La noción de persona como particular de base. La ontología de la adscripción de Strawson, un precedente del soi-même de Ricoeur

En este artículo se parte de las aporías en las que el conductismo lógico de Gilbert Ryle deja la adscripción de los estados subjetivos y de la intencionalidad y se examina el argumento que orienta la solución ontológica de Peter Strawson a través de su noción primitiva de persona como particular de base. Se muestra que la noción de persona de Strawson es una salida a las aporías del mentalismo y del conductismo que anticipa la ontología del soi-même de Paul Ricoeur, aunque sin alcanzar la densidad narrativa que los quiénes reciben en el filósofo francés a partir del paso de las acciones discretas a las prácticas. Asimismo se establecen nexos entre la ontología de la persona y los problemas epistemológicos de la acción en las ciencias sociales.

Ocupantes y propietarios durante la expansión de la frontera en la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1780-1860

A partir de la fundación de la ciudad de Buenos Aires en el siglo XVI, la ocupación del espacio provincial se realizó a expensas de las tribus autóctonas que habitaban las regiones pampeana y patagónica. Desde fines del siglo XVIII, y durante todo el XIX, la población hispano-criolla realizó sucesivos avances para incorporar estas tierras a la estructura productiva que se vinculaba al mercado internacional. En este trabajo analizamos la cuestión de la ocupación sin títulos de la tierra como un problema persistente en esa frontera que se expandía. Para ello hemos focalizado nuestro estudio en dos momentos y lugares diferentes: Chascomús (1780-1838) y Bragado (1846-1860). Estos casos nos permiten demostrar la permanencia de los establecimientos productivos sin respaldo legal a medida que se fueron cerrando las posibilidades de acceder a la propiedad plena de la tierra, insistiendo en que la primitiva ocupación y la posterior legalización del dominio fueron dos procesos permanentes, complementarios y conflictivos hasta fines del siglo XIX

Acerca del rol de Pedro Bermúdez en el Cantar de Mio Cid : Un acercamiento a su figura épica

El trabajo intenta un acercamiento a la figura literaria de Pedro Bermúdez en el Cantar de Mio Cid que permite caracterizarlo como héroe peculiar; y propone que Pedro representaría un tipo de héroe diferente al del modelo que pretende acuñar el Cantar, tal vez más primitivo y alternativo al paradigma cidiano, por lo cual las virtudes y valores de la tradición de los cantares de gesta más arcaicos no se eliminan sino que se desplazan a un héroe que secunda al protagonista y a la vez lo complementa.

El campesino griego : Sujeto de derecho en la Pólis

El campesinado en la Grecia antigua sufrió transformaciones en su estatus impositivo, desde una ausencia total de tributos en su perjuicio hasta el padecimiento de onerosas cargas fiscales. En ambos extremos de un mismo y único proceso se verifica un idéntico fenómeno, esto es, la incorporación del campesinado antiguo a la comunidad política, como miembro pleno con todos los derechos. El modelo de organización y participación política del campesinado rehúye las categorías sociológicas de sociedad primitiva, sociedad campesina o sociedad industrial. El objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en proponer una mirada de este sujeto que contemple su especificidad política, social y económica, desde una perspectiva cultural

Sediments and tephra layers from the southern Tyrrhenian abyssal plain near Marsili Seamount

From the south-eastern Tyrrhenian deep-sea floor, four sediment cores of "Meteor" cruise 22 (1971) are described. These cores were taken in the basin between the Aeolian Islands and the Marsili Seamount, an elevation of more tha 3000 m above the sea floor. The sedimentation of the deep-sea basin is distinguished by a sequence of turbidites with a high sedimentation rate. The composition of the clastic material and the position of the cores in the mouth area of the morphologically very pronounced Stromboli Canyon suggest an interpretation of the turbidite sequence as fan of this canyon onto the deep-sea floor. A white rhyolitic pumice-tephra at the base of the 4 m thick sequence of turbidites in core M22-102 has been correlated with the Pelato eruption of the island of Liparo in the 6th century A.D. At the foot of the Marsili Seamount - apparently in morphologically elevated positions - the influence of the turbidite sedimentation increases, the rate of sedimentation is lower and stratigraphic omissions are probable. Here, rather compacted globigerina marls have been found in only 15 -25 cm depth. In addition, volcanic material in the form of lapilli layers, palagonitized ashes and detrital volcanic sands of the Marsili Seamount have been encountered in this area. An up to 3 cm thick layer of completely palagonitized basaltic ash intercalates with the marls at the base of two cores. Layers of very fresh olivine basaltic lapilli in core 103 and palagonitized lapilli of latitic composition in core 104 testify to an explosive submarine volcanism of the Marsili Seamount. According to the stratigraphy of core 103, the latest manifestations of this basaltic volcanism belong to the late Pleistocene (Emiliana huxleyi-zone of Nannoplankton stratigraphy) The basaltic lapilli are glassy to perhyaline with phenocrysts or microphenocrysts predominantely of olivine. The petrological character of the basaltic volcanites with high MgO, Ni, Cr and high MgO/FeO- and Ni/Co-ratios exhibits primitive basaltic features. These basalts clearly differ from basalts of the ocean floors, mid-ocean ridges and marginal basins. Prominent features are a missing iron-enrichment trend and low TiO2. Al2O3 tends to be high, as well as K2O and related trace elements (Ba, Sr). In spite of silica undrsaturation and high color index, the Marsili basalt exhibit some analogies with the calcalkaline basalts of the Aeolian arc, as well as the undersaturated basalts of some other circumoceanic areas.

Geochemistry of ODP Site 125-786 volcanic rocks

Eocene-Oligocene volcanic rocks drilled at Site 786 in the Izu-Bonin forearc cover a wide range of compositions from primitive boninites to highly evolved rhyolites. K-Ar dating reveals at least two distinct episodes of magmatism; one at 41 Ma and a later one at 35 Ma. The early episode produced low-Ca boninites and bronzite andesites that form an oceanic basement of pillow lavas and composite intrusive sheets, overlain by flows and intrusive sheets of intermediate-Ca boninites and bronzite-andesites and a fractionated series of andesites, dacites, and rhyolites. The later episode produced high-Ca boninites and intermediate-Ca boninites, exclusively as intrusive sheets.

El campesino griego : Sujeto de derecho en la Pólis

El campesinado en la Grecia antigua sufrió transformaciones en su estatus impositivo, desde una ausencia total de tributos en su perjuicio hasta el padecimiento de onerosas cargas fiscales. En ambos extremos de un mismo y único proceso se verifica un idéntico fenómeno, esto es, la incorporación del campesinado antiguo a la comunidad política, como miembro pleno con todos los derechos. El modelo de organización y participación política del campesinado rehúye las categorías sociológicas de sociedad primitiva, sociedad campesina o sociedad industrial. El objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en proponer una mirada de este sujeto que contemple su especificidad política, social y económica, desde una perspectiva cultural

Ocupantes y propietarios durante la expansión de la frontera en la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1780-1860

A partir de la fundación de la ciudad de Buenos Aires en el siglo XVI, la ocupación del espacio provincial se realizó a expensas de las tribus autóctonas que habitaban las regiones pampeana y patagónica. Desde fines del siglo XVIII, y durante todo el XIX, la población hispano-criolla realizó sucesivos avances para incorporar estas tierras a la estructura productiva que se vinculaba al mercado internacional. En este trabajo analizamos la cuestión de la ocupación sin títulos de la tierra como un problema persistente en esa frontera que se expandía. Para ello hemos focalizado nuestro estudio en dos momentos y lugares diferentes: Chascomús (1780-1838) y Bragado (1846-1860). Estos casos nos permiten demostrar la permanencia de los establecimientos productivos sin respaldo legal a medida que se fueron cerrando las posibilidades de acceder a la propiedad plena de la tierra, insistiendo en que la primitiva ocupación y la posterior legalización del dominio fueron dos procesos permanentes, complementarios y conflictivos hasta fines del siglo XIX

La estela de la Ley de Obispados de 1813 en la administración diocesana

Este trabajo aborda una de las resoluciones de la Asamblea del año XIII: la Ley de Obispados. Esta medida, y otras que estuvieron ligadas a ella, pretendieron dar solución a los problemas del ámbito eclesial. En este sentido y especialmente, nos referimos a la cláusula relativa a la retroversión de las facultades primitivas a los diocesanos o Provisores existentes en las Provincias Unidas. Esta medida obligaba a remitir todos los asuntos eclesiásticos a las cabeceras diocesanas, dando origen a una forma transicional de organización eclesiástica que colaborará en un nueva estructuración del mundo regular y en la reorganización de las Iglesias rioplatenses según una impronta marcada, en parte por los gobiernos políticos, como nos proponemos mostrar en el presente artículo

La noción de persona como particular de base. La ontología de la adscripción de Strawson, un precedente del soi-même de Ricoeur

En este artículo se parte de las aporías en las que el conductismo lógico de Gilbert Ryle deja la adscripción de los estados subjetivos y de la intencionalidad y se examina el argumento que orienta la solución ontológica de Peter Strawson a través de su noción primitiva de persona como particular de base. Se muestra que la noción de persona de Strawson es una salida a las aporías del mentalismo y del conductismo que anticipa la ontología del soi-même de Paul Ricoeur, aunque sin alcanzar la densidad narrativa que los quiénes reciben en el filósofo francés a partir del paso de las acciones discretas a las prácticas. Asimismo se establecen nexos entre la ontología de la persona y los problemas epistemológicos de la acción en las ciencias sociales.

Acerca del rol de Pedro Bermúdez en el Cantar de Mio Cid : Un acercamiento a su figura épica

El trabajo intenta un acercamiento a la figura literaria de Pedro Bermúdez en el Cantar de Mio Cid que permite caracterizarlo como héroe peculiar; y propone que Pedro representaría un tipo de héroe diferente al del modelo que pretende acuñar el Cantar, tal vez más primitivo y alternativo al paradigma cidiano, por lo cual las virtudes y valores de la tradición de los cantares de gesta más arcaicos no se eliminan sino que se desplazan a un héroe que secunda al protagonista y a la vez lo complementa.

Composition of volcanic rocks from the Alchan Basin, Northwestern Primorie

Geological, petrochemical, and geochemical data are reported for volcanic rocks of a Cretaceous pull-apart basin in the Tan Lu strike-slip system, Asian continental margin. A comparison of these volcanic rocks with magmatic rocks from typical Cenozoic transform margins in the western North America and rift zones of Korea made it possible to distinguish some indicator features of transform-margin volcanic rocks. Magmatic rocks from strike-slip extension zones bear island-arc, intraplate, and occasionally depleted MORB geochemical signatures. In addition to calc-alkaline rocks there are bimodal volcanic series. The rocks are characterized by high K2O, MgO, and TiO2 contents. They show variable enrichment in LILE relative to HFSE, which is typical of island-arc magmas. At the same time they are rich in compatible transition elements, which is a characteristic of intraplate magmas. Trace element distribution patterns normalized to MORB or primitive mantle usually show a negative Ta-Nb anomaly typical of suprasubduction settings. Their Ta/Nb ratio is lower, whereas Ba/Nb, Ba/La, and La/Yb ratios are higher than those of some MORB and OIB. In terms of trace element systematics, for example, Ta-Th-Hf, Ba/La-(Ba/La)_n, (La/Sm)_n-La/Hf, and others, they fall within the area of mixing of magmas from several sources (island arc, intraplate, and depleted reservoirs). Magmatic rocks of transform settings show a sigmoidal chondrite-normalized REE distribution pattern with a negative slope of LREE, depletion in MREE, and an enriched or flat HREE pattern. Magmas with mixed geochemical characteristics presumably originated in a transform margin setting in local extension zones under influence of mantle diapirs, which caused metasomatism and melting of the lithosphere at different levels, and mixing of melts from different sources in variable proportions.

Chemical and isotopic compositions of basalts and glasses from lavas of the Sierra Leone fault site

According to detailed petrological, geochemical, and isotope-geochemical study, fragments of fresh pillow lavas with chilled glass margins dredged at the Sierra-Leone test site in the axial rift zone of the MAR between 5° and 7°N correspond to MORB tholeiites, which are not primitive mantle melts, but were differentiated in intermediate magmatic (intrusive) chambers. Small-scale geochemical and Sr-Nd isotope heterogeneities were established for the first time in basalts and their glasses. It was shown that some samples have significant nonsystematic differences in the 87Sr/86Sr ratio between basalts and their chilled glasses and less significant difference in e-Nd; higher Sr ratios can be observed both in glasses and basalts of the same lava fragments. No significant correlation is observed between isotope characteristics of samples and their geochemistry; it was also shown that seawater did not affect Sr and Nd isotope compositions of the chilled glasses from the studied pillow lavas. It is suggested that such differences in isotope ratios are related to small-scale heterogeneity of melts owing to incomplete homogenization during their rapid ascent to the surface. Heterogeneity of basaltic melts is explained by their partial contamination by older plutonic rocks (especially gabbroids) of the lower oceanic crust, through which they ascended to the surface of the ocean floor. The wider scatter of the Sr isotopic ratios relative to Nd ones is related to presence of xenocrysts of calcic plagioclase; correspondingly, absence of a Nd mineral carrier in the rocks results in less distinct Nd isotope variations. It was shown that all studied basalts define a single trend along the mantle correlation array in the Sr-Nd isotope diagram. Causes of this phenomenon remain unclear.

Results of analyses of fluid inclusions from ODP Site 735B, Leg 118 and 176

Microthermometric and isotopic analyses of fluid inclusions in primitive olivine gabbros, oxide gabbros, and evolved granitic material recovered from Ocean Drilling Program Hole 735B at the Southwest Indian Ridge provide new insights into the evolution of C-O-H-NaCl fluids in the plutonic foundation of the oceanic crust. The variably altered and deformed plutonic rocks span a crustal section of over 1500 m and record a remarkably complex magma-hydrothermal history. Magmatic fluids within this suite followed two chemically distinct paths during cooling through the subsolidus regime: the first path included formation of CO2+CH4+H2O+C fluids with up to 43 mole% CH4; the second path produced hypersaline brines that contain up to 50% NaCl equivalent salinities. Subsequent to devolatilization, respeciation of magmatic CO2, attendant graphite precipitation, and cooling from 800°C to 500°C promoted formation of CH4-enriched fluids. These fluids are characterized by average d13C(CH4) values of -27.1+/-4.3 per mil (N=45) with associated d13C(CO2) compositions ranging from -24.9 per mil to -1.9 per mil (N=39), and average dD values of exsolved vapor of -41+/-12 per mil (N=23). In pods, veins, and lenses of highly fractionated residual material, hypersaline brines formed during condensation and by direct exsolution in the absence of a conjugate vapor phase. Entrapped CO2+CH4+H2O-rich fluids within many oxide-bearing rocks and felsic zones are significantly depleted in 13C (with d13C(CO2) values down to about -25 per mil) and contain CO2 concentrations higher than those predicted by equilibrium devolatilization models. We hypothesize that lower effective pressures in high-temperature shear zones promoted infiltration of highly fractionated melts and compositionally evolved volatiles into focused zones of deformation, significantly weakening the rock strength. In felsic-rich zones, volatile build-up may have driven hydraulic fracturing of gabbroic wall rocks resulting in the formation of magmatic breccias. Comparison of isotopic compositions of fluids in plutonic rocks from 735B, the MARK area of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and the Mid-Cayman Rise indicate (1) that the carbon isotope composition of the lower oceanic crust may be far more heterogeneous than previously believed and (2) that carbon-bearing species in the oceanic crust and their distribution at depth are highly variable.

Geochemical composition of gabbroic rocks from ODP Hole 179-1105A, southwest Indian Ridge

Oxide-free olivine gabbro and gabbro, and oxide olivine gabbro and gabbro make up the bulk of the gabbroic suite recovered from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 179 Hole 1105A, which lies 1.2 km away from Hole 735B on the eastern transverse ridge of the Atlantis II Fracture Zone, Southwest Indian Ridge. The rocks recovered during Leg 179 show striking similarities to rocks recovered from the uppermost 500 m of Hole 735B during ODP Leg 118. The rocks of the Atlantis platform were likely unroofed as part of the footwall block of a large detachment fault on the inside corner of the intersection of the Southwest Indian Ridge and the Atlantis II Transform at ~11.5 Ma. We analyzed the lithologic, geochemical, and structural stratigraphy of the section. Downhole lithologic variation allowed division of the core into 141 lithologic intervals and 4 main units subdivided on the basis of predominance of oxide gabbroic vs. oxide-free gabbroic rocks. Detailed analyses of whole-rock chemistry, mineral chemistry, microstructure, and modes of 147 samples are presented and clearly show that the gabbroic rocks are of cumulate origin. These studies also indicate that geochemistry results correlate well with downhole magnetic susceptibility and Formation MicroScanner (FMS) resistivity measurements and images. FMS images show rocks with a well-layered structure and significant numbers of mappable layer contacts or compositional contrasts. Downhole cryptic mineral and whole-rock chemical variations depict both "normal" and inverse fine-scale variations on a scale of 10 m to <2 m with significant compositional variation over a short distance within the 143-m section sampled. A Mg# shift in whole-rock or Fo contents of olivine of as much as 20-30 units over a few meters of section is not atypical of the extreme variation in downhole plots. The products of the earliest stages of basaltic differentiation are not represented by any cumulates, as the maximum Fo content was Fo78. Similarly, the extent of fractionation represented by the gabbroic rocks and scarce granophyres in the section is much greater than that represented in the Atlantis II basalts. The abundance of oxide gabbros is similar to that in Hole 735B, Unit IV, which is tentatively correlated as a similar unit or facies with the oxide gabbroic units of Hole 1105A. Oxide phases are generally present in the most fractionated gabbroic rocks and lacking in more primitive gabbroic rocks, and there is a definite progression of oxide abundance as, for example, the Mg# of clinopyroxene falls below 73-75. Coprecipitation of oxide at such early Mg#s cannot be modeled by perfect fractional crystallization. In situ boundary layer fractionation may offer a more plausible explanation for the complex juxtaposition of oxide- and nonoxide-bearing more primitive gabbroic rocks. The geochemical signal may, in part, be disrupted by the presence of mylonitic shear zones, which strike east-west and dip both to the south and north, but predominantly to the south away from the northern rift valley where they formed. Downhole deformation textures indicate increasing average strain and crystal-plastic deformation in units that contain oxides. Oxide-rich zones may represent zones of rheologic weakness in the cumulate section along which mylonitic and foliated gabbroic shear zones nucleate in the solid state at high temperature, or the oxide may be a symptom of former melt-rich zones and hypersolidus flow, as predicted during study of Hole 735B.