Qualidade de vida e transporte público urbano: estratégias para melhorar a qualidade do serviço de transporte público urbano por ônibus

If urban planning is to support the equitable distribution of public goods and services, it must recognize and address the dismal condition of millions of poor people who are living in a city. The primary focus of contemporary planners and planning students should be on finding and advocating solutions that help eliminate the problems of today¿s cities. Any meaningful solution will need to be grounded in a thorough understanding of the social class inequities of citizens. With the rapid development of national economy and urbanization process in Brazil over the last two decades, the number of vehicles and their travels are dramatically increased. This is particularly evident in all large cities. Traffic congestion becomes more and more severe. Inadequate parking facilities often result in difficulty to find a parking space in large cities and many illegally parked vehicles can be seen on the crowed streets. These illegally parked vehicles further intensify traffic congestion and also pose a traffic safety hazard. The process of urbanization and motorization in Brazil is likely to continue in a rapid pace. The urban public passengers transport modes problems in large cities are likely to get even worse. There is an urgent need for the development of policy and criteria for public service of urban public passenger transport by bus in large cities. The purpose of survey is to develop policy guidelines for public transport services planning, design, construction and mobility management, that meet community needs for accessibility in large cities. So this thesis will present major comparative characteristics of urban mobility management, urban public passengers transport by bus services planning and the quality of social life in two towns of Brazil: Rio de Janeiro and Curitiba. The study case has been focused on Rio de Janeiro and Curitiba because of the major different results of the survey presented by the two cities. The objectives of this thesis are: a) to analyze and discus existing urban mobility related accessibility and economic development problems in large cities; b) to provide an overview of the relationship within city ¿ quality of social life ¿ urban mobility in Rio and Curitiba; c) to analyze and discuss existing urban mobility management related public transport services in Rio and Curitiba; d) to analyze and discuss existing quality of bus public transport services problems in Rio. Some preliminary recommendations for mobility management policies will also be presented.

O Processo de Concessão dos Sistemas de Transporte de Massa na Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro: Implicações na Organização e na Gestão de Transporte de Passageiros

O presente estudo procurou descrever e analisar o contexto em que se desenvolveu o processo de concessão dos sistemas de transporte de massa na Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, promovido pelo Programa Estadual de Desestatização ¿ PED, na gestão governamental compreendida entre os anos de 1995 e 1998, bem como avaliar suas implicações sobre o modelo de organização e gestão do transporte público regional então vigente. Seu desenvolvimento enfatizou três aspectos desse processo: a caracterização do cenário anterior à proposta de mudança, a análise substantiva da política representada pelo programa de concessões e a avaliação do novo cenário criado como conseqüência do programa. Sua metodologia pautou-se em consulta bibliográfica, volumosa análise documental, observação dos fatos e entrevistas desestruturadas com administradores e técnicos envolvidos no processo. Seus resultados evidenciaram as limitações dos modelos de análise e de planejamento tradicionalmente adotados para a formulação das políticas setoriais, a precariedade dos sistemas de transporte de passageiros regionais e a situação pelos sistemas de metrô, trens e barcas, consubstanciando um ambiente propício às propostas de sua transferência à gestão privada. Evidenciaram, ainda, que a iniciativa foi influenciada pelo contexto dos projetos de reforma do Estado patrocinados pelo Banco Mundial (BIRD), desenvolvendo-se sem referências relevantes na comunidade técnica setorial e gerando um cenário institucional frágil diante da tarefa de gerir os contratos dela resultantes. Embora pautado em estratégias de retomada de investimentos condizentes com as diretrizes do Plano de Transporte de Massa ¿ PTM, elaborado em 1994, a insipiência do programa não permite constatar, ainda tendências significativas no desempenho dos sistemas concedidos. São evidentes, entretanto, seus reflexos na desentruturação do modelo de gestão pública do transporte metropolitano sob responsabilidade do Estado.

A logística como ferramenta eficaz no transporte urbano de passageiros: o caso da empresa de transporte metropolitano Belém Rio

Este estudo trata a questão da Logística na operacionalização do transporte público por ônibus da Região Metropolitana de Belém - RMB, particularmente, da concessionária Empresa Belém Rio, que atua na Capital do Pará. O foco principal foi perceber se existem indicadores de desempenho eficaz na operacionalização mais racional e equilibrada desse modal de transporte. A pesquisa foi conduzida por uma revisão bibliográfica de estudos da Logística e suas operações, como também da utilização dessa ferramenta de gestão no transporte, seguido de uma apresentação do enfoque evolutivo da RMB, com especial atenção a questão do transporte de passageiros. A metodologia foi preparada para atender à pesquisa de campo e ao estudo descritivo. Consistiu basicamente na determinação de variáveis extraídas de indicadores que tiveram por base o conceito de Logística. O questionário foi estruturado com base nessas vertentes e aplicados à uma população de 44 sujeitos, funcionários da referida empresa. Além desse procedimento foi realizada uma entrevista com a gerência executiva, na intenção não de tratamento, mas de buscar informações que pudessem subsidiar a análise. Os dados coletados no instrumento metodológico foram tratados e sistematizados em gráficos e tabelas por ferramentas estatísticas. Na análise dos dados quantificados, foi utilizada a literatura para cruzamento de informações, além do que o uso de algumas falas de respondentes. Dentro dos resultados obtidos, encontram-se observações que podem subsidiar algumas tomadas de decisão para a melhoria de desempenho da citada empresa. Além do que, disponibilizadas percepções que poderão ser utilizadas por outros estudos.

Quality change in Brazilian automobiles

In this paper I investigate the quality evolution ofBrazilian autos. To measure the quality evolution of Brazilian autos, I have assembled a data set for Brazilian passenger cars for the period 1960-1994, to which I have applied the hedonic pricing methodology. To the best of my k:nowledge, this is the first time an index of quality change has been constructed for the Brazilian automobile industry. The results presented here have two major implications. They allow a better -- ......... understanding of product innovation in Brazil's auto industry, and they provide a clearer explanation of the behavior of auto prices.

Modified value stream mapping of airport check-in procedures

In June 2014 Brazil hosted the FIFA World Cup and in August 2016 Rio de Janeiro hosts the Summer Olympics. These two seminal sporting events will draw tens of thousands of air travelers through Brazil’s airports, airports that are currently in the midst of a national modernization program to address years of infrastructure neglect and insufficient capacity. Raising Brazil’s major airports up to the standards air travelers experience at major airports elsewhere in the world is more than just a case of building or remodeling facilities, processes must also be examined and reworked to enhance traveler experience and satisfaction. This research paper examines the key interface between airports and airline passengers—airport check-in procedures—according to how much value and waste there is associated with them. In particular, the paper makes use of a value stream mapping construct for services proposed by Martins, Cantanhede, and Jardim (2010). The uniqueness of this construct is that it attributes each activity with a certain percentage and magnitude of value or waste which can then be ordered and prioritized for improvement. Working against a fairly commonly expressed notion in Brazil that Brazil’s airports are inferior to the airports of economically advanced countries, the paper examines Rio’s two major airports, Galeão International and Santos Dumont in comparison to Washington D.C.’s Washington National and Dulles International airports. The paper seeks to accomplish three goals: - Determine whether there are differences in airport passenger check-in procedures between U.S. and Brazilian airports in terms of passenger value - Present options for Brazilian government or private sector authorities to consider adopting or implementing at Brazilian airports to maximize passenger value - Validate the Martins et al. construct for use in evaluating the airport check-in procedures Observations and analysis proved surprising in that all airports and service providers follow essentially the same check-in processes but execute them differently yet still result in similar overall performance in terms of value and waste. Although only a few activities are categorized as completely wasteful (and therefore removed in the revised value stream map of check-in activities), the weighting and categorization of individual activities according to their value (or waste) presents decision-makers a means to prioritize possible corrective actions. Various overall recommendations are presented based on this analysis. Most importantly, this paper demonstrates the viability of using the construct developed by Martins et al to examine airport operations, as well as its applicability to the study of other service industry processes.

Strategic options development and analysis: the case of the brazilian railways

Judging by their success in Europe, Asia and North America, passenger and cargo railways are appreciated as the key to infrastructural development in Brazil. The issues are complex and steeped in uncertainty, as well as political and economic agendas, and a wide array of intersecting issues such as business and unionized interests, agricultural and industrial geographical spreads, as well as the emergence of alternative power sources. Not only are the issues systemic, but railway development itself always comes as a physical network structure. The situation under consideration, in other words, is systemic from both the soft and hard systems point of view, thus promising a rich context for systems studies. As an initial attempt in understanding the situation at hand, the research reported here applied the problem structuring approach known as Strategic Options Development and Analysis (SODA) in order to map and analyze issues facing the Brazilian railways. Strategic options for the future development of the railways were identified and analyzed, and ways forward for future research are proposed. In addition, the report serves as an initial knowledge base that can guide future systemic planning studies in the industry.

Avaliação de concessões aeroportuárias através da teoria das opções reais: o caso do Aeroporto de Guarulhos

Este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar o setor aeroportuário e o mercado de concessões brasileiro e criar um modelo para precificação de um projeto de concessão do aeroporto de Guarulhos. Para isso, foram utilizados dados reais obtidos através dos resultados da concessionária e também dados divulgados publicamente, como inflação e crescimento do PIB, além de projeções baseadas em premissas estabelecidas. Foram considerados diferentes cenários com o objetivo de comparar os resultados, que indicaram uma sensibilidade significativa do modelo às variações de demanda de passageiros e também à flexibilização do cronograma de investimentos.

Qualificação de edifícios residenciais verticais em Natal/RN à luz do regulamento técnico da qualidade para o nível de eficiência energética de edificações residenciais (RTQ-R)

The goal of the research was to investigate the energy performance of residential vertical buildings envelope in the hot and humid climate of Natal, capital of Rio Grande do Norte, based in the Technical Regulation of Quality for Energy Efficiency Level in Residential Buildings (RTQ -R), launched in 2010. The study pretends to contribute to the development of design strategies appropriate to the specific local climate and the increasing of energy efficiency level of the envelope. The methodological procedures included the survey in 22 (twenty two) residential buildings, the formulation of representative prototypes based on typological and constructives characters researched and the classification of the level of energy efficiency in the envelopment of these prototypes, using as a tool the prescriptive method of the RTQ-R and the parametric analyzes from assigning different values of the following variables: shape of the pavement type; distribution of housing compartments; orientation of the building; area and shading of openings; thermal transmittance, and solar absorptance of opaque materials of the frontage in order to evaluate the influence of these on the envelopment performance. The main results accomplished with this work includes the qualification of vertical residential buildings in Natal/RN; the verification of the adequacy of these buildings to local climate based from the diagnosis of the thermal energy of the envelopment performance, the identification of variables with more significant influence on the prescriptive methodology of RTQ-R and design solutions more favorable to obtain higher levels energy efficiency by this method. Finally, it was verified, that some of these solutions proved contradictory in relation to the recommendations contained in the theoretical approaches regarding environmental comfort in hot and humid weather, which indicates the need for improvement of the prescriptive method RTQ-R and further research on efficient design solutions

Análise do comportamento e crescimento do camarão branco Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) em diferentes substratos inconsolidados

The aim of this study was to test the sediment preference of L. vannamei shrimp. It was observed shrimp visit frequency, swimming and burying behaviour at different sediment compositions for 24h. Juvenile (0.93 ± 0.29g) and sub-adult shrimps (10.0 ± 1.18g) were obtained from the aquaculture station at Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido UFERSA, and held in a plastic tank (water volume 500 L) supplied with aerated water and kept at constant temperature, pH, and salinity. Shrimp was fed by commercial shrimp dry food. The experimental substrates were composed by A: medium sand + thick sand + very thick sand + gravel; B: very fine sand + fine sand; and C: silt + clay. Thus, six different substrate combinations were tested: A, B, C, A+B, A+C, B+C. To test preference, it was used a cylindrical tank (40 l) divided into six differently substrate compartments. A single shrimp was introduced each tank and the frequency at which this shrimp visited each compartment was recorded over a 24h study period. It was tested 54 shrimp (18 sub-adult males, 18 subadult females and 18 juveniles). For each trial, sediment and water were changed to avoid pheromones and residues influence. Shrimp were weighted and sub-adults were divided by sex: males present petasma and females present thelycum. Data were collected on the experimental day at 19:30; 20:30; 00:30; 1:30; 05:30; 06:30; 13:30 and 14:30 h. At each time point, shrimp were observed for 20-min periods, in which we noted down which compartment the shrimp was occupying at 2-min intervals. Thus, for each period we had eleven observations (88 observations per day). For observations at night, it was used dim red light that did not affect shrimp behaviour. At each 20-min period, it was observed visit frequency in each substrate, if shrimp was burred or not or if it was swimming. There was not significant difference between light and dark burry activity for females. Swimming activity was significantly higher at night, mainly at 00:30 and 01:30 h. All L. vannamei shrimp showed preference for sediment B. This animal presents cyclic activity, spends the day light period buried and swims at night

Poly(Lactide-co-Glycolide) Nanocapsules Containing Benzocaine: Influence of the Composition of the Oily Nucleus on Physico-Chemical Properties and Anesthetic Activity

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação de efeitos de um extrato aquoso de cinnamomum zeylanicum L. na marcação de constituintes sanguíneos com tecnécio-99m e na morfologia das hemácias de ratos wistar

Radiobiocomplexes are used to obtain images in nuclear medicine and employed in basic research. Blood constituents labeled with technetium-99m (99mTc) have also been employed as radiobiocomplexes and used also experimental model for evaluation of the biological effects of natural or synthetic drugs. The analysis of the morphology and the morphometrics parameters (perimeter/área ratio) can be used to evaluate the effects of drugs upon the structure of the membrane of red blood cells. Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon) is a spice used as herbal medicine to treat diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of in vitro and in vivo treatment with an aqueous cinnamon extract on the labeling of blood constituents with 99mTc and on the morphology of red blood cells from Wistar rats. In the in vitro treatment, isolated blood sample from animals were incubated with cinnamon extract. In the in vivo treatment, blood samples were also withdrawn from animals treated with cinnamon extract. In both cases, the radiolabeling of blood constituents was done. The morphological analysis of red blood cells was also done. As control, blood or animals treated with NaCl 0.9%. The data obtained on the labeling of blood constituents with 99mTc experiments indicated that the in vitro treatment with cinnamon extract was capable to decrease signiicantly (p<0.05) the percentage of radioactivity in cellular compartments and on the fixation of cellular and plasma proteins. These effects were not observed on the in vivo treatment. The results obtained for the morphology of red blood cells suggest that the in vitro and in vivo treatments did not alter the morphology and the perimeter/area ratio. The in vitro treatment with aqueous cinnamon extract could affect the membrane structures related with the oxidation status of the stannous ion pertechnetate ion, altering the labeling of blood constituentes with 99mTc. This study was a multidisciplinary experimental research. It was developed with the contribution of the different Departments and Services of the Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto of the Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro

Compartimentação fisiográfica para análise ambiental do potencial erosivo a partir das propriedades da rede de drenagem

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo compartimentar a sub-bacia do Baixo Rio Piracicaba - SP, em unidades homogêneas quanto à potencialidade à erosão visando a subsidiar o gerenciamento ambiental. A importância desta pesquisa concentra-se no intenso desenvolvimento dos processos erosivos na área em foco e na sua importância socioeconômica em níveis estadual e nacional. O procedimento adotado para atingir o objetivo foi a análise da rede de drenagem e dos lineamentos obtidos pelas imagens TM/Landsat-5. O resultado obtido foi a divisão da área em quatro compartimentos quanto à potencialidade à erosão: muito alta, alta, média e baixa. Concluiu-se que a área estudada é heterogênea, com regiões sujeitas a diferentes intensidades de processos erosivos e que a sistemática adotada se mostrou eficiente para caracterizar as compartimentações fisiográficas da potencialidade erosiva, e essas compartimentações podem e devem ser utilizadas como ponto de partida para estudos ambientais e de utilização do território, em consonância com o desenvolvimento sustentável.

Mineralogy of the clay fraction of alfisols in two slope curvatures: IV - spatial correlation with physical properties

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Systemic and local antibodies induced by an experimental inactivated vaccine against bovine herpesvirus type 1

Uma vacina experimental inativada contra o herpesvírus bovino tipo 1 (BoHV-1) foi produzida com o objetivo de se avaliar a resposta imune humoral local e sistêmica contra o BoHV-1, em 12 novilhas soronegativas, após a vacinação e a revacinação. Os soros foram submetidos à prova de vírus-neutralização para quantificação do título de anticorpos neutralizantes e a um ELISA para detecção de IgG1 e IgG2. Os swabs nasais também foram submetidos ao ELISA para detecção de IgG1 e IgG2 na secreção nasal. Os resultados demonstraram que títulos de anticorpos neutralizantes foram induzidos após a revacinação, em níveis moderados a altos, permanecendo em níveis significativos no soro sanguíneo e na secreção nasal até o dia 114 pós-vacinação. O IgG2 foi o isótipo predominante na maior parte do período pós-vacinação, tanto na secreção nasal, como no compartimento sistêmico. A vacina experimental inativada contra o BoHV-1 estimulou níveis de anticorpos potencialmente protetores dos isótipos IgG1 e IgG2, tanto no compartimento sistêmico, como nas mucosas.

Gastric Torsion from an Intestinal Hernia Through a Rent in the Gastrosplenic Ligament in a Horse

The present report describes an 8-year-old gelding presenting with signs of severe abdominal pain. After performing a thorough physical examination, including rectal palpation and additional diagnostic tests, an exploratory laparotomy was recommended. The jejunum was found herniated through the gastrosplenic ligament, and the stomach was severely distended with gas. Given a poor prognosis, the horse was euthanized on the table. At necropsy, the stomach appeared dilated, with an 180 horizontal gastric torsion, from left (lateral) to right (medial), dividing the organ into dorsal and ventral compartments. We believe that the chronic traction exerted by an incarcerated and distended loop of jejunum, in the dorsal aspect of the gastrosplenic ligament, associated with trauma during episodes of intense rolling, enlarged the rent until it ruptured. Because of this rupture, the lateral dorsal aspect of the stomach became unattached, predisposing it to the torsion. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.