Spotlight Switzerland

Overview of the CATI surveys tradition in Switzerland, evolution of coverage of the landline and mobile phones and implications for survey strategies

Des Fata aux fées: regards croisés de l'Antiquité à nos jours

D'où vient l'histoire de la Belle au bois dormant ? Qui sont les « fées » présentes lors de la naissance de la petite princesse? Ce volume rassemble des contributions qui rendent compte de l'extraordinaire richesse et complexité de cette vieille histoire que l'on croyait familière, depuis ses lointaines origines dans les cultes et rites de la naissance au Moyen-Orient. Le destin qui se joue au moment de la naissance lie la vie et la parole, et cette association inscrite dans l'étymologie du mot fée s'est manifestée dans l'art, la littérature et la culture occidentale jusqu'à aujourd'hui. Le volume propose des éclairages inédits sur la longue tradition iconographique et littéraire en lien avec la Belle au bois dormant, des reliefs sumériens aux célèbres contes de Perrault et des Grimm, jusqu'à leurs réécritures et adaptations cinématographiques contemporaines.

Le princeps et le bon roi selon Homère

Puisque les poèmes d'Homère font l'objet d'une lecture politique dans la tradition grecque et qu'ils sont intégrés dans la culture romaine à partir du IIe siècle avant J.-C., cette étude s'interroge sur les liens entre les figures du roi homérique (en particulier celles qui sont tirées de l'Iliade) et l'image du princeps. L'enjeu est d'examiner comment l'idéologie homérique, malléable, a été utilisée pour définir une nouvelle image des principes, par qui-hommes politiques romains ou conseillers grecs-, et pour quelles raisons on y a recouru. Cette recherche concerne les périodes durant lesquelles le régime de Rome est l'objet de réflexions politiques, depuis la seconde moitié du Ier siècle av. J.-C. jusqu'à la fin du Ier siècle ap. J.-C. ; elle part du traité Sur le bon roi selon Homère de Philodème de Gadara, dont l'interprétation est actuellement débattue, pour aboutir au deuxième discours Sur la royauté de Dion de Pruse.

Translating from India and the Moving Space of Translation (Illustrated by the Works of Ajñeya)

The inadequacies and obsolescence of Eurocentric theories based on a binaryand static worldview have become a staple topic of postcolonial studies, and tosome extent also of translation studies. Nonetheless, the literary texts that arecalled upon in order to show the dynamism and hybridity of (post)modern worksbelong for the most part to the languages of the former colonial powers, especiallyEnglish, and remain inserted in a system that construes literatures interms of opposition. As a consequence, there is outside India a doubly misleadingunderstanding of Indian literatures other than those written in English:firstly, that translations of works in Hindi and in the Indian bhāṣā seem to belacking, if not inexistent, and secondly, that these "minor" literatures - as theyare regularly termed - are still often viewed as being highly dependent on theidea of "tradition," in opposition to the "postmodern" hybridity of the literatureswritten in the "dominant" languages, such as English or French. Againstthese views and supported by the analysis of Ajñeya's works in Hindi togetherwith their English translations, this paper aims to show: 1) that translationsfrom Hindi, which are not in fact non-existent, are mainly carried out in India,and 2) that Ajñeya's works, while representing a significant instance of the effectivehybridity present in Indian literatures, help to illustrate the moving spaceof translation. This demonstration effectively invalidates the above-mentionedoppositional standpoint.

Autorité du discours - discours d'autorité : les manuels d'histoire vaudois (1938-1998)

Compte tenu des relations étroites existant entre le pouvoir politique et l'histoire - et plus particulièrement l'enseignement de l'histoire à l'école - , les manuels constituent un objet d'étude privilégié de l'évolution des relations pouvoir/enseignement. Ils fournissent un lieu de médiation privilégié entre les savoirs savants et les savoirs scolaires institutionnels ; ils permettent d'observer les conceptions didactiques préconisées par l'institution scolaire. Si, sous l'égide de l'Etat-nation au 19e siècle, les savoirs savants historiques et les savoirs scolaires étaient entremêlés, les rapports se sont complexifiés durant le 20e siècle en raison notamment de la prise de distance progressive de l'histoire savante à l'égard du pouvoir. Petit à petit, à partir des années 1930, le concept d'histoire- problème, initié par l'école historique des Annales, dépasse l'histoire-récit de l'école historique positiviste (méthodique) du 19e siècle et sa traduction du récit- national au coeur de la leçon d'histoire. Cependant, si après 1945, l'école des Annales, puis la Nouvelle histoire, tendent à s'imposer dans le champ de l'histoire savante francophone, elles se heurtent à une tradition scolaire bien établie et modifient peu et tardivement les curricula, les manuels et les pratiques enseignantes. Progressivement donc, une fracture apparaît entre l'histoire savante et l'histoire scolaire. Dans cette étude, notre travail envisage l'analyse du manuel d'histoire en tant qu'objet hybride. Il est à la fois porteur d'un texte historien, ouvrage de vulgarisation et de référence, ainsi qu'outil pédagogico-didactique. Par ailleurs, le manuel d'histoire a la charge de transmettre des valeurs, car les finalités attribuées par l'autorité politique, via les autorités scolaires, à l'histoire scolaire comportent toujours une dimension forte de formation du futur citoyen. Au texte de départ sont associés des documents textuels ou iconiques, des résumés, des questions regroupées par chapitre, un glossaire ou une chronologie générale. De plus, ce texte est encadré d'un dispositif didactique plus ou moins explicite : préface, numérotation par paragraphe correspondant à la leçon du jour, dates mises en évidence, aide-mémoire et questions. Par ailleurs, les découpages en livres ou en parties peuvent correspondre à des années (ou parties d'années) de programme. Il sera donc également étudié pour les spécificités d'un sous-genre de discours à définir : les manuels - d'histoire - produits (et utilisés) dans le canton de Vaud au 20e siècle. En conséquence, notre travail se propose d'observer et d'analyser les manuels d'histoire vaudois sous deux modalités préférentielles. Premièrement, celle des formes constitutives et évolutives prises par le manuel pour se construire comme un discours légitimé (deuxième partie : écriture et mise en scène de l'histoire). Deuxièmement, celle de la mise en scène d'une histoire à visée pseudo- pédagogique masquant l'intégration du discours de l'autorité politique (troisième partie : comment l'autorité vient au discours). Site internet : http://manuelshistoire.ch

One Unshakable Vision: World Class Schools for Iowa, October 3, 2011

Iowans have long shared a deep commitment to giving our children the best education possible. We recognize young people today must meet higher expectations than ever to thrive in this global, knowledge-based economy. For the sake of our children and our state, it is vitally important that we build on our tradition of excellence to improve our schools. Iowa’s house of education still has a strong foundation, but it is also in need of a major remodel to be ready for the days ahead.

Dire le futur au Moyen Age : du prologue au récit : du Chevalier au Lion de Chrétien de Troyes au Chevalier au Lion de Pierre Sala

S'inscrivant dans le domaine de l'analyse des relations temporelles dans les textes, la présente étude est consacrée à la notion du futur définie en tant qu'anticipation sur les événements à venir dans le récit. Ainsi, la recherche en question se propose de mettre en lumière les différents mécanismes d'anticipation propres aux récits d'aventures au Moyen Âge. Recourant aux moyens heuristiques existants (les bases de la théorie de la réception telle qu'elle est représentée dans les travaux de Jauss, Eco et Greimas), cette thèse se concentre sur l'étude du prologue de l'oeuvre littéraire dont elle élabore une grille de lecture particulière qui tient compte de la complexité de la notion du futur envisagée aux plans grammatical (formes verbales du futur), rhétorique (la figure de la prolepse) et littéraire (les scénarios et les isotopies). La démarche de la lecture détaillée du prologue adoptée au cours de ce travail s'applique d'abord au Chevalier au Lion de Chrétien de Troyes, texte fondateur du corpus, qui constitue, pour parler avec Philippe Walter, un vrai « drame du temps ». L'étude des mécanismes d'anticipation mis en place dans le prologue se prolonge ensuite dans les chapitres consacrés à Claris et Laris et au Chevalier au Lion de Pierre Sala, deux réécritures du célèbre roman du maître champenois. Datant, respectivement, du XIIIe et du début du XVIe siècle, ces oeuvres permettent de saisir le chemin parcouru par le futur dans son aspect thématique et diachronique, ce qui est particulièrement propice au repérage des critères qui influencent l'attente du lecteur par rapport aux événements à venir au fil des siècles. Ainsi, à côté des moyens d'expression « standards » du futur (scénarios intertextuels et isotopies), la présente recherche fait apparaître d'autres facteurs qui influencent l'anticipation, notamment le procédé de la disputatio, le recours à la satire, la démarche de l'engagement indirect et l'opposition vers/prose. La seconde partie de la thèse qui traite, d'un côté, des récits consacrés à la fée Mélusine de Jean d'Arras et de Coudrette, du Livre du Cuer d'amours espris de René d'Anjou de l'autre, sert à vérifier dans quelle mesure la démarche choisie s'applique à des oeuvres du Moyen Âge tardif qui combinent des éléments empruntés à la tradition antérieure avec des éléments d'autre provenance. L'analyse de Mélusine et du Livre du Cuer conduit à ajouter deux facteurs supplémentaires qui influencent l'attente du lecteur, à savoir la démarche de l'engagement partiel et le recours au genre judiciaire. Cette étude démontre que le traitement du futur est d'un enjeu capital pour lire les textes du Moyen Âge, car il permet au lecteur, dès le prologue, de reconnaître la fin vers laquelle tend le récit et de faire par là- même une lecture enrichie, supérieure à d'autres. Telling the Future in the Middle Ages : from the Prologue to the Narrative. From Chrétien de Troyes ' Chevalier au Lion to Pierre Sala 's Chevalier au Lion. Part of the analyses of the time based relations within the texts, the present study deals with the notion of future characterized as an anticipation of the events to come in the narrative. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to bring to light the various mechanisms of anticipation peculiar to the narratives of adventures in the Middle Ages. Making the use of the existing heuristic instruments (the bases of the theory of the reception as it presents itself in the works by Jauss, Eco and Greimas), this thesis is dedicated to the study of the prologue of the work of fiction by means of a particular key for reading which takes into account the complexity of the notion of future with regard to its grammatical side (future tenses), to its rhetorical side (prolepse) and to its literary side (scenario and isotopy). First of all, the close reading of the prologue used in this work is applied to Chrétien de Troyes's Chevalier au Lion (Lion Knight), the founding text of our literary corpus, which represents, according to Philippe Walter, the real « drama of Time ». Then, the study of the mechanisms of anticipation in the prologue is carried over to the chapters devoted to Claris et Laris and to Pierre Sala's Chevalier au Lion, two romances that rewrite Chrétien de Troyes' famous work. Written, respectively, in the XIIIth and in the beginning of the XVI century, these romances enable the reader to ascertain the changes in the manner of telling the future from the thematic and diachronic point of view : this is particularly convenient to the identification of the criteria which influence the reader's expectations relative to the future events in the course of the centuries. Therefore, next to the « standard » means of expression of future (intertextual scenario and isotopy), the present study reveals other factors which influence the anticipation, in particular the method of the disputatio, the use of the satire, the approach of the indirect commitment and the verse/prose opposition. The second part of the thesis which deals with the narratives concerning the fairy Melusine written by Jean d'Arras and by Coudrette on one hand, with René d'Anjou's Livre du Cuer d'amours espris on the other hand, is used to verify to what extent the chosen approach applies to the works of fiction of the Late Middle Ages that combine the elements from the previous tradition with the elements of other origin. The analysis of Melusine's romances and of the Livre du Cuer brings us to add two new factors which influence the reader's expectations : the approach of the partial commitment, and the use of the legal discourse. This study demonstrates that the manner of telling the future is of the utmost importance to read the texts of the Middle Ages, because it enables the reader to know the end of the story from the very beginning, from the prologue, thus leading to a richer and superior reading.

2011 Road Use Tax Fund (RUTF) Study A report to the Iowa Legislature, per 2011 Iowa Code Section 307.31

The transportation system is in demand 24/7 and 365 days a year irrespective of neither the weather nor the conditions. Iowa’s transportation system is an integral and essential part of society serving commerce and daily functions of all Iowans across the state. A high quality transportation system serves as the artery for economic activity and, the condition of the infrastructure is a key element for our future growth opportunities. A key component of Iowa’s transportation system is the public roadway system owned and maintained by the state, cities and counties. In order to regularly re-evaluate the conditions of Iowa’s public roadway infrastructure and assess the ability of existing revenues to meet the needs of the system, the Iowa Department of Transportation’s 2006 Road Use Tax Fund (RUTF) report to the legislature included a recommendation that a study be conducted every five years. That recommendation was included in legislation adopted in 2007 and signed into law. The law specifically requires the following (2011 Iowa Code Section 307.31): •“The department shall periodically review the current revenue levels of the road use tax fund and the sufficiency of those revenues for the projected construction and maintenance needs of city, county, and state governments in the future. The department shall submit a written report to the general assembly regarding its findings by December 31 every five years, beginning in 2011. The report may include recommendations concerning funding levels needed to support the future mobility and accessibility for users of Iowa's public road system.” •“The department shall evaluate alternative funding sources for road maintenance and construction and report to the general assembly at least every five years on the advantages and disadvantages and the viability of alternative funding mechanisms.” Consistent with this requirement, the Iowa Department of Transportation (DOT) has prepared this study. Recognizing the importance of actively engaging with the public and transportation stakeholders in any discussion of public roadway conditions and needs, Governor Terry E. Branstad announced on March 8, 2011, the creation of, and appointments to, the Governor’s Transportation 2020 Citizen Advisory Commission (CAC). The CAC was tasked with assisting the Iowa DOT as they assess the condition of Iowa’s roadway system and evaluate current and future funding available to best address system needs. In particular the CAC was directed to gather input from the public and stakeholders regarding the condition of Iowa’s public roadway system, the impact of that system, whether additional funding is needed to maintain/improve the system, and, if so, what funding mechanisms ought to be considered. With this input, the CAC prepared a report and recommendations that were presented to Governor Branstad and the Iowa DOT in November 2011 for use in the development of this study. The CAC’s report is available at www.iowadot.gov/transportation2020/pdfs/CAC%20REPORT%20FINAL%20110211.pdf. The CAC’s report was developed utilizing analysis and information from the Iowa DOT. Therefore, the report forms the basis for this study and the two documents are very similar. Iowa is fortunate to have an extensive public roadway system that provides access to all areas of the state and facilitates the efficient movement of goods and people. However, it is also a tremendous challenge for the state, cities and counties to maintain and improve this system given flattening revenue, lost buying power, changing demands on the system, severe weather, and an aging system. This challenge didn’t appear overnight and for the last decade many studies have been completed to look into the situation and the legislature has taken significant action to begin addressing the situation. In addition, the Iowa DOT and Iowa’s cities and counties have worked jointly and independently to increase efficiency and streamline operations. All of these actions have been successful and resulted in significant changes; however, it is apparent much more needs to be done. A well-maintained, high-quality transportation system reduces transportation costs and provides consistent and reliable service. These are all factors that are critical in the evaluation companies undertake when deciding where to expand or locate new developments. The CAC and Iowa DOT heard from many Iowans that additional investment in Iowa’s roadway system is vital to support existing jobs and continued job creation in the state of Iowa. Beginning June 2011, the CAC met regularly to review material and discuss potential recommendations to address Iowa’s roadway funding challenges. This effort included extensive public outreach with meetings held in seven locations across Iowa and through a Transportation 2020 website hosted by the Iowa DOT (www.iowadot.gov/transportation2020). Over 500 people attended the public meetings held through the months of August and September, with 198 providing verbal or written comment at the meetings or through the website. Comments were received from a wide array of individuals. The public comments demonstrated overwhelming support for increased funding for Iowa’s roads. Through the public input process, several guiding principles were established to guide the development of recommendations. Those guiding principles are: • Additional revenues are restricted for road and bridge improvements only, like 95 percent of the current state road revenue is currently. This includes the fuel tax and registration fees. • State and local governments continue to streamline and become more efficient, both individually and by looking for ways to do things collectively. • User fee concept is preserved, where those who use the roads pay for them, including non¬residents. • Revenue-generating methods equitable across users. • Increase revenue generating mechanisms that are viable now but begin to implement and set the stage for longer-term solutions that bring equity and stability to road funding. • Continue Iowa’s long standing tradition of state roadway financing coming from pay-as-you-go financing. Iowa must not fall into the situation that other states are currently facing where the majority of their new program dollars are utilized to pay the debt service of past bonding. Based on the analysis of Iowa’s public roadway needs and revenue and the extensive work of the Governor’s Transportation 2020 Citizen Advisory Commission, the Iowa DOT has identified specific recommendations. The recommendations follow very closely the recommendations of the CAC (CAC recommendations from their report are repeated in Appendix B). Following is a summary of the recommendations which are fully documented beginning on page 21. 1. Through a combination of efficiency savings and increased revenue, a minimum of $215 million of revenue per year should be generated to meet Iowa’s critical roadway needs. 2. The Code of Iowa should be changed to require the study of the sufficiency of the state’s road funds to meet the road system’s needs every two years instead of every five years to coincide with the biennial legislative budget appropriation schedule. 3.Modify the current registration fee for electric vehicles to be based on weight and value using the same formula that applies to most passenger vehicles. 4.Consistent with existing Code of Iowa requirements, new funding should go to the TIME-21 Fund up to the cap ($225 million) and remaining new funding should be distributed consistent with the Road Use Tax Fund distribution formula. 5.The CAC recommended the Iowa DOT at least annually convene meetings with cities and counties to review the operation, maintenance and improvement of Iowa’s public roadway system to identify ways to jointly increase efficiency. In direct response to this recommendation, Governor Branstad directed the Iowa DOT to begin this effort immediately with a target of identifying $50 million of efficiency savings that can be captured from the over $1 billion of state revenue already provided to the Iowa DOT and Iowa’s cities and counties to administer, maintain and improve Iowa’s public roadway system. This would build upon past joint and individual actions that have reduced administrative costs and resulted in increased funding for improvement of Iowa’s public roadway system. Efficiency actions should be quantified, measured and reported to the public on a regular basis. 6.By June 30, 2012, Iowa DOT should complete a study of vehicles and equipment that use Iowa’s public roadway system but pay no user fees or substantially lower user fees than other vehicles and equipment.

Berguer, Rochedieu: Flournoy's legacy in the Genevan school of the psychology of religion

In 1891 Théodore Flournoy (1854-1920) became the first Professor of Psychology to be appointed at the University of Geneva, and his teaching regularly included references to religion. His successor, Georges Berguer, who taught psychology of religion, began as privat-docent in 1910 and received a full professorship in Religious Psychology and the History of Religion in 1928. French-speaking Switzerland is one of the rare places in the world where psychology of religion has been taught continuously since the very beginning of the 20th century. The aim of this article is to shed light on this tradition and especially on Georges Berguer (retired in 1944) and Edmond Rochedieu (retired in 1965) who succeeded Flournoy. This historical enterprise concludes with some reflections on the role of the psychology of religion at the intersection of psychology and the study of religions.

Défendre la démocratie directe : sur quelques arguments antidémocratiques des élites suisses

Plus que jamais, l'actualité mondiale ou nationale met en question le pouvoir du peuple. Là il se révolte avec fracas. Ici on le voit voter contre les autorités en place. Pour les uns il reconquiert sa liberté. Pour les autres il est aveugle et crée le désordre. Voici donc un livre sur le pouvoir. Dans la tradition de Benjamin Constant ou d'Alexis de Tocqueville, Antoine Chollet confère du souffle à l'examen des fondamentaux. Comment comprendre et articuler la liberté, l'égalité, la responsabilité, l'opposition entre une élite dite éclairée et les masses. En Suisse, quels sont les atouts exceptionnels, les dérives ou les illusions de la démocratie directe? Mal comprise elle est souvent confondue avec les libertés communales du Moyen Age. Ou admise avec des réserves suspectes. L'auteur en appelle à plus de rigueur et, fort de ses convictions, conclut par des appréciations sévères sur la politique suisse. Il décèle dans ses élites des tendances clairement antidémocratiques. Et inversement, il expose les raisons d'une confiance renforcée en l'institution même de la démocratie directe.

Mitologia i literatura a "Suddenly Last Summer" de Tennessee Williams: tot lluitant contra Venus i Èdip

The aim of this article is to analyze accurately the role played by two classical references, Venus and Oedipus, in Tennessee Williams¿s Suddenly Last Summer, in accordance with the usual nature of studies on Classical Tradition ¿Greek and Roman- and focusing in this case on the relationship between literature and mythology. It is thanks to Venus and Oedipus that the playwright succeeds in showing the magnitude of men¿s and women¿s tragedy, which from his point of view is simply that they have failed to see either kindness in the face of God or to feel his loving and fatherly providence.

Muerte en Venecia de Thomas Mann o la via plutarquea hacia Eros

En Muerte en Venecia Thomas Mann se refiere explícitamente al Simposio y al Fedro de Platón para explicar la relación entre Gustav von Aschenbach y Tadzio, pero oculta que su novela se inspira también en el Erótico de Plutarco. ¿Por qué? El objetivo de este artículo es justamente revelar las razones de este proceder. En efecto, Plutarco elogia el amor matrimonial en el Erótico y éste no es el camino que sigue Mann, pero, al mismo tiempo, el escritor alemán halla en el diálogo plutarqueo todo lo necesario para construir su historia de amor masculino y decide no prescindir de él.

Thomas Mann's Death in Venice or Plutarch's way towards Eros

In Death in Venice Thomas Mann refers explicitly to Plato's Symposium and Phaedrus in order to explain the relationship between Gustav von Aschenbach and Tadzio but he hides that his novel also depends on Plutarch's Eroticus. Why? The aim of this article is precisely to reveal the different reasons for such an attitude. Indeed, Plutarch speaks highly of conjugal love in his Eroticus and this way is not followed by Mann in Death in Venice but, at the same, the German writer finds in this Plutarch's philosophical dialogue all the necessary elements to build his story of masculine love and decides not to manage without it.

Philo of Alexandria's De opificio mundi (LIII-LXI): discovering the essential features of Greek and Western Misogyny in a Platonising Jewish Text

The aim of this article is to show the Western centuries-old misogynist tradition from its origins in Greece by analysing a text by the allegorical interpreter of the Bible Philo of Alexandria, his De opifico mundi, which on many occasions is read by him from a Platonic point of view. The accurate analysis of the chapters devoted to the creation of the woman by God proves to what extent it is not possible to understand this text if one does not take into account a Greek philosophical tradition which was already centuries-old.

S. Pau. I Corintis 12: 12-31: El cos humà i l'Església. Paràmetres clàssics d'un símil útil i veritablement significatiu.

L'objectiu d'aquest article és presentar un seguit de textos clàssics d'autors i escoles filosòfiques diferents que poden estar en la base subconscient de la primera carta de Sant Pau als Corintis. L'apòstol es mostra molt hàbil en l'ús de la imatge del cos humà i de la necessària coordinació de tots els seus membres per fer veure a la comunitat cristiana de Corint la urgència d¿aparcar tota dissensió interna en ares de la unitat. Tanmateix, aquesta imatge no és una creació original stricto sensu de l'apòstol, sinó que ja la medicina, la filosofia i la historiografia gregues l'havien emprada amb finalitats diverses.