Romifidine or xylazine combined with ketamine in dogs premedicated with methotrimeprazine

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação do caráter oxidante da violaceína

Violacein is a violet pigment isolated from many gram-negative bacteria, especially from Chromobacterium violaceum, a betaproteobacterium found in the Amazon River in Brazil. It has potential medical applications as an antibacterial, fungicide, anti-tryptanocidal, anti-ulcerogenic and anti-cancer drug, among others. Furthermore, its pro-oxidant activity has been suggested, but only in two specific tumor lineages. Thus, in the present study, the prooxidant effects of violacein were investigated in both normal and tumor cells, seeking to evaluate the cell responses. The evaluation of violacein cytotoxicity using the Trypan blue dye exclusion method indicated that CHO-K1 cells were more resistant than tumor HeLa cells. The oxidative stress induced by violacein was manifested as an increase in intracellular SOD activity in CHO-K1 and MRC-5 cells at a specific concentration range. Nevertheless, a decrease was detected specifically at 6-12 μM in HeLa and MRC-5 cells. Interestingly, the increase in SOD activity was not followed by a concomitant increase in catalase activity. Regarding to oxidative stress biomarkers, increased protein carbonylation and lipid hydroperoxides levels were detected respectively in CHO-K1 and MRC-5 cells treated with violacein at 1.5-3 μM and 3 μM, which may be an evidence that this compound causes oxidative stress specifically in these conditions. Additionally, it is believed that the decline in cell viability observed in MRC-5 cells and HeLa treated with violacein at 6-12 M is due to mechanisms not related to oxidative stress. Moreover, the results suggested that violacein might cause oxidative stress by increasing endogenous levels of O2 -, since the occurrence of an expressive change in SOD activity. In addition, in order to evaluate the antioxidant activity of violacein in the absence of a biological system, the total antioxidant and iron chelating activity were evaluated, so that antioxidant activities were detected at 30 and 60 μM of violacein. Altogether, the results indicate that although oxidative stress is triggered by incubation with violacein, it did not seem to be high enough to cause serious damage to cell biomolecules in HeLa cells and only at specific concentrations in CHOK-1 and MRC-5 cells. Comparing the results obtained in cell culture and the in vitro antioxidant activity evaluation, the results confirmed that violacein presents opposing oxidant features when in presence or absence of a biological system and the antioxidant character only occurs at high concentrations of the pigment.

Propriedades magnéticas de ortoferritas de lantânio dopadas com estrôncio

Samples of lanthanum Ortoferrites doped with strontium were synthesized in a single phase by the sol-gel method. Two samples were prepared, one by varying the concentration of strontium in lanthanum ortoferrites La1−xSrxFeO3−δ with (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5), and another batch of samples of type, La1/3Sr2/3FeO3−δ, now varying only the temperature of calcination. Our samples were obtained by Pechini method and sintered in air and oxygen atmospheric. Their crystal structures were determined by x-ray diraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), where we observed that the samples (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) have orthorhombic symmetry and the volume of the single cell decreases with the increasing of concentration of strontium. For x = 0.5 it is only observed the simple phase when that is sintered in O2 atmospheric. Their magnetic characteristics were obtained by the Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetic measurements. The magnetization measurements for samples La1−xSrxFeO3−δ with (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) revealed that the magnetization decreases with increasing concentration of strontium, but for the sample x = 0.4 the magnetization shows a high coercive field and a ferrimagnetic behavior, which is attributed to a small amount of strontium hexaferrite. As for the samples La1/3Sr2/3FeO3−δ calcined between 800 oC e 1200 oC. The hysteresis curves revealed two distinct behaviors: an declined antiferromagnetic behavior (Canted) for samples calcined between 800 oC and 1000 oC and a paramagnetic behavior for the samples calcined at 1100 oC e 1200 o C. Thermal hysteresis and sharp peaks around the Néel temperature (TN), over the curves of specific heat as a function of temperature was only observed in calcined samples with 1100 oC and 1200 oC. This eect is attributed to the charge ordering. These results indicate that the charge ordering occurs only in the samples without oxygen deficiency. Magnetic measurements as a function of temperature are also in agreement with this interpretation

Propriedades magnéticas e magnetorresistência em filmes finos de Ni81Fe19

The ferromagnetic materials play an important role in the development of various electronic devices and, have great importance insofar as they may determine the efficiency, cost and, size of the devices. For this reason, many scientific researches is currently focused on the study of materials at ever smaller scales, in order to understand and better control the properties of nanoscale systems, i.e. with dimensions of the order of nanometers, such as thin film ferromagnetic. In this work, we analyze the structural and magnetic properties and magnetoresistance effect in Permalloy-ferromagnetic thin films produced by magnetron sputtering. In this case, since the magnetoresistance effect dependent interfaces of thin films, this work is devoted to the study of the magnetoresistance in samples of Permalloy in nominal settings of: Ta[4nm]/Py[16nm]/Ta[4nm], Ta[4nm]/Py[16nm]/O2/Ta[4nm], Ta[4nm]/O2/Py[16nm]/Ta[4nm], Ta[4nm]/O2/Py[16n m]/O2/Ta[4nm], as made and subjected to heat treatment at temperatures of 160ºC, 360ºC e 460ºC, in order to verify the influence of the insertion of the oxygen in the layer structure of samples and thermal treatments carried out after production of the samples. Results are interpreted in terms of the structure of the samples, residual stresses stored during deposition, stresses induced by heat treatments and magnetic anisotropies

IVF/ICSI outcomes after culture of human embryos at low oxygen tension: a meta-analysis

Background: Improved pregnancy, implantation, and birth rates have been reported after the use of reduced O2 concentration during embryo culture, mainly due to a reduction of the cumulative detrimental effects of reactive oxygen species. However, some studies have failed to report any positive effects. The objective of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of a low-O2 environment on IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcomes.Methods: All available published and ongoing randomised trials that compared the effects of low (similar to 5%; OC similar to 5) and atmospheric (similar to 20%; OC similar to 20) oxygen concentrations on IVF/ICSI outcomes were included. Search strategies included online surveys of databases from 1980 to 2011. The outcomes measured were fertilisation rate, implantation rate and ongoing pregnancy rates. The fixed effects model was used to calculate the odds ratio.Results: Seven studies were included in this analysis. The pooled fertilisation rate did not differ significantly (P = 0.54) between the group of oocytes cultured at low O2 tension and the group at atmospheric O2 tension. Concerning all cycles, the implantation (P = 0.06) and ongoing pregnancy (P = 0.051) rates were not significantly different between the group receiving transferred sets containing only OC similar to 5 embryos and the group receiving transferred sets with only OC similar to 20 embryos. In a meta-analysis performed for only those trials in which embryos were transferred on day 2/3, implantation (P = 0.63) and ongoing pregnancy (P = 0.19) rates were not significantly different between the groups. In contrast, when a meta-analysis was performed using only trials in which embryos were transferred on days 5 and 6 (at the blastocyst stage), the group with transferred sets of only OC similar to 5 embryos showed a statistically significantly higher implantation rate (P = 0.006) than the group receiving transferred sets with only OC similar to 20 embryos, although the ongoing pregnancy (P = 0.19) rates were not significantly different between the groups.Conclusions: Despite some promising results, it seems too early to conclude that low O2 culture has an effect on IVF outcome. Additional randomised controlled trials are necessary before evidence-based recommendations can be provided. It should be emphasised that the present meta-analysis does not provide any evidence that low oxygen concentration is unnecessary.

A function to predict the risk for death in the neonatal sepsis

This was a prospective study of 43 septic neonates at the NICU of the School of Medicine of Botucatu, São Paulo State University. Clinical and laboratory data of sepsis were analyzed based on outcome divided into two groups, survival and death. We calculated the discriminatory power of the relevant variables for the diagnosis of sepsis in each group, and using software for Discriminant Analysis, a function was proposed. There were 43 septic cases with 31 survivals and 12 deaths. The variables that had the highest discriminatory power were: n(o) of compromised systems, the SNAP, FiO2, and (A-a)O2. The study of these and others variables, such as birth weight, n(o) of risk factors, and pH using a Linear Discriminant Function(LDF) allowed us to identify the high-risk neonates for death with a low error rate (8.33%). The LDF was: F = 0.00043 (birth weight) + 0.30367 (n(o) of risk factors) - 0.1171 (n(o) of compromised systems) + 0.33223 (SNAP) + 2.27972 (pH) - 14.96511 (FiO2) + 0.01814 ((A-a)O2). If F > 22.77 there was high risk of death. This study suggests that the LDF at the onset of sepsis is useful for the early identification of the high-risk neonates that need special clinical and laboratory surveillance.

Oxigenoterapia inalatória em pacientes pediátricos internados em hospital universitário

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o uso da oxigenoterapia inalatória em crianças internadas em hospital universitário. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo de crianças atendidas no Pronto-Socorro Pediátrico do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu e que receberam oxigenoterapia durante a internação, de maio a setembro de 2005. Indicou-se oxigenoterapia se saturação de oxigênio inferior a 90% e frequência respiratória elevada para idade. Crianças em uso crônico de oxigênio ou com necessidade de ventilação mecânica foram excluídas. Foram avaliados: sintomas respiratórios, diagnósticos clínicos, saturação de oxigênio, método e tempo de oxigenoterapia e responsável pela prescrição. RESULTADOS: Foram atendidas 8.709 crianças no pronto-socorro, sendo que 2.769 (32%) apresentaram doenças respiratórias e 97 necessitaram de internação na enfermaria. Destas, 62 (64%) receberam oxigenoterapia. Das 62 crianças, 37 eram do sexo masculino e a idade variou de 2 meses a 14 anos (mediana: 8 meses). A causa de hipóxia foi pneumonia em 52 crianças (84%), asma em cinco, bronquiolite em quatro e traqueomalácia em uma. As prescrições de oxigenoterapia foram feitas por médicos, com monitoração de saturação de oxigênio por oxímetro de pulso. O tempo mediano de administração de O2 foi 6 dias e o cateter nasal foi usado em 94% dos casos, sendo raro o uso de máscaras ou capuz de oxigênio. CONCLUSÕES: A oxigenoterapia inalatória foi mais frequente em crianças com menor idade e em pacientes com pneumonia, sendo sua indicação compatível com critérios internacionais. O uso do cateter nasal mostrou-se seguro, simples, efetivo e de baixo custo.

Metabolismo de repouso de mulheres pós-menopausadas submetidas a programa de treinamento com pesos (hipertrofia)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Anestesia intravenosa total utilizando propofol ou propofol/cetamina em cadelas submetidas à ovariossalpingohisterectomia

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos cardiorrespiratório e analgésico da infusão contínua com propofol e propofol/cetamina em cadelas pré-medicadas com atropina e xilazina, submetidas a ovariossalpingohisterectomia (OSH). em seis cadelas (GP) a indução anestésica foi realizada com propofol (5mg kg-1 iv), seguido da manutenção anestésica com o mesmo fármaco em infusão contínua intravenosa na taxa inicial de 0,4mg kg-1.min-1. Outras seis cadelas (GPC) receberam a associação de propofol (3,5mg kg-1 iv) e cetamina (1mg kg-1 iv) como indução anestésica. Depois, foi feita manutenção anestésica em infusão contínua intravenosa inicial com 0,28mg kg-1.min-1 e 0,06mg kg-1.min-1 de propofol e cetamina, respectivamente. Os seguintes parâmetros foram mensurados durante a anestesia a cada 10 minutos: freqüências cardíaca (FC) e respiratória (f), pressão arterial sistólica, média e diastólica (PA), concentração final expirada de CO2 (EtCO2), volume minuto (VM), pressão parcial de gás carbônico (PaCO2), pressão parcial de oxigênio (PaO2), saturação de oxigênio na hemoglobina (SatO2), pH, bicarbonato, glicemia e temperatura retal (T). Observou-se redução da pressão arterial média entre 20 e 40 minutos de anestesia no GP. Ocorreu redução da temperatura, hipercapnia e acidose respiratória em ambos os grupos durante a anestesia. A PaO2, o bicarbonato e a glicose aumentaram de forma significativa apenas no GPC durante a anestesia. Houve necessidade de aumentar em 50 e 20% a taxa de infusão de propofol no GP e GPC respectivamente para anestesia cirúrgica satisfatória. Dessa forma, ambos os protocolos mostraram-se seguros e suficientes do ponto de vista de anestesia cirúrgica para realização da OSH em cadelas, desde que a ventilação assistida ou controlada seja instituída quando necessária e a velocidade de infusão do propofol seja 0,6 e 0,34mg kg-1.min-1 nos grupos GP e GPC, respectivamente.

Effects of muscarinic receptor antagonists on acetylcholine-induced contractions of jejunal smooth muscle in horses

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Inhibition of the caudal pressor area reduces cardiorespiratory chemoreflex responses

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Controle de fitopatógenos do solo com materiais vegetais associados à solarização

A incorporação de material orgânico associada à solarização do solo é uma técnica promissora no controle de patógenos de plantas. O trabalho consistiu na prospecção de materiais vegetais promissores na produção de voláteis fungitóxicos capazes de inviabilizar as estruturas de resistência de fitopatógenos do solo. em condição de campo foram incorporados 3 Kg/m² de folhas e ramos de brócolos, eucalipto, mamona e mandioca brava, associada ou não à solarização, visando o controle de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici raça 2; Macrophomina phaseolina; Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 HGI e Sclerotium rolfsii. O controle foi avaliado por meio da sobrevivência das estruturas, em meios semi-seletivo específicos, aos 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias do início do experimento. Foram monitoradas as temperaturas do solo e do ar por um DataLogger Tipo CR23X (Campbell Scientific) e a porcentagem de CO2 e de O2 pelo equipamento analisador de gases (Testo 325-1). A associação da incorporação dos materiais vegetais com a solarização do solo inativou F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici raça 2, M. phaseolina e R. solani. O fungo S. rolfsii foi o único que não apresentou 100% de controle com solarização mais mamona durante o período estudado. A incorporação de mandioca seguido de solarização propiciou o controle de todos os fungos estudados com menos de sete dias da instalação do experimento, sendo tão eficiente quanto o brócolos na erradicação dos fitopatógenos veiculados pelo sol.

Interleukin-15 augments oxidative metabolism and fungicidal activity of human monocytes against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effect of lithium additive on the microstructure and electrical responses of 0.9PMN-0.1PT ceramics

Structural effects of lithium additive on 0.9PMN-0.1PT powders prepared by Ti-modified columbite route were studied. The substitution of Li+ ions for Mg2+ ions in the B-site sub-lattice of 0.9PMN-0.1PT perovskite structure was explained in terms of lead and oxygen vacancies generation originated as consequence of the ionic compensation of negatively charged Li'(Mg) sites. The rise in mass transport as consequence of the increasing of Pb2+ and O2- vacancies produces more agglomerated particles during the powder synthesis and changes the mechanical characteristics between grain and grain boundary of sintered ceramic. The relation between K-m and T-m values, the difference between ionic radii of B cation and the molar volume were used to explain the changes in the relaxor behavior and diffusiveness of phase transition as function of lithium doping, which are corroborated by the results obtained through the ferroelectric characterization.

Suplementação nutricional com antioxidantes naturais: efeito da rutina na concentração de colesterol-HDL

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)