870 resultados para Social network
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Many rural areas, in Sweden and worldwide, experience population decline where the young leave for education and work in urban areas. Employment has declined in several rural industries, such as agriculture, forestry, and fishing, while growing in other industries are often located in urban areas. Politicians and organizations have put much hope in tourism as a tool of rural development, but can tourism help reverse the rural out-migration trend among young adults? This paper explores how tourism affects young inhabitants perceptions of and affective bonds to a rural area in Sweden, the ski resort of Slen. Students from the 19931995 elementary school graduating classes were interviewed about their migration history, childhood, and view of and ties to Slen. The respondents experience that tourism contributes to a more vital community incorporating influences from elsewhere, but without eliminating the positive aspects of rural life. The regular flow of people tourists, seasonal workers, and entrepreneurs passing through Slen presents opportunities to extend ones social network that are widely appreciated by respondents. The high in and out mobility constitutes a key part of Slens character. Contributions from tourism such as employment, entertainment, leisure, and opportunities to forge new social relationships are available during the adult transition, the life phase when rural areas are often perceived as least attractive. Even though out-migration occurs in Slen, and some respondents still find Slen too small, tourism has clearly increased the available opportunities and contributed significantly to making Slen more attractive to young adults.
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Adoption of new cattle management practices by Indonesian smallholders occurs less as a technology transfer in the classical sense but rather as a series of conscious decisions by farming households weighing risks and resources as well as matching innovations to livelihood strategies. This paper uncovers the context of decisions and communication of innovations by way of social networks. The research looks at two geographically distinct cases where new cattle management practices have been introduced. We apply the lens of a common sense framework initially introduced by Clifford Geertz. Smallholder decisions are analysed within a socio-cultural context and a particular set of resources, risks and livelihood objectives. We show that the respective value placed on land, cattle and food security is central to adoption of new cattle management techniques. Far from accepting everything novel, smallholders are selective and willing to make changes to their farming system if they do not conflict with livelihood strategies. Innovations are communicated through a range of existing social networks and are either matched to existing livelihood strategies or perceived as stepping-stones out of agriculture.
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Les parents immigrants dun enfant en situation de handicap prsentent davantage de sources de vulnrabilit que dautres parents. Cette situation peut diminuer le temps disponible et altrer leur implication dans le programme de radaptation de leur enfant. Lobjectif de cette thse doctorale est de dterminer les attentes et les besoins en services de soutien formel de ces parents, afin de leur proposer une aide adapte leurs conditions de vie, et ceci, au fur et mesure que lenfant grandit. Dabord, une tude de la porte des crits scientifiques est mene dans le but de mieux cerner les connaissances existantes en lien avec le recours aux services de soutien par les parents immigrants (chapitre 1). Les vingt publications slectionnes indiquent que laide pour trouver de linformation savre la plus requise, que ce soit au sujet de la condition de lenfant, du fonctionnement sociosanitaire et ducatif du pays daccueil, ou encore des services de soutien. En outre, la transmission de ces informations peut se compliquer en cas de non-matrise de la langue du pays daccueil ou lorsque des interculturelles apparaissent entre les parents immigrants et les diffrents intervenants rencontrs. Quant au non-recours aux aides formelles, il semble principalement d linadquation entre laide concrte et les attentes des parents, au soutien informel reu, la mconnaissance des opportunits dobtenir des services daide destins aux parents, ou encore un puisement non ressenti. Compte tenu du nombre restreint dcrits scientifiques recenss, des entrevues semi-diriges sont conduites auprs de 28 parents immigrants dun enfant en situation de handicap dans la province du Qubec (Canada) dans le cadre dune recherche de plus grande envergure portant sur la communication avec les intervenants en petite enfance (chapitre 2). Le but de cette deuxime tude est de mieux saisir lutilisation des services de soutien formel par les parents immigrants et les facteurs influenant leurs choix. Il faut prciser que les propos recueillis restent trs centrs sur les services destins lenfant. Le soutien pour recevoir des informations et laccompagnement la dcision apparaissent comme les aides formelles les plus utilises par les participants, suivies du soutien lducation, de lcoute active et de laide financire. Cinq facteurs semblent guider le recours au soutien formel qui est destin aux parents, soit : (1) leur perception de la condition de leur enfant, (2) laccs linformation, (3) leurs stratgies et leur capacit dagir, (4) limplication du rseau informel, et (5) leur perception de leur besoin de services de soutien. Suite ces rsultats, de nouvelles entrevues semi-diriges sont menes auprs de huit parents immigrants denfants dges diffrents Montral et Qubec. Cette dmarche permet dapprofondir le thme du recours au soutien formel destin aux parents, et ce, au fur et mesure que lenfant grandit (chapitre 3). Le guide dentretien conu pour cette tude met lemphase sur les attentes et les besoins des parents immigrants afin datteindre un quilibre dans toutes les sphres de leur vie. Suite une analyse thmatique exploratoire du discours des parents et par lapplication dun modle de stress et de coping, sept principales sources de stress sont mises en vidence : (1) le parcours migratoire, (2) la condition de lenfant, (3) lorganisation sociosanitaire du pays daccueil, (4) linsertion professionnelle, (5) la relation de couple, (6) le rseau social, et (7) ltat de sant du parent. Afin de faire face ces circonstances difficiles, les parents immigrants recourent principalement de laide financire, du soutien pour obtenir des informations, de laccompagnement la dcision, de laide en ducation et pour le transport. La satisfaction exprime varie, notamment en raison des divergences entre les attentes et les services obtenus (soutien en ducation, coute active, services de garde), ainsi quen termes de quantit daide reue (soutien financier, informations, accompagnement la dcision). Un modle thorique original est propos afin dillustrer le contexte parental en termes dattentes, de besoins et de recours au soutien. Si certains moments de la vie de lenfant peuvent entraner un stress supplmentaire pour les parents (annonce du diagnostic, arrive lcole, transition lge adulte), le parcours migratoire semble davantage expliquer le recours aux aides formelles.
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The rise in population growth, as well as nutrient mining, has contributed to low agricultural productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). A plethora of technologies to boost agricultural production have been developed but the dissemination of these agricultural innovations and subsequent uptake by smallholder farmers has remained a challenge. Scientists and philanthropists have adopted the Integrated Soil Fertility Management (ISFM) paradigm as a means to promote sustainable intensification of African farming systems. This comparative study aimed: 1) To assess the efficacy of Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation Systems (AKIS) in East (Kenya) and West (Ghana) Africa in the communication and dissemination of ISFM (Study I); 2) To investigate how specifically soil quality, and more broadly socio-economic status and institutional factors, influence farmer adoption of ISFM (Study II); and 3) To assess the effect of ISFM on maize yield and total household income of smallholder farmers (Study III). To address these aims, a mixed methodology approach was employed for study I. AKIS actors were subjected to social network analysis methods and in-depth interviews. Structured questionnaires were administered to 285 farming households in Tamale and 300 households in Kakamega selected using a stratified random sampling approach. There was a positive relationship between complete ISFM awareness among farmers and weak knowledge ties to both formal and informal actors at both research locations. The Kakamega AKIS revealed a relationship between complete ISFM awareness among farmers and them having strong knowledge ties to formal actors implying that further integration of formal actors with farmers local knowledge is crucial for the agricultural development progress. The structured questionnaire was also utilized to answer the query pertaining to study II. Soil samples (0-20 cm depth) were drawn from 322 (Tamale, Ghana) and 459 (Kakamega, Kenya) maize plots and analysed non-destructively for various soil fertility indicators. Ordinal regression modeling was applied to assess the cumulative adoption of ISFM. According to model estimates, soil carbon seemed to preclude farmers from intensifying input use in Tamale, whereas in Kakamega it spurred complete adoption. This varied response by farmers to soil quality conditions is multifaceted. From the Tamale perspective, it is consistent with farmers tendency to judiciously allocate scarce resources. Viewed from the Kakamega perspective, it points to a need for farmers here to intensify agricultural production in order to foster food security. In Kakamega, farmers with more acidic soils were more likely to adopt ISFM. Other household and farm-level factors necessary for ISFM adoption included off-farm income, livestock ownership, farmer associations, and market inter-linkages. Finally, in study III a counterfactual model was used to calculate the difference in outcomes (yield and household income) of the treatment (ISFM adoption) in order to estimate causal effects of ISFM adoption. Adoption of ISFM contributed to a yield increase of 16% in both Tamale and Kakamega. The innovation affected total household income only in Tamale, where ISFM adopters had an income gain of 20%. This may be attributable to the different policy contexts under which the two sets of farmers operate. The main recommendations underscored the need to: (1) improve the functioning of AKIS, (2) enhance farmer access to hybrid maize seed and credit, (3) and conduct additional multi-locational studies as farmers operate under varying contexts.
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Entrepreneurship education has emerged as one popular research domain in academic fields given its aim at enhancing and developing certain entrepreneurial qualities of undergraduates that change their state of behavior, even their entrepreneurial inclination and finally may result in the formation of new businesses as well as new job opportunities. This study attempts to investigate the Colombian students entrepreneurial qualities and the influence of entrepreneurial education during their studies.
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El siguiente estudio de caso analiza la influencia de la llegada de la migracin infantil indocumentada centroamericana en la reformulacin de la poltica migratoria de Estados Unidos en el perodo 2010-2014. Enfocndose en el caso de Honduras para dar a conocer y analizar las causas que crean las dinmicas migratorias por parte de los menores, este trabajo analiza como la llegada de estas poblaciones genera ciertos efectos en el proceso de toma de decisin de las polticas internas de los Estados Unidos. Por un lado, para resaltar las caractersticas del fenmeno migratorio, se utilizan las teoras de redes sociales y la teora push and pull. Por otro, mediante los conceptos de Sensibilidad y Vulnerabilidad expuestos en la teora de la Interdependencia Compleja de las Relaciones Internacionales, como tambin el concepto de Seguridad Societal propuesto por Barry Buzan se estudia el nivel de influencia del fenmeno infantil en el gobierno norteamericano.
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El presente trabajo se realiz con el objetivo de tener una visin completa de las teoras del liderazgo, teniendo de este una concepcin como proceso y poder examinar las diversas formas de aplicacin en las organizaciones contemporneas. El tema es enfocado desde la perspectiva organizacional, un mundo igualmente complejo, sin desconocer su importancia en otros mbitos como la educacin, la poltica o la direccin del estado. Su enfoque tiene que ver con el estudio acadmico del cual es la culminacin y se enmarca dentro de la perspectiva constitucional de la Carta Poltica Colombiana que reconoce la importancia capital que tienen la actividad econmica y la iniciativa privada en la constitucin de empresas. Las diversas visiones del liderazgo han sido aplicadas de distintas maneras en las organizaciones contemporneas y han generado diversos resultados. Hoy, no es posible pensar en una organizacin que no haya definido su forma de liderazgo y en consecuencia, confluyen en el campo empresarial multitud de teoras, sin que pueda afirmarse que una sola de ellas permita el manejo adecuado y el cumplimiento de los objetivos misionales. Por esta razn se ha llegado a concebir el liderazgo como una funcin compleja, en un mundo donde las organizaciones mismas se caracterizan no solo por la complejidad de sus acciones y de su conformacin, sino tambin porque esta caracterstica pertenece tambin al mundo de la globalizacin. Las organizaciones concebidas como mquinas que en sentido metafrico logran reconstituirse sus estructuras a medida que estn en interaccin con otras en el mundo globalizado. Adaptarse a las cambiantes circunstancias hace de las organizaciones conglomerados en permanente dinmica y evolucin. En este mbito puede decirse que el liderazgo es tambin complejo y que es el liderazgo transformacional el que ms se acerca al sentido de la complejidad.
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El inters de esta disertacin es otorgar una respuesta a la fenomenologa del Lobo Solitario, que se alza como amenaza frente a los Estados, y es necesaria su correcta comprensin para poder contrarrestar sus efectos sobre la sociedad. De esta manera, se propone un debate entre los conceptos de terrorismo expuesto por un lado por Bruce Hoffman, y por el otro por Luis de la Corte Ibez, quienes aportarn herramientas de anlisis para lograr entender la fenomenologa. Para terminar proponiendo la teora de redes, expuesta por Arquilla y Ronfeldt y Charles Perrow, como mecanismo de solucin a la brecha conceptual existente, definiendo a los lobos solitarios a nivel operacional como nodos sin red, y a nivel de adoctrinamiento como redes de dbil acople.
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El principal objetivo de este trabajo de grado ha sido disear un plan estratgico de medios digitales para el lanzamiento de un nuevo producto para una compaa. En este trabajo, se han establecido parmetros como presupuesto, qu tipos de medios digitales sern usados y el porqu de ellos, se estableci las actividades por cada red social a usar y se muestra la relacin costo beneficio de realizar pauta publicitaria en redes sociales.
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Esta investigacin describe la situacin de cmo Youtube se ha convertido a partir de sus estrategias y plan de mercadeo en la plataforma nmero uno en variedad de clips de pelculas, vdeos musicales, video de blogs, entre otros; llegando a popularizarse como una red social. Las redes sociales han desarrollado una nueva forma de comunicar y son una herramienta fundamental para la creacin de conocimiento colectivo, es el caso de YouTube buscador de contenido audiovisual y red social que permite a millones de usuarios conectarse alrededor del mundo. Esta plataforma rompe las barreras culturales y de comunicacin que anteriormente existan a falta de internet. En este sentido se pretende analizar a YouTube desde una perspectiva administrativa enfocada en el rea de mercadeo.
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Despite its increasing relevance, corporate social responsibility (CSR) remains hobbled by problems, variously charged as being chameleon, vacuous or an utterly meaningless concept. One reason is the absence of an agreed upon normative basis underpinning CSR. This is in large part due to the concept lacking a universally accepted definition. This paper explores how the concept of CSR has evolved over time drawing from 110 definitions of the construct. Using co-word analysis of definitions from 1953 to 2014, the study maps how the structure of the definitions has evolved during the field's historical development. The research uncovers the key terms underpinning the phenomenon, the centrality of these terms as well as mapping their interrelationships and evolution. The findings suggest that, despite the profusion and definitional heterogeneity over the six decades of the development of the field, there are six recurrent, enduring dimensions that underpin the CSR concept. These dimensions are economic, social, ethical, stakeholders, sustainability and voluntary. This paper makes several contributions to the academic literature. The systematic, quantitative analysis of definitions brings an objectivity that previous qualitative bibliometric analyses of CSR have lacked. The time period selected is substantially longer than previous analyses and captures the complete historical evolution of the concept. Moreover, the analysis provides the basis for the development of a new, comprehensive, yet concise, definition of CSR that captures all six of the recurring dimensions underpinning the concept.
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ResumenHaciendo uso de la metodologa prosopogrfica y de un enfoque terico de redes sociales, el presente artculo se propone investigar el funcionamiento social del conocimiento, as como sus mecanismos de transmisin en la sociedad colonial de Costa Rica. Tambin se lleva a cabo una presentacin documental de las principales lneas de evolucin institucional de la educacin en la poca. Se llega as a constatar que el conocimiento estaba en manos de una estrecha red social de individuos conectados, enriquecidos y empoderados, que formaban parte de la elite poltica colonial, quienes lo vedaban sistemticamente a otros sectores sociales de la poca, y lo empleaban para apuntalar su posicin social.AbstractBy means of a prosopographic study and using a social networks theoretical approach, this article explores the social functions of knowledge, as well as its ways of transmission in the Costarican colonial society. A documented presentation of the main traits of the evolution of the formal education in the period is also offered. As a result, the work concludes that knowledge was in the hands of a very narrow social network structured with very well connected individuals, who were also rich and politically powerful. These individuals used their position and their monopoly of knowledge to impede access to it to other social groups of the time, using it, at the same time, as a tool to sustain their social position.
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Este proyecto pretende profundizar en algunos aspectos del funcionamiento institucional y poltico del Colegio de Espaa, como ente integrado en las redes polticas y sociales de la ciudad italiana, a travs del anlisis de sus relaciones con la familia Malvezzi a inicios de la Edad Moderna, un perodo caracterizado por la creacin y reforzamiento gradual de una red social conectada con el mundo hispano. Adems, se pretende sealar los canales de colaboracin y acuerdo recproco que el Colegio de San Clemente puso en marcha con distintos miembros de la aristocracia boloesa. Este estudio concibe el Colegio de Espaa como una institucin que va ms all de los lmites estrictamente universitarios y que desarrolla un rol poltico y econmico de primer nivel en el contexto local. Por otra parte, se interpretan las dinmicas del poder urbano en clave de red, dentro de la cual se entrecruzaban diversos intereses privados, familiares, clientelares y personales que tuvieron su repercusin en la esfera pblica. En resumen, se trata de ofrecer una visin amplia y rica del cuadro de relaciones de poder de la ciudad de Bolonia. El objetivo final es conocer las razones, lgicas y fases que han plasmado, reforzado y caracterizado los vnculos personales e institucionales entre la familia Malvezzi y el Colegio de Espaa.
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Gi da qualche anno si stati introdotti alla possibilit di vivere in un mondo virtuale; basta indossare un paio di visori di realt aumentata, virtuale e mista che riproducono nellambiente circostante oggetti che fisicamente non esistono. Negli ultimi mesi, inoltre, questa possibilit sta diventando sempre pi concreta con lintroduzione, da parte dei colossi dellinformatica, del concetto di "Metaverso": un universo parallelo completamente digitale dove sar possibile svolgere ogni attivit sociale. Lobiettivo di questa tesi quello di contribuire in piccola parte a questo enorme progetto creando una modalit di interazione tra utenti virtuale ma che si basa su comportamenti del tutto reali. A questo proposito il titolo dellelaborato : \textit{B-R1ING MoCap: registrazione e riproduzione dei movimenti umani su avatar 3D in realt aumentata}. Lo scopo del progetto quello di permettere a una persona di registrare un video in cui c un soggetto in movimento, salvare i movimenti del soggetto in un pacchetto dati e infine riprodurlo su un \textit{avatar} 3D che viene fatto agire in realt aumentata. Il tutto far parte di unapplicazione social network che permette linterazione tra utenti in questo modo. Un utente pu quindi registrare i movimenti umani e inviarli ad un altro utente che pu riprodurre il messaggio in realt aumentata tramite il suo smartphone. Viene introdotto cos un nuovo tipo di comunicazione digitale indiretta passando dalla comunicazione scritta, ormai salda da decenni nei messaggi, alla comunicazione orale, introdotta da qualche anno tramite i messaggi vocali, alla comunicazione gestuale resa possibile dal lavoro in oggetto. Le fasi principali del progetto sono state due: una in cui, dopo aver individuato la tecnica migliore, stato effettuato il "motion capture", unaltra in cui il movimento registrato stato trasformato in animazione per un soggetto 3D che viene visualizzata in realt aumentata.
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This dissertation adopts a multidisciplinary approach to investigate graphical and formal features of Cretan Hieroglyphic and Linear A. Drawing on theories which understand inscribed artefacts as an interplay of materials, iconography, and texts, I combine archaeological and philological considerations with statistical and experimental observations. The work is formulated on three key-questions. The first deals with the origins of Cretan Hieroglyphic. After providing a fresh view on Prepalatial seals chronology, I identify a number of forerunners of Hieroglyphic signs in iconographic motifs attested among the Prepalatial glyptic and material culture. I further identified a specific style-group, i.e., the Border and Leaf Complex, as the decisive step towards the emergence of the Hieroglyphic graphic repertoire. The second deals with the interweaving of formal, iconographical, and epigraphic features of Hieroglyphic seals with the sequences they bear and the contexts of their usage. By means of two Correspondence Analyses, I showed that the iconography on seals in some materials and shapes is closer to Cretan Hieroglyphics, than that on the other ones. Through two Social Network Analyses, I showed that Hieroglyphic impressions, especially at Knossos, follow a precise sealing pattern due to their shapes and sequences. Furthermore, prisms with a high number of inscribed faces adhere to formal features of jasper ones. Finally, through experimental engravings, I showed differences in cutting rates among materials, as well as the efficiency of abrasives and tools unearthed within the Quartier Mu. The third question concerns overlaps in chronology, findspots and signaries between Cretan Hieroglyphic and Linear A. I discussed all possible earliest instances of both scripts and argued for some items datable to the MM I-IIA period. I further provide an insight into the Hieroglyphic-Linear A dubitanda and criteria for their interpretation. Finally, I suggest four different patterns in the creation and diversification of the two signaries.
