Intervenção precoce: as preocupações e os apoios sociais das mães do Vale do Sousa

Dissertação de mestrado em Educação Especial (área de especialização em Intervenção Precoce)

Modos de circulação: travessia do Vale do Cávado

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Arquitectura (área de especialização em Cultura Arquitetónica)

INFLUENCIA DE LAS VARIACIONES ECOLÒGICAS Y AMBIENTALES EN LA EMERGENCIA DE FLAVIVIRUS DE IMPORTANCIA SANITARIA EN LA CIUDAD DE CÓRDOBA

El VSLE, desde el año 2002, reemergió como agente etiológico de encefalitis en humanos en América del Sur, generando casos aislados en Argentina. Córdoba sufrió recientemente la introducción de los virus Dengue y VWN y la emergencia del virus SLE como patógeno causante de encefalitis en humanosel cual sorpresivamente, en el verano-otoño de 2005, produjo por primera vez una epidemia de encefalitis en humanos en Córdoba ciudad, inédita para América del sur. Nuestros estudios permitieron conocer que el ciclo de transmisión estaría integrado por mosquitos Cx quinquefasciatus y Cx. interfor y palomas Zenaida auriculata y Columbina picui.Sobre VWN, estrechamente relacionado a VSLE, los primeros antecedentes de actividad en Argentina son del año 2006. Sin embargo, en poblaciones silvestres de aves, confirmamos por seroprevalencia su actividad desde fines del año 2004. Desconocemos el ciclo del VWN en Argentina, aunque, demostramos preliminarmente que Columbina picui actuaría como hospedador en el ciclo de mantenimiento del virus. Estos resultados similares a los obtenidos para el VSLE indicarían que ambos virus podrían compartir hospedadores aviares en Argentina.Las escasas notificaciones sobre WNV en humanos en el país,muestran registros de casos de encefalitis por este virus en las provincias de Chaco, Córdoba y Entre Ríos en 2006 y en Córdoba, Formosa, y Santa Fe en 2007.En referencia a virus Dengue, en el año 1997 ocurrieron los primeros casos autóctonos de esta enfermedad ( Degue 2), en la provincia de Salta, con un total acumulado de casos hasta el 2007 de 4700. En la epidemia ocurrida recientemente en el 2009 el número de casos confirmados por laboratorio y/o nexo epidemiológico superó los 25.000.El virus DEN, junto con los virus SLE y WN co-circulan en tiempo y espacio en las regiones centrales y norte de nuestro país, generando complicaciones a la hora del diagnóstico de casos febriles.Los factores que provocaron la re-emergencia del VSLE y emergencia de los virus DEN y WN en la región central de Argentina se desconocen al presente. La variabilidad climática ligada a ENSO ( El NIño / Southern oscillation) ha demostrado incrementar las enfermedades de transmisión vectorial tales como encefalitis por Murray Valley, malaria, bluuetongue .Considerando que el cambio en las condiciones climáticas y el uso de la tierra observadas en la ciudad de Córdoba y zona rural del arco sur de la laguna de Mar Chiquita podrían influir en la actividad espacio-temporal de los virus DEN, SLE y WN, el objetivo de proyecto es determinar la influencia de las variaciones climáticas y modificaciones ambientales sobre la actividad de flavivirus de importancia sanitaria en las zonas seleccionadas de la provincia de Córdoba. Se generará una Base de Datos obtenidos sobre mosquitos ,aves y metereológicos retrospectivos y prospectivos que serán sometidos A Diversos Análisis Estadísticos. Se desarrollará y aplicará un SIG Para El Estudio De La Influencia De Modificaciones Ambientales Y Climáticas Sobre La Emergencia De Flavivirus. Se Realizarán Inoculaciones Experimentales En Aves Domésticas Y Silvestres A Fin De Evaluar Su Rol Como Hospedadores. Se Realizarán Estudios Experimentales De competencia Vectorial De Aedes Aegypti, Culex Interfor Y Cx. Quinquefasciatus.Se estudiaran factores ambientales y ecológicos de criaderos de Cx quinquefasciatus En La Ciudad De Córdoba Que Afectan Sus Dinámicas Poblacionales Y Factibles De Ser Aplicados En El Diseño De Planes De Vigilancia De Los Virus Sle Y Wn Y Control De Vectores.Así También Se Desarrollarará Un Modelo Para Predecir Posibles CriadeMediante El Uso De Sensores Remotos Satelitales Se Estudiaran Las Fluctuaciónes Espacio-Temporal De Ae. Aegypti.El proyecto brindará la información necesaria para analizar el rol de las variaciones por el cambio climático que sufre la región en la emergencia de enfermedades virales endémicas de transmisión vectorial.

Определение мощности и фракционной дифференциации селевых наносов в пойме р. Дуруджи по геофизическим данным

სტატიაში მოცემულია დურუჯის აუზში სელური ნალექების სიმძლავრის, ფრაქციული დიფერენციაციის, გაწყლიანების ხარისხის, ძირითადი ქანების ლითოლოგიური არაერთგვაროვნების, მიკროტექტონიკური სურათის დაზუსტება და მიწისქვეშა ფილტრაციული ნაკადის გაბატონებული მიმართულების დადგენა ძიების გეოფიზიკური (გეოელექტრული და სეისმომეტრიული) მეთოდებით.

Ingalik contact ecology : an ethnohistory of the lower-middle Yukon, James W. VanStone, Curator, North American Archaeology and Ethnology, Field Museum of Natural History.

v.71(1979)

Trophic ecology of Lontra longicaudis (Carnivora, Mustelidae) in lotic and semilotic environments in southeastern Brazil

Lontra longicaudis (Olfers, 1818) (Carnivora, Mustelidae) is a semi-aquatic animal spread through the Central and South America, except in Chile. The implantation of a hydroelectric power plant along a river alters the dynamics of the watercourse, transforming a lotic environment into a lentic or semilotic one, what can damage the otter's feeding. From April 2008 to March 2009 we analysed the otter's food habits in lotic (streamlet) and semilotic (hydroelectric reservoir) environments of Paranapanema Valley, in southeastern Brazil. Aiming to compare the otter's diet of these two environments, we analyzed statistically the frequency of occurrence of main items in the scats. Fishes represent the base of the diet both in the reservoir and in the streamlet and, despite of the total otter's diet showing up similarities in the two environments, the results evidenced modifications on the fish species consumed between them. In the reservoir the otters ate more exotic fish Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) probably because it is an easy capture prey in this place. The fact that the otters get established and feed in the reservoir doesn't mean that this structure is benefic to the species because the food supplied for it consists mainly of exotic fish species.

Estudos dos agrupamentos vegetativos relacionados com as áreas onde foram efetuadas as pesquisas sôbre a febre amarela silvestre no Município de Passos, Estado de Minas Gerais

The work reported here was carried-out on the invitation of Dr. Henry Kumm, Director of the Rockefeller Foundation, and by appointment from Dr. Henrique Aragão, Director of the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. It was done during the investigation of sylvan yellow fever, in June 1947, with a view to establishing the phyto-ecological conditions of the county of Passos. The pe¬riod was, however, too short for definite conclusions to be reached. Thanks are due to Dr. O. R. Causey, Chief of Research on Yellow Fever for transpor¬tation and other help. THE REGIONAL VEGETATION. Aerial photographs of the county of Passos shoto that it is covered by three great types of vegetation: Rain Forest, Secondary Pasture Land and Scrub.1 Detailed investigation, however, brings out the fact that these correspond to different seres; furthermore, each type presents not only the specific, characteristics of the biological form dominant for the climate, but also are at various stages, which express HABITATS differing from those of the normal sere. The phytogeographic survey of the region shows that most of it is now covered by secondary pasture land (disclimax) in which Melinis minutiflora, v. "fat grass" (fig. 1), predominates. The mosaic of Rain Forest and of small patches of Scrub reveals the effects of human intervention (BARRETO, H. L. de Mello 1); consequently, all the formations have to be regarded as secon¬dary, though some of them probably include relicts of the primitive climax (WARMING, E. 2). On close examination, the Scrub cannot be considered as the climax, because of the following facts: 1. In the zone of Rain-Forest stretches of forest are present in very varied topographic conditions and the reconstitution of the associations show that man has destroyed an ecological unit (fig. 2). 2. In the zone of Scrub the characteristic patches are small. The banks of rivers and brooks, the valleys and ravine and whatever the soil has retained some humidity, is being invaded fry Rain Forest, which seems to be growing under optimum conditions. The Scrub is thus limited to small belts on the calcareous mountains and on sandy soils with alcaline depths (pH abo¬ve 7) which do not retain enough moisture for the Rain Forest that is progres¬sively restricting the area occupied by Scrub. In view of the topographic and present climatic conditions the Rain Forest must consequently be regarded as the regional climax. The presence of ecologically contradictory elements and associations shows that the real problem is that of the fluctuations of the climate of Passos or even of Minas Geraes during the quaternary and recent periods (DAN-SEREAU, P. : 3), a subject on which little is known and which is tied to the evolution of the climate of Brazil (OLIVEIRA, E. : 4) . The transformation of Scrub into Rain Forest has been - observed by the author before, in other parts of Brazil (VELOSO, PL P.: 5) . It seems probable that the Rio Grande has also greatly influenced the change of the regional vegetation, by invading areas of Scrub and dislocating the limit of the Pluvial climate towards the Canastra Range, though there are remnants of Scrub (postclimax) transfor¬med into secondary open country (disclimax, fig. 5) by human devastation and the setting of fire to the land. VEGETATION GROUPS OF THE PLUVIAL TYPE. The map of the region also shows that at the present time the small patches of forest (whether devasted or intact) occupy the least accessible places, such as valleys, peaks and abrupt slopes (fig. 2). Even these are now being destroyed, so that in the near future this forested region will be en¬tirely reduced to poor pasture land unless energetic measures of conservation are undertaken in time. The Special Service for Prophylaxis against Yellow Fever installed two of their four Stations for the Capture of Mosquitos in this area, one of them at Batatal and the other at Cachoeira, which have separate formations each of them composed of several associations. Other vegetation formations were also analysed, from the synecological point of view, so as to ascertain of which degree of succession their associations belong. These phytosociological sur¬veys give an idea of the principal characteristics of each station. BATATAL FORMATION. The abrupt nature of the valley has rendered this location inappropriate for agricultural purposes since colonial times. The relict of the primitive forest climax saved by this circumstance has expanded gradually to zones whose paedologic conditions favour the eatablishment of mesophilous species. The aerial photograph shows two small stretches of forest, one apparently primi¬tive, the other composed of associations belonging to the subclimax of the subsere. CACHOEIRA FORMATION. Aerial photographs show that this station is crossed by a small river, which divides it into two separate parts. The first, which presents ecological conditions similar, though not identical to those of Batatal, is favoured by topography and apparently remains primitive forest. Though the topography of the other, on the whole, favours the establishment of groups belonging to the normal sere of the climax, is has been partly devastated recently and the aspect of the associations has been completely modified. It was is this part that the four posts for the capturing of mosquitos were set up. The first forest is favoured by deposition of organic matter, washed out from the nearby devasted areas by torrential rains, and thus provides, an appropriate HABITAT for the climax species with certain hygrophilous trends of the ecological quasiclimax type. This association seems to have reached a biological equilibrium, as the dominates. Gallesia gorarema and Cariniana legalis (fig. 10), present an optimum vitality with a vigorous habit and a normal evolutionary cycle. The Cariniantum legalis Gallesiosum equilibrium, corresponds however, to a provisory association, because if the moving of soil by torrential rains should cease it would become possible…

Estudi i revalorització dels paisatges culturals de l'alta muntanya pirinenca: la vall del Madriu (Andorra), patrimoni de la humanitat de la UNESCO

Estudi arqueològic integrat de la vall del Madriu-Perafita-Claror (Andorra) iniciat al 2004 sota la coordinació de l’ICAC. L’estudi s’insereix en la declaració de la vall com a Patrimoni de la Humanitat (UNESCO). Las recerques s’enfoquen des de l’Arqueologia del Paisatge, de manera diacrònica i pluridisciplinar, fent especial atenció a les relacions de les societats amb el medi. Les restes arqueològiques treballades s’associen a activitats ramaderes, metal•lúrgiques i de carboneig. La recerca paleoecològica se centra en sediments lacustres, torbosos i arqueològics. L’any 2006, s’han analitzat a alta resolució temporal dues seqüencies palinològiques: l’estany Blau (2471 m) i la torbera de Bosc dels Estanyons (2180 m), obtenint les principals fases d’explotació i antropització d’aquest espai altimontà, així com l’evolució del paisatge en els darrers 11000 anys . La campanya de camp s’ha centrat en l’obtenció de mostres de pluja pol•línica referencial a la vall i en el sondatge de l’estany Forcat (2539 m). Un total de tres mostres han estat enviades a datar per C14. Els treballs arqueològics s’han centrat en l’excavació de sondejos de diagnòstic als jaciments de Basses de Setut (2325 m) i Pleta de les Bacives ( 2530 m) i en la realització de prospeccions a les capçaleres de les valls de Madriu, Perafita i Claror. S’han documentat estructures arqueològiques i s’han realitzat estudis antracològics dels sediments excavats en aquestes. S’ha realitzat un transecte altitudinal de carboneres al llarg de la vall per tal de enregistrar una major diversitat cronològica dels espais de carboneig. S’han enviat datacions C14 per tal de determinar la cronologia de les estructures. Les datacions del 2005 mostren una intensa ocupació ramadera i de carboneig a partir del segle XIV, en època baixmedieval i moderna, així com un establiment metal·lúrgic d’època romana.

The finding of Enterobius vermicularis eggs in pré-Columbian human coprolites

Enterobius vermicularis eggs were found in human coprolites collected in the archaeological site of Caserones, Tarapaca Valley, Chile, dating from 400 BC to 800 AD. The human pinworm had already been found in other pre-historic archaeological sites in America, and its introduction in this continent is discussed.