Gasto energético e sua relação com leptina, insulina e mediadores inflamatórios em pacientes em diálise peritoneal

Resumo não disponível

Periodontal diseases in a representative urban population in south Brazil

Background and Aims: There is little information about the epidemiology and risk factors of periodontal diseases in Latin America in general, and Brazil in particular. The principal aims of this study were to: 1) describe the prevalence and severity of periodontal attachment loss and gingival recession, and to assess the contribution of demographic, behavioral, and environmental exposures to the occurrence of periodontal disease outcomes in a sample representative of the urban population in the state of Rio Grande do Sul in south Brazil; and 2) report the epidemiology and risk indicators of aggressive periodontitis in this population. Methods: A representative sample consisting of 1,586 subjects 14-103 years of age (mean 38 y) and comprising 45.3% males and 54.7% females was selected using a multi-stage, probability, cluster sampling strategy. The subjects were interviewed using a structured questionnaire and underwent a full-mouth, six sites per tooth clinical examination in a mobile examination center. Results: Moderate and severe clinical attachment loss and gingival recession were widespread among adults in this population. The prevalence and extent of attachment loss ³5 and ³7 mm were 79% and 52% subjects, and 36% and 16% teeth; and for gingival recession ³3 mm and ³5 mm were 52% and 22% subjects, and 17% and 6% teeth, respectively. Aggressive periodontitis was diagnosed in 5.5% of subjects, which is significantly higher than the reported prevalence in most other populations. Among the main risk indicators for chronic as well as aggressive destructive periodontal diseases were: older age, low socioeconomic status, dental calculus, and smoking. Cigarette smoking accounted for an important part of periodontal disease burden, particularly in adults, and should be considered an important target in any prevention strategy aimed at reducing the burden of periodontal diseases. Partial recording methods consistently underestimated the prevalence of attachment loss in the population, and the extent of underestimation was dependent on the type of system used and the threshold of attachment loss. Conclusions: Destructive periodontal diseases are prevalent in this Brazilian population. Suitable disease prevention and health promotion programs should be established to improve the periodontal health in this population.

Variabilidade dos testes de adequação da diálise peritoneal ambulatorial contínua

Os testes de adequação da diálise peritoneal ambulatorial contínua – (CAPD) e a determinação das características de transporte de solutos pela membrana peritoneal são muito importantes para a prescrição e avaliação da dose de diálise, assim como para a individualização da prescrição. Esses testes fornecem informações objetivas e permitem uma monitorização da dose de diálise oferecida para o paciente. Neste estudo, foi avaliada a variabilidade e reprodutibilidade dos testes de adequação da CAPD − depuração fracional de uréia (KT/V) e depuração de creatinina total semanal (D cr total semanal), assim como, a taxa de catabolismo protéico (PCR) – e do teste de equilíbrio peritoneal (PET), em pacientes em programa regular de CAPD nos ambulatórios de Nefrologia do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre e do Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria. Foram incluídos 24 pacientes e efetuadas três avaliações consecutivas, com realização dos testes de adequação da diálise e do teste de equilíbrio peritoneal em cada avaliação. O intervalo entre a avaliação I e II foi de 43,3 ± 23,4 dias e entre a avaliação II e III foi de 66,2 ± 42,8 dias. Em cada avaliação foram coletados dialisado e urina de 24 horas para dosagem de creatinina e uréia. Amostra de sangue foi coletada no final da coleta de 24 horas para dosagem de uréia e creatinina. Foi medido o volume de dialisado e de urina de 24 horas. No final da coleta de 24 horas foi realizado o teste de equilíbrio peritoneal (PET), com uma solução de diálise com concentração de 2,5% e com duração de quatro horas. Com esses resultados, foi possível calcular cada teste e realizar a análise estatística. Na avaliação I , os testes de adequação da CAPD apresentaram médias de KT/V de 2,15 ± 0,44; D cr total semanal de 66,8 ± 14,5 litros/semana; PCR de 55,5 ± 16,0 g/dia e PCRn de 1,04 ± 0,21 g/kg/dia. Na avaliação II, os testes apresentaram médias de KT/V de 2,11 ± 0,39; D cr total semanal de 65,3 ± 13,3 litros/semana; PCR de 55,0 ± 14,6 g/dia e PCRn de 1,03 ± 0,23 g/kg/dia. Na avaliação III, as médias foram: para o KT/V, 2,18 ± 0,35; para Dcr total semanal, 63,0 ± 11,4 litros/semana; para PCR, 55,2 ± 16,7 g/dia e para PCRn, 1,05 ± 0,25 g/kg/dia. A comparação entre as médias foi feita pelo teste de análise de variância e comparações múltiplas. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as três avaliações consecutivas. A variabilidade dos testes de adequação da CAPD foi analisada através do coeficiente de variação, a concordância de cada teste, em cada avaliação, foi feita pelo teste de concordância de kappa e a associação, pelo teste do Qui-Quadrado. O KT/V apresentou coeficiente de variação média (CV%) de 9,78%; a D cr total semanal teve coeficiente de variação média de 8,84%; a PCR apresentou CV% médio de 7,74% e a PCRn teve CV% médio de 7,09%. Esses testes mostraram uma fraca a média concordância e não mostraram associação entre as três avaliações. Os componentes do teste de equilíbrio peritoneal apresentaram os seguintes coeficientes de variação: relação glicose dialisado T4/T0 de 20,2%; relação creatinina dialisado T4/creatinina plasmática T4 de 14,1%; e volume drenado na quarta hora de 5,0%. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as três avaliações consecutivas. A relação da glicose apresentou a maior variabilidade, seguida pela relação da creatinina e pelo volume de dialisado drenado na quarta hora. O teste de equilíbrio peritoneal não foi reproduzível. Em apenas 20% dos testes, foi possível classificar os pacientes quanto às características de transporte peritoneal, considerando os três critérios, nas três avaliações. Em 80% dos testes, a classificação foi feita por dois critérios coincidentes ou pela relação dialisado plasmática da creatinina. Na classificação final, a maioria dos testes de equilíbrio peritoneal foram médio alto e médio baixo transportadores. Os resultados mostram que os testes de adequação da CAPD e o PET não apresentam diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as três avaliações consecutivas. A variabilidade dos testes de adequação da diálise foi de 8 a 10%. A função renal residual apresentou variabilidade muito mais elevada que a depuração peritoneal. Os testes de adequação da CAPD também apresentam fraca a boa concordância, considerando as três avaliações. Essa variabilidade pode ser clinicamente significativa e deve ser considerada na avaliação e prescrição dos pacientes em CAPD.

Global stabilizing feedback law for a problem of biological control of mosquito-borne diseases

The control of the spread of dengue fever by introduction of the intracellular parasitic bacterium Wolbachia in populations of the vector Aedes aegypti, is presently one of the most promising tools for eliminating dengue, in the absence of an efficient vaccine. The success of this operation requires locally careful planning to determine the adequate number of mosquitoes carrying the Wolbachia parasite that need to be introduced into the natural population. The latter are expected to eventually replace the Wolbachia-free population and guarantee permanent protection against the transmission of dengue to human. In this paper, we propose and analyze a model describing the fundamental aspects of the competition between mosquitoes carrying Wolbachia and mosquitoes free of the parasite. We then introduce a simple feedback control law to synthesize an introduction protocol, and prove that the population is guaranteed to converge to a stable equilibrium where the totality of mosquitoes carry Wolbachia. The techniques are based on the theory of monotone control systems, as developed after Angeli and Sontag. Due to bistability, the considered input-output system has multivalued static characteristics, but the existing results are unable to prove almost-global stabilization, and ad hoc analysis has to be conducted.

Potencial terapêutico de um heparinóide isolado do invertebrado marinho Litopenaeus vannamei

The occurrence of bioactive compounds in marine organisms comes awaking the interest of the pharmaceutical industry. Heparin, a sulfated polysaccharide which presence was already identified in several marine invertebrates, is very attractive due its remarkable functional versatility. Besides to intervene in blood coagulation, this molecule has a great anti-inflammatory potential. However, its strong anticoagulant activity difficult the clinical exploitation of its anti-inflammatory properties. Thus, the aims of this work were to evaluate the effect of a heparin-like compound (heparinoid), isolated from the cephalotorax of the Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp, on the inflammatory response, hemostasia and synthesis of antithrombotic heparan sulfate by endothelial cells, besides studying some aspects concerning its structure. The purified heparinoid was structurally characterized following an analytical boarding, involving electrophoresis and chromatography. The structural analysis have shown that this compound possess a high content of glucuronic acid residues and disulfated disaccharide units. In contrast to mammalian heparin, the heparinoid was incapable to stimulate the synthesis of heparan sulfate by endothelial cells in the tested concentrations, beyond to show reduced anticoagulant activity and hemorrhagic effect. In a model of acute inflammation, the compound isolated from the shrimp reduced more than 50% of the cellular infiltration. Besides reduce the activity of MMP-9 and proMMP-2 of the peritoneal lavage of inflamed animals, the heparinoid also reduced the activity of MMP-9 secreted by activated human leukocytes. These results demonstrate the potential of heparinoid from L. vannamei to intervene in the inflammatory response. For possessing reduced anticoagulant activity and hemorrhagic effect, this compound can serve as a structural model to direct the development of more specific therapeutical agents to the treatment of inflammatory diseases

Chronic Diseases: Chronic Diseases and Development 2 Health, agricultural, and economic effects of adoption of healthy diet recommendations

Transition to diets that are high in saturated fat and sugar has caused a global public health concern as the pattern of food consumption is a mayor modifiable risk factor for chronic non-communicable diseases Although agri food systems are intimately associated with this transition, agriculture and health sectors are largely disconnected in their priorities policy, and analysis with neither side considering the complex inter relation between agri trade patterns of food consumption health, and development We show the importance of connection of these perspectives through estimation of the effect of adopting a healthy diet on population health, agricultural production trade the economy and livelihoods, with a computable general equilibrium approach on the basis of case studies from the UK and Brazil we suggest that benefits of a healthy diet policy will vary substantially between different populations, not only because of population dietary intake but also because of agricultural production trade and other economic factors

Peritoneal fluid changes in horses subjected to small colon distension

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Características celulares e bioquímicas do líquido peritoneal de equinos submetidos à obstrução experimental do duodeno, íleo e cólon maior

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Coenzyme Q(10) and its effects in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases

According to clinical and pre-clinical studies, oxidative stress and its consequences may be the cause or, at least, a contributing factor, to a large number of neurodegenerative diseases. These diseases include common and debilitating disorders, characterized by progressive and irreversible loss of neurons in specific regions of the brain. The most common neurodegenerative diseases are Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) has been extensively studied since its discovery in 1957. It is a component of the electron transportation chain and participates in aerobic cellular respiration, generating energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The property of CoQ(10) to act as an antioxidant or a pro-oxidant, suggests that it also plays an important role in the modulation of redox cellular status under physiological and pathological conditions, also performing a role in the ageing process. In several animal models of neurodegenerative diseases, CoQ(10) has shown beneficial effects in reducing disease progression. However, further studies are needed to assess the outcome and effectiveness of CoQ(10) before exposing patients to unnecessary health risks at significant costs.

Ação do extrato metanólico e etanólico de Davilla elliptica St. Hill. (Malpighiaceae) na resposta imune

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Zidovudine-Loaded PLA and PLA-PEG Blend Nanoparticles: Influence of Polymer Type on Phagocytic Uptake by Polymorphonuclear Cells

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)