993 resultados para Score reading introduction


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L'article se donne pour tâche d'introduire à la « pensée du politique » du philosophe français Claude Lefort, et surtout de marquer l'originalité de ce projet philosophique par rapport à la philosophie politique classique. Opposée au présupposé du réalisme normatif qui fonde la pensée classique, et basée au contraire sur la conviction que la signification est constitutive du social, la « pensée du politique » de Lefort prend la forme d'une interrogation de la diversité des formes de société. Ce biais interprétatif permet seul de retrouver une dimension normative

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Introduction : L'ostéoporose et/ou les fractures liées à la grossesse sont souvent sous-diagnostiquées. Nous rapportons 2 cas de fractures diagnostiquées peu après l'accouchement de 2èmes grossesses. Patientes. Cas 1. Patiente de 30 ans présentant des dorso-lombalgies à la fin de sa 2ème grossesse. Une IRM après l'accouchement montre 2 fractures vertébrales (L1 et L2). Densité minérale osseuse (DMO): T-score colonne: -3.9 DS, col fémoral -1.7 DS et hanche totale -0.6 DS. Cas 2. Patiente de 32 ans, présentant des douleurs fessières à la fin de sa 2ème grossesse. L'IRM pelvienne après l'accouchement montre une fracture de l'aile sacrée droite S1-S3 et de l'aile sacrée gauche S1.DMO: T-score colonne -1.4 DS, col fémoral 0.2 DS et hanche totale 0.0 DS. La microarchitecture est normale (TBS 1.429). Nous retenons dans le 1er cas le diagnostic d'une ostéoporose fracturaire liée à la grossesse. De l'ibandronate trimestriel iv est prescrit. Dans le 2ème cas, au vu de la DMO quasi normale, de la trabéculométrie normale et du site atypique de la fracture, nous concluons à une fracture non ostéoporotique sur augmentation du stress mécanique lié à la grossesse. Aucun traitement à visée osseuse n'est prescrit. Discussion : " L'ostéoporose " liée à la grossesse et à l'allaitement se manifeste le plus souvent par des fractures vertébrales non traumatiques pendant le 3ème trimestre de la 1ère grossesse ou durant le post-partum. Une DMO et un bilan à la recherche d'une cause secondaire sont indispensables. Cette pathologie est sous-diagnostiquée, car les douleurs dorsolombaires sont souvent mises sur le compte d'une hyperlaxité ligamentaire physiologique liée aux hormones. Les facteurs de risque sont les mêmes que pour une ostéoporose post-ménopausique. Les apports bas en calcium et en vitamine D3 ainsi qu'un capital osseux moindre à la fin de l'adolescence seraient des facteurs prédisposants. La DMO lombaire diminue de 7.6 +/-0.1%, celle du corps entier de 3.9 +/-0.1% pendant la grossesse et l'allaitement. Habituellement on assiste à une récupération de la DMO dans les mois qui suivent la fin de l'allaitement. Conclusion : Devant des douleurs rachidiennes en fin de grossesse il faut évoquer une fracture ostéoporotique liée à la grossesse. La densitométrie osseuse peut aider au diagnostic même s'il faut l'interpréter prudemment dans les mois qui suivent l'accouchement. Il n'y a pas de consensus concernant le traitement spécifique.

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Dans cette introduction, Valentine Robert propose de saisir les films mettant en scène l'acte de créer (et en particulier de peindre) dans une perspective historiographique et filmographique renouvelée. Postulant que filmer la création réactive une esthétique de « paragone », autrement dit une métadiscursivité plastique d'association et de réappropriation entre l'art représenté et l'art représentant, elle esquisse une histoire des genres et des théories du film sur l'art qui se cristallisent dans un corpus d'oeuvres à priori inclassables, telles que La Chute de la Maison Usher (Jean Epstein, 1928), The Rebel (Robert Day, 1960), L'Hypothèse du tableau volé (Raoul Ruiz, 1978), The Draughtsman's contract (Peter Greenaway, 1982), Portrait du peintre dans son atelier (Boris Lehman, 1985), Caravaggio (Derek Jarman, 1987), La Belle noiseuse (Jacques Rivette, 1991) ou El sol del membrillo (Victor Erice, 1992). Ces « fictions de création », sans appartenir traditionnellement à la catégorie documentaire des « films sur l'art », ont en effet ce point commun de révéler, par le jeu de la fiction, de la mise en abyme et de l'intermédialité, une véritable théorisation de la création.

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BACKGROUND: The only available score to assess the risk for fatal bleeding in patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) has not been validated yet. METHODS: We used the RIETE database to validate the risk-score for fatal bleeding within the first 3 months of anticoagulation in a new cohort of patients recruited after the end of the former study. Accuracy was measured using the ROC curve analysis. RESULTS: As of December 2011, 39,284 patients were recruited in RIETE. Of these, 15,206 had not been included in the former study, and were considered to validate the score. Within the first 3 months of anticoagulation, 52 patients (0.34%; 95% CI: 0.27-0.45) died of bleeding. Patients with a risk score of <1.5 points (64.1% of the cohort) had a 0.10% rate of fatal bleeding, those with a score of 1.5-4.0 (33.6%) a rate of 0.72%, and those with a score of >4 points had a rate of 1.44%. The c-statistic for fatal bleeding was 0.775 (95% CI 0.720-0.830). The score performed better for predicting gastrointestinal (c-statistic, 0.869; 95% CI: 0.810-0.928) than intracranial (c-statistic, 0.687; 95% CI: 0.568-0.806) fatal bleeding. The score value with highest combined sensitivity and specificity was 1.75. The risk for fatal bleeding was significantly increased (odds ratio: 7.6; 95% CI 3.7-16.2) above this cut-off value. CONCLUSIONS: The accuracy of the score in this validation cohort was similar to the accuracy found in the index study. Interestingly, it performed better for predicting gastrointestinal than intracranial fatal bleeding.

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To have an added value over BMD, a CRF of osteoporotic fracture must be predictable of the fracture, independent of BMD, reversible and quantifiable. Many major recognized CRF exist. Out of these factors many of them are indirect factor of bone quality. TBS predicts fracture independently of BMD as demonstrated from previous studies. The aim of the study is to verify if TBS can be considered as a major CRF of osteoporotic fracture. Existing validated datasets of Caucasian women were analyzed. These datasets stem from different studies performed by the authors of this report or provided to our group. However, the level of evidence of these studies will vary. Thus, the different datasets were weighted differently according to their design. This meta-like analysis involves more than 32000 women (≥50years) with 2000 osteoporotic fractures from two prospective studies (OFELY&MANITOBA) and 7 cross-sectional studies. Weighted relative risk (RR) for TBS was expressed for each decrease of one standard deviation as well as per tertile difference (TBS=1.300 and 1.200) and compared with those obtained for the major CRF included in FRAX®. Overall TBS RR obtained (adjusted for age) was 1.79 [95%CI-1.37-2.37]. For all women combined, RR for fracture for the lowest compared with the middle TBS tertile was 1.55[1.46-1.68] and for the lowest compared with the highest TBS tertile was 2.8[2.70-3.00]. TBS is comparable to most of the major CRF and thus could be used as one of them. Further studies have to be conducted to confirm these first findings.

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In principle, we should be glad that Eric Kmiec and his colleagues published in Science's STKE (1) a detailed experimental protocol of their gene repair method (2, 3). However, a careful reading of their contribution raises more doubts about the method. The research published in Science five years ago by Kmiec and his colleagues was said to demonstrate that chimeric RNA-DNA oligonucleotides could correct the mutation responsible for sickle cell anemia with 50% efficiency (4). Such a remarkable result prompted many laboratories to attempt to replicate the research or utilize the method on their own systems. However, if the method worked at all, which it rarely did, the achieved efficiency was usually lower by several orders of magnitude. Now, in the Science's STKE protocol, we are given crucial information about the method and why it is so important to utilize these expensive chimeric RNA-DNA constructs. In the introduction we are told that the RNA-DNA duplex is more stable than a DNA-DNA duplex and so extends the half-life of the complexes formed between the targeted DNA and the chimeric RNA-DNA oligonucleotides. This logical explanation, however, conflicts with the statement in the section entitled "Transfection with Oligonucleotides and Plasmid DNA" that Kmiec and colleagues have recently demonstrated that classical single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides with a few protective phosphothioate linkages have a "gene repair conversion frequency rivaling that of the RNA/DNA chimera". Indeed, the research cited for that result actually states that single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides are in fact several-fold more efficient (3.7-fold) than the RNA-DNA chimeric constructs (5). If that is the case, it raises the question of why Kmiec and colleagues emphasize the importance of the RNA in their original chimeric constructs. Their own new results show that modified single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides are more effective than the expensive RNA-DNA hybrids. Moreover, the current efficiency of the gene repair by RNA-DNA hybrids, according to Kmiec and colleagues in their recent paper is only 4×10-4 even after several hours of pre-selection permitting multiplification of bacterial cells with the corrected plasmid (5). This efficiency is much lower than the 50% value reported five years ago, but is assuredly much closer to the reality.

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Cette Introduction informe ses lecteurs des questions essentielles abordées dans l'étude des vingt-sept livres du Nouveau Testament. Chacun d'eux fait ici l'objet d'un chapitre qui développe les rubriques suivantes : présentation littéraire de l'écrit, milieu et circonstances historiques de sa production, composition littéraire, visée théologique et indications bibliographiques. Regroupant des exégètes francophones de sensibilité protestante et catholique, cet ouvrage est devenu un manuel de référence.

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L' »Ethique » de Bonhoeffer est un ouvrage marquant. Il l'est d'abord à cause de la personnalité de son auteur, résistant antinazi actif dans les complots contre Hitler, condamné et exécuté pour cela par les SS le 23 avril 1945. L' »Ethique » fait comprendre les raisons profondes de cet engagement au coeur du combat politique de l'époque et ce souci d'assumer de façon responsable ce que Bonhoeffer appelle les « réalités avant-dernières » du salut. Il y a plus: l' »Ethique » est devenu un classique de la réflexion éthique chrétienne qui prend au sérieux l'amour de Dieu en Christ pour le monde. Avec sa dimension incontestablement prophétique, Bonhoeffer donnait à cette réflexion la capacité d'entrevoir les défis que notre fin de siècle affronte. Dietrich Bonhoeffer est né en 1906 et mort, exécuté, le 8 avril 1945.

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Introduction: Recommendations for statin use for primary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD) are based on estimation of the 10-year CHD risk. We compared the 10-year CHD risk assessments and eligibility percentages for statin therapy using three scoring algorithms currently used in Switzerland. Methods: We studied 5683 women and men, aged 35-75, without overt cardiovascular disease (CVD), in a population-based study in Lausanne, Switzerland. We compared the 10-year CHD risk using three scoring schemes, i.e., the Framingham risk score (FRS) from the U.S. National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III), the PROCAM scoring scheme from the International Atherosclerosis Society (IAS), and the European risk SCORE for low-risk countries, without and with extrapolation to 60 years as recommended by the European Society of Cardiology guidelines (ESC). With FRS and PROCAM, high-risk was defined as a 10-year risk of fatal or non-fatal CHD >20% and a 10-year risk of fatal CVD >= 5% with SCORE. We compared the proportions of high-risk participants and eligibility for statin use according to these three schemes. For each guideline, we estimated the impact of increased statin use from current partial compliance to full compliance on potential CHD deaths averted over 10 years, using a success proportion of 27% for statins. Results: Participants classified at high-risk (both genders) were 5.8% according to FRS and 3.0% to the PROCAM, whereas the European risk SCORE classified 12.5% at high-risk (15.4% with extrapolation to 60 years). For the primary prevention of CHD, 18.5% of participants were eligible for statin therapy using ATP III, 16.6% using IAS, and 10.3% using ESC (13.0% with extrapolation) because ESC guidelines recommend statin therapy only in high-risk subjects. In comparison with IAS, agreement to identify eligible adults for statins was good with ATP III, but moderate with ESC (Figure). Using a population perspective, a full compliance with ATP III guidelines would reduce up to 17.9% of the 24'310 CHD deaths expected over 10 years in Switzerland, 17.3% with IAS and 10.8% with ESC (11.5% with extrapolation). Conclusion: Full compliance with guidelines for statin therapy would result in substantial health benefits, but proportions of high-risk adults and eligible adults for statin use varied substantially depending on the scoring systems and corresponding guidelines used for estimating CHD risk in Switzerland.