[Illustrations de Le Faust] / Tony Johannot, dess. ; Goethe, aut. du texte

Comprend : [Portrait en frontispice : portrait de l'auteur, Goethe.] Goethe. [Cote : m Yh 26/Microfilm R 132779] ; [Vignette à la Page de Titre : Marguerite et Faust.] [Cote : m Yh 26/Microfilm R 132779] ; [Vignette p.103. Partie I. : Faust rencontre Méphistophélès. Au loin, Marguerite.] [Cote : m Yh 26/Microfilm R 132779] ; [Pl. en reg. p.120. Partie I. :] Faust et Méphistophélès. Salut au savant dicteur! Vous m'avez rudement fait suer. [Cote : m Yh 26/Microfilm R 132779] ; [Pl. en reg. p.138. Partie I. :] Méphistophélès et Siebel. Sorcellerie! tombez sur lui, le drôle est condamné. [Cote : m Yh 26/Microfilm R 132779] ; [Pl. en reg. p.152. Partie I. :] Marguerite. Ah regardez-là! admirez-là! [Cote : m Yh 26/Microfilm R 132779] ; [Pl. en reg. p.159. Partie I. :] Faust et Marguerite. Qu'est cela? un bouquet! Non, un simple jeu. [Cote : m Yh 26/Microfilm R 132779] ; [Pl. en reg. p.167. Partie I. :] Lieschen. Oui-dà! Sybille me l'a dit aujourd'hui, elle a finie, elle aussi, par se laisser séduire. [Cote : m Yh 26/Microfilm R 132779] ; [Pl. en reg. p.170. Partie I. :] Faust. Voici mon lourdeau apprivoisé! Maintenat, au large! et tâchons de nous éclipser lestement; car j'entends déjà crier au meutre. [Cote : m Yh 26/Microfilm R 132779] ; [Pl. en reg. p.192. Partie I. :] Marguerite et Faust. Henri, tu me fais horreur! [Cote : m Yh 26/Microfilm R 132779] ; [Pl. en reg. p.225. Partie II. :] Faust. O prodige! elle grandit entre mes mains, elle s'enflamme, des éclairs en jaillissent! [Cote : m Yh 26/Microfilm R 132779] ; [Pl. en reg. p.338. Partie II. :] Les anges et Marguerite. Alors la pécgeresse se répand en actions de gra^ces aux pieds de la mère de Dieu. [Cote : m Yh 26/Microfilm R 132779]

Plant-available soil water capacity: estimation methods and implications

The plant-available water capacity of the soil is defined as the water content between field capacity and wilting point, and has wide practical application in planning the land use. In a representative profile of the Cerrado Oxisol, methods for estimating the wilting point were studied and compared, using a WP4-T psychrometer and Richards chamber for undisturbed and disturbed samples. In addition, the field capacity was estimated by the water content at 6, 10, 33 kPa and by the inflection point of the water retention curve, calculated by the van Genuchten and cubic polynomial models. We found that the field capacity moisture determined at the inflection point was higher than by the other methods, and that even at the inflection point the estimates differed, according to the model used. By the WP4-T psychrometer, the water content was significantly lower found the estimate of the permanent wilting point. We concluded that the estimation of the available water holding capacity is markedly influenced by the estimation methods, which has to be taken into consideration because of the practical importance of this parameter.

Agregação de um latossolo vermelho-amarelo submetido a métodos de controle de plantas invasoras na cultura do café

O controle de plantas daninhas em cultivos de cafeeiros tem expressivo efeito na qualidade física do solo, influenciando, entre outros atributos, na sua estabilidade estrutural. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar o estado de agregação das partículas primárias de um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo (LVA) cultivado com cafeeiros, quando submetido a diversos métodos de controle de plantas invasoras. Os métodos de controle de plantas invasoras avaliados foram: manutenção da entrelinha coberta com amendoim-forrageiro (Arachis pintoi L.) e capim-braquiária (Brachiaria decumbens); controle mecânico com grade, roçadora, trincha e capina manual; controle químico com herbicidas de pós e pré-emergência; e ausência de controle, mantendo a entrelinha sem capina. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados em um fatorial 9 × 2 em parcelas subdivididas, sendo nove métodos de controle e duas profundidades do solo (0-15 e 15-30 cm), com três repetições. Determinaram-se a estabilidade dos agregados em água, expressa pelo diâmetro médio geométrico, o potencial dispersivo da fração argila, estimado pelos teores de argila dispersa em água e do índice de floculação, além dos teores de matéria orgânica do solo. Os atributos avaliados foram influenciados pelos diferentes métodos de controle, contudo essa influência não foi dependente da camada de solo amostrada. A utilização contínua de grade e herbicida de pré-emergência no controle de invasoras na cultura do café diminuiu a agregação das partículas do solo, confirmado pelos menores valores de diâmetro médio geométrico. Os métodos biológicos de controle das invasoras mantiveram melhor estado de agregação das partículas do solo. O estado de agregação das partículas não mostrou-se associado à dispersibilidade da fração argila do solo.

Effect of potassium sources on the antioxidant activity of eggplant¹

Potassium participates in the essential processes in plant physiology, however, the effects of K sources on plant metabolism have been little studied. Also, in certain cases, K sources and concentrations may cause undesirable effects, e.g., soil salinization. The objective was to evaluate the effect of K sources and levels on the enzyme activity of the antioxidant system and protein content in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) leaves and to determine the most suitable K sources for these physiological characteristics. The experiment was conducted in randomized blocks, in a 2 × 4 factorial design, consisting of two K sources (KCl and K2SO4) and rates (250, 500, 750, and 1000 kg ha-1 K2O), with four replications. The following variables were evaluated: plant height, number of leaves per plant, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and leaf protein content. There was an increase in CAT activity with increasing K levels until 30 days after transplanting (DAT), when K2SO4 was applied and until 60 DAT, when KCl was used; after this period, the enzyme activity decreased under both sources. The activity of SOD increased in the presence of KCl, but was reduced with the application of K2SO4. For both K sources, increasing rates reduced the protein content and number of leaves per plant, and this reduction was greater under KCl application. Thus it was concluded that KCl tends more strongly to salinize the soil than K2SO4. Both for KCl and for K2SO4, the increasing rates adversely affected the activities of CAT and SOD and the levels of leaf protein in eggplant. The potential of KCl to reduce the enzyme activity of SOD and CAT, leaf protein content and plant growth of eggplant was stronger than that of K2SO4.

MÉTODOS DE INDEXAÇÃO DE INDICADORES NA AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DO SOLO EM RELAÇÃO À EROSÃO HÍDRICA

A avaliação da qualidade dos solos agrícolas é importante para definição e adoção de práticas de manejo que garantam a sustentabilidade socioeconômica e ambiental. Os métodos de indexação dos indicadores de qualidade denominados Índice de Qualidade Integrado (IQI) e Índice de Qualidade Nemoro (IQN) foram utilizados neste estudo para avaliar a qualidade de solo em áreas experimentais de plantio de eucalipto. A seleção dos indicadores foi feita a partir de nove indicadores de qualidade do solo: diâmetro médio geométrico, permeabilidade à água, matéria orgânica, macro e microporosidade, volume total de poros, densidade do solo, resistência à penetração e índice de floculação, que estão relacionados à erosão hídrica. Os tratamentos constituíram de eucalipto plantado em nível, com e sem a manutenção dos resíduos, em desnível e solo descoberto, em dois biomas distintos, cujas vegetações nativas são Cerrado e Floresta. Os índices de qualidade do solo (IQS) apresentaram alta correlação com a erosão hídrica. Entre os sistemas manejados, o Eucalipto com manutenção do resíduo evidenciou valores mais elevados em ambos os índices, ressaltando-se a importância da cobertura vegetal e manutenção da matéria orgânica para conservação do solo e da água em sistemas florestais. Os IQS demonstraram alto coeficiente de correlação inversa com as perdas de solo e água. Em locais com as maiores taxas de erosão hídrica manifestaram também os menores valores de IQI e IQN. Assim, os índices testados permitiram avaliar com eficácia os efeitos dos manejos adotados sobre a qualidade do solo em relação à erosão hídrica.

GERENCIAMENTO DE SEDIMENTOS DO DESASSOREAMENTO DO RIO BELÉM NA ÁREA URBANA DE CURITIBA: UM ESTUDO DE CASO

Os sedimentos do rio Belém foram removidos, e a destinação incorreta deles pode provocar impactos ambientais e custos adicionais ao município. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as alternativas de destinação e uso de sedimentos removidos em desassoreamento do rio Belém em área urbana, com base na legislação ambiental brasileira. As avaliações de destinação, ou de uso ou de ambos, foram feitas a partir de uma avaliação química preliminar de contaminantes inorgânicos (Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Ni, Ag e Zn) e hidrocarbonetos aromáticos policíclicos (HAP) relacionada às atividades produtivas da região de contribuição do rio Belém. A avaliação das possíveis destinações e, ou, do uso do sedimento seguiu as normas e legislações ambientais brasileiras para diferentes matrizes, o que revelou ser complexa. Uma quantidade substancial de sedimentos pode ser usada para fins úteis, como solo, material de recuperação de áreas contaminadas, material de preenchimento de obras civis. Padrões ambientais específicos devem ser elaborados para discriminar usos e, ou, destinações de acordo com o desenvolvimento científico. Um protocolo de gerenciamento foi proposto, de forma a ser utilizado em futuras obras de desassoreamento.

Resíduo de Curtumes como Fonte de Nitrogênio para Trigo e Arroz em Sucessão

RESUMO O processo de estabilização necessário para o curtimento das peles, na indústria coureira, gera grande quantidade de resíduo sólido colagênico com elevado potencial poluidor. Esse resíduo contém elevado teor de nitrogênio, o que confere ao resíduo potencial para uso agrícola. Para avaliar a viabilidade da aplicação de rejeito da indústria do couro, como fonte nitrogenada para as culturas do trigo e arroz de sequeiro, foi implantado um experimento em casa de vegetação com cinco doses de N provenientes do colágeno (0, 225, 450, 675 e 900 mg kg-1) e três tratamentos adicionais (controle, ureia e ureia reposta no segundo cultivo). A aplicação de até 675 mg kg-1 de N via colágeno propiciou produção de matéria seca de plantas de trigo similar à aplicação de N mineral e maior massa de grãos de trigo em todas as doses estudadas (14 a 41 % superiores à aplicação de N mineral). Como fonte residual, a aplicação do colágeno proporcionou níveis de N no solo suficientes para obter massa de grãos de arroz nas doses mais elevadas (acima de 675 mg kg-1de N via colágeno), sem que os teores de Cr foliares sejam considerados tóxicos. O colágeno pode ser boa alternativa para a implantação da cultura do arroz após a colheita de trigo, sem prejuízos de produtividade e necessidade de reposição de fertilizantes nitrogenados, se aplicado na dose 675 mg kg-1 de N fornecido via colágeno.

Automatic selection of tidal volume, respiratory frequency and minute ventilation in intubated ICU patients as start up procedure for closed-loop controlled ventilation.

OBJECTIVE: Before a patient can be connected to a mechanical ventilator, the controls of the apparatus need to be set up appropriately. Today, this is done by the intensive care professional. With the advent of closed loop controlled mechanical ventilation, methods will be needed to select appropriate start up settings automatically. The objective of our study was to test such a computerized method which could eventually be used as a start-up procedure (first 5-10 minutes of ventilation) for closed-loop controlled ventilation. DESIGN: Prospective Study. SETTINGS: ICU's in two adult and one children's hospital. PATIENTS: 25 critically ill adult patients (age > or = 15 y) and 17 critically ill children selected at random were studied. INTERVENTIONS: To stimulate 'initial connection', the patients were disconnected from their ventilator and transiently connected to a modified Hamilton AMADEUS ventilator for maximally one minute. During that time they were ventilated with a fixed and standardized breath pattern (Test Breaths) based on pressure controlled synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (PCSIMV). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Measurements of airway flow, airway pressure and instantaneous CO2 concentration using a mainstream CO2 analyzer were made at the mouth during application of the Test-Breaths. Test-Breaths were analyzed in terms of tidal volume, expiratory time constant and series dead space. Using this data an initial ventilation pattern consisting of respiratory frequency and tidal volume was calculated. This ventilation pattern was compared to the one measured prior to the onset of the study using a two-tailed paired t-test. Additionally, it was compared to a conventional method for setting up ventilators. The computer-proposed ventilation pattern did not differ significantly from the actual pattern (p > 0.05), while the conventional method did. However the scatter was large and in 6 cases deviations in the minute ventilation of more than 50% were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of standardized Test Breaths allows automatic determination of an initial ventilation pattern for intubated ICU patients. While this pattern does not seem to be superior to the one chosen by the conventional method, it is derived fully automatically and without need for manual patient data entry such as weight or height. This makes the method potentially useful as a start up procedure for closed-loop controlled ventilation.

Minimal analytical characterisation of engineered nanomaterials need for hazard assessment in biological matrices

The safe and responsible development of engineered nanomaterials (ENM), nanotechnology-based materials and products, together with the definition of regulatory measures and implementation of "nano"-legislation in Europe require a widely supported scientific basis and sufficient high quality data upon which to base decisions. At the very core of such a scientific basis is a general agreement on key issues related to risk assessment of ENMs which encompass the key parameters to characterise ENMs, appropriate methods of analysis and best approach to express the effect of ENMs in widely accepted dose response toxicity tests. The following major conclusions were drawn: Due to high batch variability of ENMs characteristics of commercially available and to a lesser degree laboratory made ENMs it is not possible to make general statements regarding the toxicity resulting from exposure to ENMs. 1) Concomitant with using the OECD priority list of ENMs, other criteria for selection of ENMs like relevance for mechanistic (scientific) studies or risk assessment-based studies, widespread availability (and thus high expected volumes of use) or consumer concern (route of consumer exposure depending on application) could be helpful. The OECD priority list is focussing on validity of OECD tests. Therefore source material will be first in scope for testing. However for risk assessment it is much more relevant to have toxicity data from material as present in products/matrices to which men and environment are be exposed. 2) For most, if not all characteristics of ENMs, standardized methods analytical methods, though not necessarily validated, are available. Generally these methods are only able to determine one single characteristic and some of them can be rather expensive. Practically, it is currently not feasible to fully characterise ENMs. Many techniques that are available to measure the same nanomaterial characteristic produce contrasting results (e.g. reported sizes of ENMs). It was recommended that at least two complementary techniques should be employed to determine a metric of ENMs. The first great challenge is to prioritise metrics which are relevant in the assessment of biological dose response relations and to develop analytical methods for characterising ENMs in biological matrices. It was generally agreed that one metric is not sufficient to describe fully ENMs. 3) Characterisation of ENMs in biological matrices starts with sample preparation. It was concluded that there currently is no standard approach/protocol for sample preparation to control agglomeration/aggregation and (re)dispersion. It was recommended harmonization should be initiated and that exchange of protocols should take place. The precise methods used to disperse ENMs should be specifically, yet succinctly described within the experimental section of a publication. 4) ENMs need to be characterised in the matrix as it is presented to the test system (in vitro/ in vivo). 5) Alternative approaches (e.g. biological or in silico systems) for the characterisation of ENMS are simply not possible with the current knowledge. Contributors: Iseult Lynch, Hans Marvin, Kenneth Dawson, Markus Berges, Diane Braguer, Hugh J. Byrne, Alan Casey, Gordon Chambers, Martin Clift, Giuliano Elia1, Teresa F. Fernandes, Lise Fjellsbø, Peter Hatto, Lucienne Juillerat, Christoph Klein, Wolfgang Kreyling, Carmen Nickel1, and Vicki Stone.