos da rede do SUS (Sistema ��nico de Saúde) (Minist��rio da Saúde do Brasil, 1999). Nas ��ltimas d��cadas, a fim de diminuir o tempo de interna����o e o gasto com medicamentos, um conjunto de iniciativas surgiu como forma de transformar a compreens��o cultural e a rela����o da sociedade com as pessoas que apresentam transtornos mentais. Dentre as novas propostas humanizadoras de atendimento, a educa����o f��sica e, particularmente, o exerc��cio, vieram mostrar sua contribui����o nessa ��rea. Para Silva (1995), a atividade f��sica acarreta uma complexa rede de rea����es bioenerg��ticas no organismo e essas acabam por melhorar o rendimento f��sico e mental dos pacientes nas atividades de vida di��ria. Tendo em vista a relev��ncia da interven����o atrav��s da atividade f��sica no campo da doença mental, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar resultados dos estudos que demonstraram os benef��cios da atividade f��sica para indiv��duos com transtornos psiqui��tricos, considerando os aspectos fisiol��gicos e emocionais dos mesmos, atrav��s de revis��o da literatura cient��fica. Para isso, foi feito um levantamento nas principais bases de dados atrav��s do cruzamento de palavras chaves, tais como ���saúde mental e atividade f��sica���, ���doença mental e atividade f��sica���, ���esquizofrenia e atividade f��sica���, ���transtorno psiqui��trico e atividade f��sica���, ���transtorno bipolar e atividade f��sica���. Os resultados dos estudos revelaram que a atividade f��sica possui...