Lack of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific interleukin-17A-producing CD4(+) T cells in active disease.

Protective immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is commonly ascribed to a Th1 profile; however, the involvement of Th17 cells remains to be clarified. Here, we characterized Mtb-specific CD4(+) T cells in blood and bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs) from untreated subjects with either active tuberculosis disease (TB) or latent Mtb infection (LTBI), considered as prototypic models of uncontrolled or controlled infection, respectively. The production of IL-17A, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 by Mtb-specific CD4(+) T cells was assessed both directly ex vivo and following in vitro antigen-specific T-cell expansion. Unlike for extracellular bacteria, Mtb-specific CD4(+) T-cell responses lacked immediate ex vivo IL-17A effector function in both LTBI and TB individuals. Furthermore, Mtb-specific Th17 cells were absent in BALs, while extracellular bacteria-specific Th17 cells were identified in gut biopsies of healthy individuals. Interestingly, only Mtb-specific CD4(+) T cells from 50% of LTBI but not from TB subjects acquired the ability to produce IL-17A following Mtb-specific T-cell expansion. Finally, IL-17A acquisition by Mtb-specific CD4(+) T cells correlated with the coexpression of CXCR3 and CCR6, currently associated to Th1 or Th17 profiles, respectively. Our data demonstrate that Mtb-specific Th17 cells are selectively undetectable in peripheral blood and BALs from TB patients.

Active strain and activation models in cardiac electromechanics

We present a model for mechanical activation of the cardiac tissue depending on the evolution of the transmembrane electrical potential and certain gating/ionic variables that are available in most of electrophysiological descriptions of the cardiac membrane. The basic idea consists in adding to the chosen ionic model one ordinary differential equation for the kinetics of the mechanical activation function. A relevant example illustrates the desired properties of the proposed model, such as delayed muscle contraction and correct magnitude of the muscle fibers' shortening.

Detection and characterization of hydraulically active fractures in a carbonate aquifer: Results from self-potential, temperature and fluid conductivity logging along a 260-m-deep borehole in the Combioula hydrothermal system in the southwestern Swiss Alps

A geophysical and geochemical study has been conducted in a fractured carbonate aquifer located at Combioula in the southwestern Swiss Alps with the objective to detect and characterize hydraulically active fractures along a 260-m-deep borehole. Hydrochemical analyses, borehole diameter, temperature and fluid electrical conductivity logging data were integrated in order to relate electrokinetic self-potential signals to groundwater flow inside the fracture network. The results show a generally good, albeit locally variable correlation of variations of the self-potential signals with variations in temperature, fluid electrical conductivity and borehole diameter. Together with the hydrochemical evidence, which was found to be critical for the interpretation of the self-potential data, these measurements not only made it possible to detect the hydraulically active fractures but also to characterize them as zones of fluid gain or fluid loss. The results complement the available information from the corresponding litholog and illustrate the potential of electrokinetic self-potential signals in conjunction with temperature, fluid electrical conductivity and hydrochemical analyses for the characterization of fractured aquifers, and thus may offer a perspective for an effective quantitative characterization of this increasingly important class of aquifers and geothermal reservoirs.

Practical Data Collection: Establishing Methods and Procedures for Measuring Water Clarity and Turbidity of Storm Water Run-Off from Active Major Highway Construction Sites, 2014

In anticipation of regulation involving numeric turbidity limit at highway construction sites, research was done into the most appropriate, affordable methods for surface water monitoring. Measuring sediment concentration in streams may be conducted a number of ways. As part of a project funded by the Iowa Department of Transportation, several testing methods were explored to determine the most affordable, appropriate methods for data collection both in the field and in the lab. The primary purpose of the research was to determine the exchangeability of the acrylic transparency tube for water clarity analysis as compared to the turbidimeter.

[Archives de la Parole]. , [Salona Re Balam Mora] : Jman Kalgan [i.e. Aiman Kalyan] (Hindustani Song) / William Sinkler Darby, collecteur ; Jazal Hossein Khan [i.e. Fazal Hussain Khan], chant ; accompagnement instrumental (harmonium indien, tablâ)

[Traditions. Asie. Inde]

[Archives de la Parole]. , Hackani (Hindustani Song) / William Sinkler Darby, collecteur ; [Miss] Hingan Bai, chant ; accompagnement instrumental (harmonium indien, tabla et flûte)

[Traditions. Asie. Inde]

[Archives de la Parole]. , Gour sarang (Hindustani Song) [sic] / William Sinkler Darby, collecteur ; Neekunjo Bebary Dutt [i.e. Babu Nikunja Behari Dutt], chant ; accompagnement instrumental (tabla, flûte et harmonium indien)

[Traditions. Asie. Inde]

[Archives de la Parole]. , Jhijit khambag (Hindustani Song) / William Sinkler Darby, collecteur ; Dijendra Nath Bagchi [i.e. Babu Dejendra Nath Bagchi], chant ; accompagnement instrumental (tablâ, flûte et harmonium indien)

[Traditions. Asie. Inde]

[Archives de la Parole]. , Bhairobi (Hindustani Song) / William Sinkler Darby, collecteur ; Abdool Gafoor [i.e. Ustad Abdul Gafur], chant ; accompagnement instrumental (tabla, flûte et harmonium?)

[Traditions. Asie. Inde]

[Archives de la Parole]. , Multan [i.e. Multani] (Hindustani Song) / William Sinkler Darby, collecteur ; Munah Khan [i.e. Munne Khan Kadar], chant ; accompagnement instrumental (harmonium indien, tablâ)

[Traditions. Asie. Inde]

[Archives de la Parole]. , Khambag (Bengali Comic Song) / William Sinkler Darby, collecteur ; Monamatha Nath Roy [i.e. Babu Manmatha Nath Ray], chant ; accompagnement instrumental (harmonium indien, tablâ)

[Traditions. Asie. Inde]

[Archives de la Parole]. , Jhijit (Bengali Song) / William Sinkler Darby, collecteur ; Dijendra Nath Bagchi [i.e. Babu Dejendra Nath Bagchi], chant ; accompagnement instrumental (tablâ, harmonium indien)

[Traditions. Asie. Inde]