1000 resultados para agente de controle biológico


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Streptococcus suis is considered worldwide as one of the pathogens of biggest health and economic impact in the swine industry. Among the serotypes described as zoonotic, serotype 2 is the most frequently isolated from diseased animals and humans in most countries. The study of the epidemiology of S. suis infections in Brazil is important and may help in the development of effective control measures. The aim of this study was to conduct a critical review of Brazilian literature, with support of the world literature, addressing the diagnosis of the agent and its prevalence in clinically ill animals and healthy carriers, especially regarding to the prevalence of the serotype 2 in the country.

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The chemical control of the causal agent of citrus black spot (CBS) has been highlighted for the excessive required number of sprayings, considerably increasing citrus production costs. Improvements in the spray efficiency and reductions in the quantity of phytosanitary products have already been searched, but the results of that practice are not consistent yet for its use at commercial scale. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the interference of reduced spray volumes in black spot control in citrus fruits. The experiment was carried out in commercial citrus orchard with 16-year-old plants of 'Valencia' variety, during 2007 agricultural season. Treatments consisted of three spray volumes: 3.5; 4.5 and 8.5 liters.plant-1, applied with Arbus 2000/Export airblast sprayer with special manifold of hydraulic nozzles, using fungicides and periods recommended for the disease control, totaling four sprayings plus a control treatment (without spray). The disease incidence and severity were evaluated by visual diagrammatic scale of notes in two different periods (preharvest and harvest), at three plant heights (low, middle and top) and three horizontal sections (entrance, frontal and exit) in two sides of the plant. The fallen fruits were counted every fifteen days, for previously selected plants, from the beginning of maturation to harvest, and the production was quantified (kg.plant-1). The disease incidence and severity were significantly lower when sprayings were done with 8.5 liters.plant-1 in the first evaluation period (pre-harvest), but in the harvest period there were not differences between the same parameters when 4.5 or 8.5 liters.plant-1 were sprayed. None of those treatments reduced the disease on the top section of plants, compared to control. The plant sections with fruits more exposed to sun rays, top and right side of the plant, demonstrated higher disease incidence and severity. The volume reduction from 8.5 to 4.5 liters.plant-1 can be adopted for citrus orchards without damaging the CBS control level.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

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Pós-graduação em Filosofia - FFC

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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In order to make a histological evaluation of the dental alveolus wound healing in presence of the Isradipine (Lomir/Sandoz Pharma), the new calcium channels blockers, forthy-eight albino rats were utilized. These animals were divided in two groups. The animals of group I were considered as control; in group II, after the dental extractions the rats received intraperitonial injections of 2,5 mg/Kg of isradipine, administered a single dose. From each group of animals were sacrificed at 3, 7, 14 and 21 post-operative days. The pieces were fixed, descalcified and embedded in paraffin. The blocks thus obtained were cut at 6 micrometers thick and sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for morphological study. According to the results obtained i t was verified that the treated animals did not alter of wound healing after dental extractions

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Photodynamic therapy, term introduced by von Tapeiner in 1900, can be defined as the administration of a non toxic drug, i.e., a dye, known as photosensitizer (FS), which subsequently will be illuminated with light of specific wavelength. PDT is based on the interaction among FS, oxygen and light, which through photochemical reactions cause cell death. The FS molecules must have a high probability to form the singlet state after the excitation, which can induce chemical changes in the neighborhood in two ways, called reactions type I and type II. The type II reaction is based on the exchange of energy to molecular oxygen, exciting it to its state of higher energy (singlet), which is highly reactive. The proposed mechanisms for cell death are linked to damage to the DNA, mitochondria and to the cytoplasmic membrane. Several pre‐clinical and clinical trials have been carried out and the PDT is already used in many countries for treatment mainly against certain types of cancer. The therapy also has been gaining strength in antimicrobial control, since the microorganisms have appeared increasingly resistant to current antibiotics. Another attempt to use the PDT is for the inactivation of macro‐organisms, such as micro‐crustaceans and mosquitoes. To this end I tested whether the photosensitizers methylene blue, rose Bengal and the chlorophyll a has insecticidal activity against the yellow fever and dengue vector mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Since these diseases have no effective treatments, its control is linked to the vector control, which has shown resistance to chemical pesticides used. Based on this, this work shows its importance, because it is a new type of mosquito control since all the photosensitizers used are low cost, do not generate toxic products at the concentrations used and showed good results in mortality. The best photosensitizer was rose Bengal... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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A identificação humana através da análise de DNA utiliza o perfil genético de um indivíduo baseado na combinação de diversos marcadores que são herdados de seus progenitores. Esses marcadores são geralmente diferenças nas sequências de DNA nuclear entre os indivíduos (polimorfismos). Em alguns casos, entretanto, a análise do DNA nuclear não pode ser aplicada, isso ocorre quando o DNA da amostra apresenta-se degradado ou em casos onde o material biológico não apresenta o DNA nuclear. Nestes casos, a análise do DNA mitocondrial (DNA mt) é o método de escolha (PANETO, 2010). O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar os polimorfismos presentes na região controle do DNA mt em 60 indivíduos, residentes na região da Grande São Paulo, para utilização na identificação humana. A extração de sangue foi realizada utilizando o FTA Reagente e a região controle do DNA mt foi amplificada por PCR e sequenciada em ambas as fitas utilizando o BigDye v.3.1. Posteriormente, as amostras foram submetidas à eletroforese capilar em sequenciador ABI 3500. As amostras foram analisadas estatisticamente e classificadas em haplogrupos. De um total de 57 amostras com seqüenciamento de qualidade, 56 haplótipos diferentes foram encontrados quando analisamos toda a região hipervariável do DNA mt. E a análise da região HV3 associada às outras regiões hipervariáveis aumentou o poder discriminatório entre os indivíduos Assim, pretende-se utilizar os resultados do projeto no auxílio da elucidação de casos forenses pela polícia científica

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Sabe-se que na atualidade, é grande a preocupação da comunidade científica mundial, em relação à resistência microbiana frente às substâncias convencionais, utilizadas indiscriminadamente, por isso, é crescente a motivação da pesquisa básica na bioprospecção de novas substâncias, que apresentem atividade antimicrobiana e antifúngica e que possam ser uma alternativa segura e eficaz contra esses microorganismos no tratamento das doenças causadas por eles. As dermatofitoses, por exemplo, são processos infecciosos de pele, pêlo e unhas que acometem muitas pessoas, de todas as faixas etárias, no mundo todo, provocando as chamadas tinhas ou tineas, denominadas corporis, pedis, cruris, capitis, unguium(onicomicose) e outras (dependendo o local do corpo onde estão), causadas pelo dermatófito filamentoso, Trichophyton rubrum. Estudos envolvendo este patógeno são cada vez mais importantes, devido ao aparecimento de linhagens resistentes aos medicamentos antifúngicos disponíveis no mercado, e ao comportamento invasivo deste agente em pacientes com o sistema imune comprometido. Porém, somente a descoberta de novas drogas não é suficiente, é preciso desenvolver produtos eficazes e seguros, que possam veicular essas substâncias sem causar prejuízo ao paciente. Sendo assim, a proposta desse trabalho é desenvolver uma emulsão A/O, contendo óleo essencial de Melaleuca alternifolia (TTO), verificar sua estabilidade preliminar e caracterizá-la realizando o estudo reológico da formulação, determinar a concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e a concentração fungicida mínima (CFM) do TTO e averiguar a atividade antifúngica in vitro da emulsão frente ao T. rubrum, agente patogênico ao qual se destina o uso do produto