Mekatronisen portaattomasti säädettävän ajoneuvotehonsiirtokoneiston suunnittelu ja simulointi

Työn tarkoituksena on tutkia tehonsiirron ratkaisuja, jotka mahdollistavat jatkuvanopeus ja -momentinsäädön. Työ on rajattu käsittämään kahta eri planeettavaihdetuotetta. Tutkimuksen kohteena ovat valittujen vaihdetuotteiden planeettapyörästöjen eri kytkentämahdollisuudet ja niiden vaikutus toisiinsa. Vaihteiden teknistä toteutusta ja toimivuutta tarkastellaan fyysisten testien, simuloinnin sekä analyyttisen laskennan avulla. Apuna työssä on käytetty Dymola simulointiohjelmaa, jossa kinemaattisten kuvakeliitäntöjen avulla on rakennettu virtuaalimalli tarkastellusta tuotteesta ja sen toiminnasta. Tietokoneen avulla luotua dynaamista simulointimallia on muokattu tutkimuksen edistyessä differentiaalisesti jatkuvasäätöisen momentinmuuntimen aikaan saamiseksi. Tuotteissa on käytetty aurinkopyörällisiä ja aurinkopyörättömiä planeettapyörästöjä. Ensimmäisessä tutkittavassa tuotteessa on kolme planeettapyörästöä ja toisessa kaksi. Teholähteeksi käy polttomoottori tai sähkömoottori. Välitys- ja pyörimissuhteiden muuntoon vaikuttaa planeettavaihteistoon kytketty sähkömoottori, jonka toimintaa voidaan ohjata erikseen. Työssä on selvitetty, millaisia kulmanopeuksia ja momentteja eri ajanhetkellä ja eri pisteissä simulointimallia esiintyy.Lisäksi selvitetään vaihteistojen portaattoman välityssuhteen muuntomahdollisuudet. Tarkoituksena on saada realistista informaatiota tutkittavien laitteiden toiminnasta. Johtavana ajatuksena on modernien menetelmien käyttäminen uusien innovaatioiden toimivuuden ja äärikohtien tutkimiseksi.

The protective role of transferrin in Müller glial cells after iron-induced toxicity.

PURPOSE: Transferrin (Tf) expression is enhanced by aging and inflammation in humans. We investigated the role of transferrin in glial protection. METHODS: We generated transgenic mice (Tg) carrying the complete human transferrin gene on a C57Bl/6J genetic background. We studied human (hTf) and mouse (mTf) transferrin localization in Tg and wild-type (WT) C57Bl/6J mice using immunochemistry with specific antibodies. Müller glial (MG) cells were cultured from explants and characterized using cellular retinaldehyde binding protein (CRALBP) and vimentin antibodies. They were further subcultured for study. We incubated cells with FeCl(3)-nitrilotriacetate to test for the iron-induced stress response; viability was determined by direct counting and measurement of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. Tf expression was determined by reverse transcriptase-quantitative PCR with human- or mouse-specific probes. hTf and mTf in the medium were assayed by ELISA or radioimmunoassay (RIA), respectively. RESULTS: mTf was mainly localized in retinal pigment epithelium and ganglion cell layers in retina sections of both mouse lines. hTf was abundant in MG cells. The distribution of mTf and hTf mRNA was consistent with these findings. mTf and hTf were secreted into the medium of MG cell primary cultures. Cells from Tg mice secreted hTf at a particularly high level. However, both WT and Tg cell cultures lose their ability to secrete Tf after a few passages. Tg MG cells secreting hTf were more resistant to iron-induced stress toxicity than those no longer secreted hTf. Similarly, exogenous human apo-Tf, but not human holo-Tf, conferred resistance to iron-induced stress on MG cells from WT mice. CONCLUSIONS: hTf localization in MG cells from Tg mice was reminiscent of that reported for aged human retina and age-related macular degeneration, both conditions associated with iron deposition. The role of hTf in protection against toxicity in Tg MG cells probably involves an adaptive mechanism developed in neural retina to control iron-induced stress.

A note on moments of dividends

We reconsider a formula for arbitrary moments of expected discounted dividend payments in a spectrally negative L,vy risk model that was obtained in Renaud and Zhou (2007, [4]) and in Kyprianou and Palmowski (2007, [3]) and extend the result to stationary Markov processes that are skip-free upwards.

Applicability of Power-Line Communications to Data Transfer of On-line Condition Monitoring of Electrical Drives

The research of power-line communications has been concentrated on home automation, broadband indoor communications and broadband data transfer in a low voltage distribution network between home andtransformer station. There has not been carried out much research work that is focused on the high frequency characteristics of industrial low voltage distribution networks. The industrial low voltage distribution network may be utilised as a communication channel to data transfer required by the on-line condition monitoring of electric motors. The advantage of using power-line data transfer is that it does not require the installing of new cables. In the first part of this work, the characteristics of industrial low voltage distribution network components and the pilot distribution network are measured and modelled with respect topower-line communications frequencies up to 30 MHz. The distributed inductances, capacitances and attenuation of MCMK type low voltage power cables are measured in the frequency band 100 kHz - 30 MHz and an attenuation formula for the cables is formed based on the measurements. The input impedances of electric motors (15-250 kW) are measured using several signal couplings and measurement based input impedance model for electric motor with a slotted stator is formed. The model is designed for the frequency band 10 kHz - 30 MHz. Next, the effect of DC (direct current) voltage link inverter on power line data transfer is briefly analysed. Finally, a pilot distribution network is formed and signal attenuation in communication channels in the pilot environment is measured. The results are compared with the simulations that are carried out utilising the developed models and measured parameters for cables and motors. In the second part of this work, a narrowband power-line data transfer system is developed for the data transfer ofon-line condition monitoring of electric motors. It is developed using standardintegrated circuits. The system is tested in the pilot environment and the applicability of the system for the data transfer required by the on-line condition monitoring of electric motors is analysed.

Spray coating technique asa surface treatment for woodcontaining paper grades

The objective of this work was to introduce the emerging non-contacting spray coating process and compare it to the existing coating techniques. Particular emphasis was given to the details of the spraying process of paper coating colour and the base paper requirements set by the new coating method. Spraying technology itself is nothing new, but the atomisation process of paper coating colour is quite unknown to the paper industry. The differences between the rheology of painting and coating colours make it very difficult to utilise the existing information from spray painting research. Based on the trials, some basic conclusion can be made:The results of this study suggest that the Brookfield viscosity of spray coating colour should be as low as possible, presently a 50 mPas level is regarded as an optimum. For the paper quality and coater runnability, the solids level should be as high as possible. However, the graininess of coated paper surface and the nozzle wear limits the maximum solids level to 60 % at the moment. Most likelydue to the low solids and low viscosity of the coating colour the low shear Brookfield viscosity correlates very well with the paper and spray fan qualities. High shear viscosity is also important, but yet less significant than the low shear viscosity. Droplet size should be minimized and besides keeping the brrokfield viscosity low that can be helped by using a surfactant or dispersing agent in the coating colour formula. Increasing the spraying pressure in the nozzle can also reduce the droplet size. The small droplet size also improves the coating coverage, since there is hardly any levelling taking place after the impact with the base paper. Because of the lack of shear forces after the application, the pigment particles do not orientate along the paper surface. Therefore the study indicates that based on the present know-how, no quality improvements can be obtained by the use of platy type of pigments. The other disadvantage of them is the rapid deterioration of the nozzle lifetime. Further research in both coating colour rheology and nozzle design may change this in the future, but so far only round shape pigments, like typically calcium carbonate is, can be used with spray coating. The low water retention characteristics of spray coating, enhanced by the low solids and low viscosity, challenge the base paper absorption properties.Filler level has to be low not to increase the number of small pores, which have a great influence on the absorption properties of the base paper. Hydrophobic sizing reduces this absorption and prevents binder migration efficiently. High surface roughness and especially poor formation of the base paper deteriorate thespray coated paper properties. However, pre-calendering of the base paper does not contribute anything to the finished paper quality, at least at the coating colour solids level below 60 %. When targeting a standard offset LWC grade, spraycoating produces similar quality to film coating, but yet blade coating being on a slightly better level. However, because of the savings in both investment and production costs, spray coating may have an excellent future ahead. The porousnature of the spray coated surface offers an optimum substrate for the coldset printing industry to utilise the potential of high quality papers in their business.

Revue Mabillon : archives de la France monastique

1969/07 (N237)-1969/09.

Revue Mabillon : archives de la France monastique

1971/07 (N245)-1971/09.

Revue Mabillon : archives de la France monastique

1933 (A23,N89 = SER2,N49)- (A23,N92 = SER2,N52).

Revue Mabillon : archives de la France monastique

1979/10 (T59,N278)-1979/12.

Revue Mabillon : archives de la France monastique

1921/01 (A11,N41 = SER2,N1)-1921/10 (A11,N44 = SER2,N4).

Revue Mabillon : archives de la France monastique

1979/07 (N277)-1979/09.

Revue Mabillon : archives de la France monastique

1974/10 (T58,N258)-1974/12.

Revue Mabillon : archives de la France monastique

1907/05 (A3,N9)-1908/02 (A3,N12).

Revue Mabillon : archives de la France monastique

1981/10 (T60,N286)-1981/12.

Revue Mabillon : archives de la France monastique

1969/10 (N238)-1969/12.