Migranten Und Internierte:Deutsche in Glasgow, 1864-1918

Für deutsche Migranten des 19. Jahrhunderts war Großbritannien eines der wichtigsten Zielländer innerhalb Europas. Zum ersten Mal wird eine der zahlreichen deutsch-ethnischen Kolonien einer mikrohistorischen Untersuchung unterzogen. Die Perspektive erlaubt quellengestützt genauere Aussagen zu Themenkomplexen wie Wanderungsverhalten, Berufsstruktur oder ethnischer Selbstorganisation. In Glasgow bildete sich ein dichtes Netz an ethnischen Vereinigungen, das sich nach Kriegsausbruch unter dem germanophoben Druck der britischen Öffentlichkeit sowie staatlichen Maßnahmen wie Internierung, Repatriierung oder Enteignung fast vollständig auflöste. Die Glasgower Fallstudie wird durch zahlreiche Querverweise auf andere Regionen und Länder in einen größeren migrationsgeschichtlichen Rahmen eingeordnet. German migrants of the 19th century. Century Britain was one of the main destination countries within Europe. One of the many German ethnic colonies of a micro historical investigation is subjected for the first time. The perspective allows more detailed statements on topics such as migratory behavior, occupational structure or ethnic self-organization source based. A dense network of ethnic associations that almost completely disbanded after war germanophoben pressure from the British public and Government measures such as detention, repatriation or expropriation was formed in Glasgow. The Glasgow case study are classified by numerous cross-references to other regions and countries within a larger migration history.

Nationalism gone global:the Hauptverband Deutscher Flottenvereine im Auslande 1898-1918

The Wilhelmine battle fleet was a powerful symbol of national strength and unity not only within the Reich but also in German ethnic communities abroad. A global network of 179 navy clubs with 9,500 members (1913) was coordinated by the Berlin-based Central League for German Navy Clubs Abroad (Hauptverband Deutscher Flottenvereine im Auslande). Its aims were the collection of migrants’ money for concrete navy projects and the promotion of allegiance to the Reich and of ethnic cohesion abroad. The article analyses German navy campaigning within a transnational framework and supports the view that migrants were discursively drawn into Imperial Germany’s global aspirations as outposts of ‘Germanness’ abroad. Existing scholarship, however, tends to look at them as passive objects of a discourse conducted within Germany, as a canvas onto which (semi-)colonial fantasies could be projected. This article argues, rather, that ‘Germans abroad’ could also be active participants within a transnationally conducted and multi-directional discourse. They did not necessarily defy nationalist assumptions but could, in fact, be deeply embedded in the construction of these assumptions.

Promoting the German navy in the British Empire:the Central League for German Navy Clubs Abroad 1898-1918

German unification in 1871 not only changed the political, economic and geographical landscape of the country, it also had a significant impact on those Germans who found themselves living outside, or migrating across, the borders of the newly founded Empire. It also focuses on the activities of the Central League in Britain and its Empire. For comparative reasons, some areas outside the Empire also included. Within Britain, five local branches can be identified during the period 1898 to 1914: London, Birmingham, Newcastle, Glasgow, and Edinburgh-Leith. For London, membership numbers obtained, but judging by annual contributions this branch appears strongest in Britain. The article has shown that researching the activities of the Central League in Britain and its Empire can add valuable insights to the mechanics of transnational ethnic network creation, as well as to the nature of potentially frictional contact zones between German migrants and British colonial rule.

America in global context:German entrepreneurs around the world (1871-1918)

The United States was undoubtedly the most important, but by no means the only country of destination for German immigrant entrepreneurs. German industrialists, merchants, and other entrepreneurs could be found in virtually all world regions where international trade or local markets promised satisfactory returns. They were globally dispersed manifestations – and motors – of Germany’s expanding economy between unification in 1871 and the First World War.

Atlantic Ais in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries: Maritime Adaptation, Indigenous Wrecking, and Buccaneer Raids on Florida’s Central East Coast

The Ais were a Native American group who lived along the Atlantic shoreline of Florida south of Cape Canaveral. This coastal population’s position adjacent to a major shipping route afforded them numerous encounters with the Atlantic world that linked Europe, Africa, the Caribbean, and the Americas. Through their exploitation of the goods and peoples from the European shipwrecks thrown ashore, coupled with their careful manipulation of other Atlantic contacts, the Ais polity established an influential domain in central east Florida during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The pre-contact peoples of Florida’s east coast, including the ancestors of the Ais, practiced a maritime adaptation concentrated on the exploitation of their bountiful riverine, estuarine, and marine environments. The Ais then modified their maritime skills to cope with the opportunities and challenges that accompanied European contact. Using their existing aquatic abilities, they ably salvaged goods and castaways from the Spanish, French, English, and Dutch vessels dashed on the rocks and reefs of Florida’s coast. The Ais’ strategic redistribution of these materials and peoples to other Florida Native Americans, the Spaniards of St. Augustine, and other passing Europeans gained them greater influence. This process, which I call indigenous wrecking, enabled the Ais to expand their domain on the peninsula. Coastal Florida Native Americans’ maritime abilities also attracted the attention of Europeans. In the late seventeenth century, English buccaneers and salvagers raided Florida’s east coast to capture indigenous divers, whom they sent to work the wreck of a sunken Spanish treasure ship located in the Bahamas. The English subsequently sold the surviving Native American captives to other Caribbean slave markets. Despite population losses to such raids, the Ais and other peoples of the east coast thrived on Atlantic exchange and used their existing maritime adaptation to resist colonial intrusions until the start of the eighteenth century. This dissertation thus offers a narrative about Native Americans and the Atlantic that is unlike most Southeastern Indian stories. The Ais used their maritime adaptation and the process of indigenous wrecking to engage and exploit the arriving Atlantic world. In the contact era, the Ais truly became Atlantic Ais.

As minudências da Biblioteca Olegário Vale (Caicó – RN, 1918-1920)

ARAÚJO, M. M. ; MEDEIROS, M. D. . AS minundências da Biblioteca Olegário Vale (Caicó - RN, 1918-1920). Educação em Questão, v. 31, p. 186-208, jan./abr. 2008

A City's Toys: Theatre in Birmingham 1914-1918

This chapter provides a wide-ranging account of theatre in Birmingham, the UK’s second largest city. As a vital centre for the production of mass armaments and vehicles essential for the war effort, Birmingham was home to a rapidly expanding and socially diverse population. I show how theatres overcame wartime constraints to reflect that diversity with examples drawn from the popular entertainment provided by the city’s music halls, variety and melodrama theatres contrasted with the more decorous touring plays, musicals and spectacular home-grown pantomimes enjoyed at the prestigious Theatre Royal and Prince of Wales. The dogged attempts by the recently-established Birmingham Repertory Theatre to sustain an artistically and intellectually ambitious programme of new and classic drama also reveal a more complex response to the effects of war.

Parallel ruptures: Jews of Bessarabia and Transnistria between Romanian nationalism and Soviet communism, 1918-1940

“Parallel Ruptures: Jews of Bessarabia and Transnistria between Romanian Nationalism and Soviet Communism, 1918-1940,” explores the political and social debates that took place in Jewish communities in Romanian-held Bessarabia and the Moldovan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic during the interwar era. Both had been part of the Russian Pale of Settlement until its dissolution in 1917; they were then divided by the Romanian Army’s occupation of Bessarabia in 1918 with the establishment of a well-guarded border along the Dniester River between two newly-formed states, Greater Romania and the Soviet Union. At its core, the project focuses in comparative context on the traumatic and multi-faceted confrontation with these two modernizing states: exclusion, discrimination and growing violence in Bessarabia; destruction of religious tradition, agricultural resettlement, and socialist re-education and assimilation in Soviet Transnistria. It examines also the similarities in both states’ striving to create model subjects usable by the homeland, as well as commonalities within Jewish responses on both sides of the border. Contacts between Jews on either side of the border remained significant after 1918 despite the efforts of both states to curb them, thereby necessitating a transnational view in order to examine Jewish political and social life in borderland regions. The desire among Jewish secular leaders to mold their co-religionists into modern Jews reached across state borders and ideological divides and sought to manipulate respective governments to establish these goals, however unsuccessful in the final analysis. Finally, strained relations between Jews in peripheral borderlands with those at national/imperial cores, Moscow and Bucharest, sheds light on the complex circumstances surrounding the inclusion versus exclusion debates at the heart of all interwar European states and the complicated negotiations that took place within all minority communities that responded to state policies.

As minudências da Biblioteca Olegário Vale (Caicó – RN, 1918-1920)

ARAÚJO, M. M. ; MEDEIROS, M. D. . AS minundências da Biblioteca Olegário Vale (Caicó - RN, 1918-1920). Educação em Questão, v. 31, p. 186-208, jan./abr. 2008

Inge Hansen-Schaberg: Minna Specht - Eine Sozialistin in der Landerziehungsheimbewegung (1918 bis 1951). Untersuchung zur pädagogischen Biographie einer Reformpädagogin. (Studien zur Bildungsreform. Bd. 22). Frankfurt a.M./Bern: Lang 1992 [Rezension]

Rezension von: Inge Hansen-Schaberg: Minna Specht - Eine Sozialistin in der Landerziehungsheimbewegung (1918 bis 1951). Untersuchung zur pädagogischen Biographie einer Reformpädagogin. (Studien zur Bildungsreform. Bd. 22). Frankfurt a.M./Bern: Lang 1992, 406 S.

Burkhard Poste: Schulreform in Sachsen 1918-1923. Eine vergessene Tradition deutscher Schulgeschichte. (Studien zur Bildungsreform. Bd. 20.) Frankfurt a.M./Bern: Lang 1993 [Rezension]

Rezension von: Burkhard Poste: Schulreform in Sachsen 1918-1923. Eine vergessene Tradition deutscher Schulgeschichte. (Studien zur Bildungsreform. Bd. 20.) Frankfurt a.M./Bern: Lang 1993, 654 S.

Setúbal e a Primeira Guerra Mundial (1914-1918)

A presente dissertação é circunscrita no espaço e no tempo, tendo como objecto de estudo fundamental o concelho de Setúbal durante a I Guerra Mundial (1914-1918). Enquadrando historicamente os impactos do conflito no contexto nacional, Setúbal é revisitada entre os finais de oitocentos e os primórdios do século XX a fim de retratar política, económica, social e culturalmente um dos maiores centros urbanos portugueses dos finais da Monarquia Constitucional e do início da I República. Numa lógica de impactos políticos e económico-sociais, esta investigação promove o redescobrir das vivências quotidianas de Setúbal durante um dos períodos mais negros da História da Humanidade. Através do estudo dos mecanismos de acção e intervenção municipais, bem como dos resultados eleitorais e dinâmicas políticopartidárias locais, transmite-se como foram vividos acontecimentos marcantes da vida pública de Portugal, nomeadamente o 14 de Maio de 1915 e o coup d’état sidonista, realçando como dimensões operárias anárquicas e sindicalistas conviviam com grupos conservadores, católicos e monárquicos. Num plano de economia de guerra, o mundo agrícola é abordado em diferentes sectores, nomeadamente na laranja, na cortiça e nos vinhos, dando maior atenção às questões relacionadas com a decadência da fruta e à abertura de novos mercados exportadores, como o Brasil, pela Casa José Maria da Fonseca. A indústria de conservas de peixe, que viveu um boom neste período como resultado da intensa procura externa dos países aliados que tinham nas latas de conserva o alimento das tropas nas trincheiras, representa outro foco de análise deste trabalho. Consequentemente aborda-se o papel da estrutura portuária local na resposta às necessidades de consumo britânicas, francesas e italianas. Por fim, os impactos sociais do conflito em Setúbal constituem um dos enunciados desta investigação, compreendendo como o estudo de uma imprensa dividida na questão intervencionismo versus anti-intervencionismo reflectiu um concelho que viveu como poucos a crise de abastecimentos e a carestia de vida. A proliferação de greves, manifestações contra a guerra, as deserções militares e os assaltos colectivos representam o culminar de um vulcão que entrou em erupção e que ainda sofreu as agruras da epidemia da gripe pneumónica até ao final do ano de 1918.