Reproductive Consequences of Nest Site Use in Fork-tailed Storm-Petrels in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska: Potential Lasting Effects of an Introduced Predator

We examined the reproductive consequences of differential nest site use in Fork-tailed Storm-Petrels (Oceanodroma furcata) in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, where birds on islands where foxes were introduced nest in rocky substrate rather than in typical soil habitat. We investigated how physical and microclimatic nest site characteristics influenced storm-petrel breeding success 20 years after fox removal. We then examined whether those nest site characteristics that affected success were related to the amount of rock that composed the nest. In both years of our study, nest temperature had the strongest influence on chick survival and overall reproductive success, appearing in all the top models and alone explaining 14–35% of the variation in chick survival. The relationship between reproductive success and nest temperature was positive in both years, with higher survival in warmer nests. In turn, the best predictor of nest temperature was the amount of rock that composed the site. Rockier nests had colder average temperatures, which were driven by lower daily minimum temperatures, compared to nests with more soil. Thus, the rockiness of the nest site appeared to affect chick survival and overall reproductive success through its influence on nest temperature. This study suggests that the use of rocky nest sites, presumed to be a result of historic predation from introduced foxes, could decrease breeding success in this recovering population, and thus be a long-lasting effect of introduced predators.

Distributed mining of molecular fragments

In real world applications sequential algorithms of data mining and data exploration are often unsuitable for datasets with enormous size, high-dimensionality and complex data structure. Grid computing promises unprecedented opportunities for unlimited computing and storage resources. In this context there is the necessity to develop high performance distributed data mining algorithms. However, the computational complexity of the problem and the large amount of data to be explored often make the design of large scale applications particularly challenging. In this paper we present the first distributed formulation of a frequent subgraph mining algorithm for discriminative fragments of molecular compounds. Two distributed approaches have been developed and compared on the well known National Cancer Institute’s HIV-screening dataset. We present experimental results on a small-scale computing environment.

High performance subgraph mining in molecular compounds

Structured data represented in the form of graphs arises in several fields of the science and the growing amount of available data makes distributed graph mining techniques particularly relevant. In this paper, we present a distributed approach to the frequent subgraph mining problem to discover interesting patterns in molecular compounds. The problem is characterized by a highly irregular search tree, whereby no reliable workload prediction is available. We describe the three main aspects of the proposed distributed algorithm, namely a dynamic partitioning of the search space, a distribution process based on a peer-to-peer communication framework, and a novel receiver-initiated, load balancing algorithm. The effectiveness of the distributed method has been evaluated on the well-known National Cancer Institute’s HIV-screening dataset, where the approach attains close-to linear speedup in a network of workstations.

Efficient mining of discriminative molecular fragments

Frequent pattern discovery in structured data is receiving an increasing attention in many application areas of sciences. However, the computational complexity and the large amount of data to be explored often make the sequential algorithms unsuitable. In this context high performance distributed computing becomes a very interesting and promising approach. In this paper we present a parallel formulation of the frequent subgraph mining problem to discover interesting patterns in molecular compounds. The application is characterized by a highly irregular tree-structured computation. No estimation is available for task workloads, which show a power-law distribution in a wide range. The proposed approach allows dynamic resource aggregation and provides fault and latency tolerance. These features make the distributed application suitable for multi-domain heterogeneous environments, such as computational Grids. The distributed application has been evaluated on the well known National Cancer Institute’s HIV-screening dataset.

Analysis and modeling of active occupancy of the residential sector in Spain: an indicator of residential electricity consumption

The growing energy consumption in the residential sector represents about 30% of global demand. This calls for Demand Side Management solutions propelling change in behaviors of end consumers, with the aim to reduce overall consumption as well as shift it to periods in which demand is lower and where the cost of generating energy is lower. Demand Side Management solutions require detailed knowledge about the patterns of energy consumption. The profile of electricity demand in the residential sector is highly correlated with the time of active occupancy of the dwellings; therefore in this study the occupancy patterns in Spanish properties was determined using the 2009–2010 Time Use Survey (TUS), conducted by the National Statistical Institute of Spain. The survey identifies three peaks in active occupancy, which coincide with morning, noon and evening. This information has been used to input into a stochastic model which generates active occupancy profiles of dwellings, with the aim to simulate domestic electricity consumption. TUS data were also used to identify which appliance-related activities could be considered for Demand Side Management solutions during the three peaks of occupancy.

Erythristic leopards Panthera pardus in South Africa

Background. Leopards Panthera pardus show genetically determined colour variation. Erythristic (strawberry) morphs, where individuals are paler and black pigment in the coat is replaced by a red-brown colour, are exceptionally rare in the wild. Historically, few records exist, with only five putative records from India known. Objectives. To record the presence of erythristic leopards in our study site (Thabo Thalo Wilderness Reserve, Mpumalanga), and to collate records from across South Africa. Method. A network of camera traps was used to record individual leopards at Thabo Thalo. We also surveyed local experts, searched the popular South African press and used social media to request observations. Results. Two out of 27 individual leopards (7.1%) recorded in our study site over three years were of this colour morph. We obtained records of five other erythristic leopards in the Waterberg and Mpumalanga region, with no reports outside of this population. Conclusions. Erythristic leopards are widely dispersed across north-west South Africa, predominantly in the Lydenburg region. The presence of this rare colour morph may reflect the consequences of population fragmentation.

Immediate reconstruction following breast-conserving surgery: Management of the positive surgical margins and influence on secondary reconstruction

The efficacy of breast-conserving Surgery for the local control of early breast cancer has been repeatedly evidenced. Although immediate reconstruction following breast-conserving Surgery has been described, little information is available regarding surgical management in reoperative settings due to positive margins. We studied the influence of intraoperatively assessed and postoperatively controlled Surgical margin status on the type of breast-conserving Surgery and report our results regarding complications in a reoperative breast reconstruction scenario. All patients were seen by a multidisciplinary team who recommended breast-conserving surgery. According to the breast volume, ptosis and tumor size/location, the patients were also evaluated by a plastic Surgeon, who recommended reconstruction with the appropriate technique. Intraoperative assessment Of Surgical margins was determined by histological examination of frozen sections. The mean follow-up time was 48 months. Two hundred and eighteen patients (88.5%) underwent breast-conserving Surgery and immediate reconstruction. Twelve (5.5%) patients had a positive tumor margin after review of the permanent section. All patients underwent re-exploration. In 1.3%, a second reconstructive technique was indicated and in 2.2% a skin-sparing mastectomy with total reconstruction was performed. Our findings support the important role of the intraoperative assessment of surgical margins and its interference in the selection of reconstruction techniques and negative margins: however, it will not guarantee complete excision of the tumor. Success depends on coordinated planning with the oncologic Surgeon and careful intraoperative management, (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Immediate conservative breast surgery reconstruction with perforator flaps: New challenges in the era of partial mastectomy reconstruction?

Introduction: Although the use of local flaps in conservative breast surgery (CBS) reconstruction is a reliable technique, little information has been available regarding outcome following the use of perforator flaps. The purpose of this study is to analyze the feasibility, surgical planning and outcome following CBS reconstruction with intercostal artery perforator (ICAP) flap. Patients/methods: Thirteen patients underwent CBS reconstructions with an ICAP flap. These flaps were raised from adjacent tissue located on the lateral and thoracic region and based on perforators originating from the costal and muscular segment of the intercostal vessels. The technique was indicated in patients with small/moderate volume breasts. Results: Mean time of follow-up was 32 months. Flap complications were evaluated and information on patient satisfaction were collected. 61.5 percent had tumors located in the lower-outer quadrants and 69.2 percent had tumors measuring 2 cm or less (T1). Complications occurred in 3 patients (23%), including wound dehiscence in 2 patients and fat necrosis in one. All cases were treated by conservative approach with a good result. No flap loss or wound infection were reported. 90 percent were either satisfied or very satisfied with their result. Conclusion: The ICAP flap is a reliable technique for immediate CBS reconstruction. The technique is advantageous because it does not require the use of muscle transfer, with minimum donor site morbidity. Success depends on patient selection, coordinated planning with the oncological surgeon and careful intra-operative management. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

HPV16 Tumor Associated Macrophages Suppress Antitumor T Cell Responses

Purpose: High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main etiologic factor for cervical cancer. The severity of HPV-associated cervical lesions has been correlated to the number of infiltrating macrophages. The objective of this work is to characterize the role of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) on the immune cellular response against the tumor. Experimental Design: We used the HPV16 E6- and E7-expressing TC-1 mouse tumor model to study the effect of TAM on T-cell function in vitro, and depleted TAM, using clodronate-containing liposomes, to characterize its role in vivo. Results: TAM, characterized by the positive expression of CD45, F4/80, and CD11b, formed the major population of infiltrating tumor cells. TAM displayed high basal Arginase I activity, producing interleukin-10 (IL-10); they were resistant to iNOSll activity induction, therefore reversion to M1 phenotype, when stimulated in vitro with lipopolysaccharide/IFN gamma, indicating an M2 phentoype. In cultures of isolated TAM, TAM induced regulatory phenotype, characterized by IL-10 and Foxp3 expression, and inhibited proliferation of CD8 lymphocytes. In vivo, depletion of TAM inhibited tumor growth and stimulated the infiltration of tumors by HPV16 E7(49-57)-specific CD8 lymphocytes, whereas depletion of Gr1(+) tumor-associated cells had no effect. Conclusions: M2-like macrophages infiltrate HPV16-associated tumors causing suppression of antitumor T-cell response, thus facilitating tumor growth. Depletion or phenotype alteration of this population should be considered in immunotherapy strategies.

Implementação de projetos de governo eletrônico com múltiplas agências : uma análise dos fatores críticos de sucesso do projeto nota fiscal eletrônica sob a ótica do PMBOK

As administrações públicas contemporâneas vêm sofrendo diversas formas de pressão para que promovam a modernização de suas estruturas e serviços, provenientes não somente da própria sociedade, mas também derivadas das crises fiscais que assolaram diversos países nas últimas décadas. Uma das opções dos governos a fim de atender a essa demanda está no uso do potencial das tecnologias de informação e de comunicação em prol de melhores serviços ao cidadão e numa maior eficiência do aparato estatal. Esse movimento contemporâneo, associado principalmente ao advento da computação pessoal e da Internet, tem sido chamado Governo Eletrônico (e-Gov). Uma das suas ações relaciona-se à construção de serviços eletrônicos que integrem diversas agências governamentais em formato colaborativo. Entretanto, projetos de e-Gov que demandam esse grau de integração possuem complexidade de implementação aparentemente maior que projetos tradicionais, o que se reflete nos baixos índices de sucesso encontrados mundialmente. Existem hoje metodologias e frameworks de gestão de projetos disponíveis e consolidados no mercado, tal como o provido pelo Project Management Institute – PMI, por meio do Project Management Body of Knowledge – PMBOK, publicação que representa uma agregação dos conhecimentos dos mais de 230.000 profissionais associados ao PMI, principalmente nos aspectos conhecidos como “boas práticas”. Ele é aceito como um padrão de gestão de projetos pelo ANSI – American National Standards Institute e pelo Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers – IEEE (PMI, 2007). A quest��o que esta pesquisa procura explorar é a identificação das boas práticas na gestão de projetos de e-Gov multi-agências. Para isso, baseou-se no modelo proposto pelo PMBOK, considerado pela literatura como um framework abrangente e de grande reconhecimento (LEITE, 2004). A partir dessa análise, procurou-se identificar quais foram os fatores mais relevantes para o sucesso do projeto e como foram geridos pela equipe participante. Com esse intuito, essa pesquisa apresenta um estudo em profundidade do projeto Nota Fiscal Eletrônica – NF-e do Governo do Estado de São Paulo, projeto de e-Gov que possui integração nacional entre múltiplas agências (seis Administrações Tributárias Estaduais, Receita Federal e dezenove grandes empresas) e grande complexidade técnica e de gestão. Os resultados encontrados sugerem que o apoio da alta administração, a criação de um relacionamento de confiança, a participação de empresas no projeto, a alta capacidade das equipes envolvidas, a definição de um escopo viável e a utilização de padrões abertos são fatores que colaboram significativamente para o sucesso de projetos como a NF-e.

Interação interdisciplinar e preservação da cadeia de custódia nos ambientes físicos dos setores técnico-científicos da polícia federal

Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo verificar até que ponto as orientações repassadas pelo Instituto Nacional de Criminalística aos Setores Técnico-científicos da Polícia Federal, em termos de ambiente físico, têm se voltado para a interação interdisciplinar entre os peritos e para a preservação da cadeia de custódia. Para tanto, foi necessário recorrer a fundamentos sobre interdisciplinaridade, cadeia de custódia, arranjo físico na gestão de processos e ao planejamento de espaços no sentido de fortalecer o embasamento teórico para a discussão dos dados obtidos na pesquisa de campo. A pesquisa, desenvolvida com a ajuda de entrevistas destinadas aos ocupantes de setores estratégicos responsáveis pelas orientações e consultas à documentação técnica produzida na Polícia Federal, foi complementada com a realização de visitas aos setores do Paraná, Santa Catarina, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Alagoas, Rio Grande do Norte e Amazonas, de caráter exploratório e observacional, contemplando desde aspectos gerais associados aos objetos de análise até as peculiaridades regionais registradas in loco. Foram identificados dois tipos de orientações repassadas pelo Instituto Nacional de Criminalística, sendo um na fase preliminar de projeto e outro em momento posterior de avaliação, realizados por grupos distintos de servidores. De norte a sul do país, foram registradas diversas impressões atuais associadas aos ambientes físicos e instalações dessas unidades e, com base na riquíssima experiência obtida em cada localidade, foi possível propor uma modesta sugestão de melhoria ao arranjo físico na unidade do pesquisador e registrar sua implantação a posteriori. Mediante a comparação entre as orientações repassadas com as impressões obtidas nas visitas chegou-se à identificação, por exemplo, de lacunas de comunicação no âmbito do próprio Instituto Nacional de Criminalística, que perde excelentes oportunidades de prover os projetistas com informações atualizadas relacionadas aos ambientes físicos das descentralizadas. Conclui-se que apesar do avanço recente em relação ao tema, no tocante à criação de propostas preliminares de layout das unidades e à instituição das Comissões de Avaliação da Gestão da Criminalística, a unidade central precisa manter um sistema integrado de gestão dessas informações, alinhado às novas tendências construtivas e de projetos da Administração, de forma a transformar continuamente as observações coletadas nas unidades em novas orientações e diretrizes capazes de realimentar o sistema.

Análise do nível de maturidade da gestão do conhecimento na criminalística federal

Gerir o conhecimento representa uma nova responsabilidade da administração pública para que ela possa aumentar a efetividade dos serviços prestados e melhorar a sociedade a qual serve, na medida em que auxilia as organizações a enfrentar novos desafios, implantar práticas inovadoras de gestão e melhorar a qualidade dos processos, produtos e serviços públicos. Considerando que o processo de gestão do conhecimento compreende cinco etapas representadas por identificar, criar, armazenar, compartilhar e utilizar o conhecimento organizacional, o mapeamento inicial das práticas de GC já existentes na criminalística federal reveste-se de fundamental importância. Como se referem a práticas relativamente novas no contexto das organizações – notadamente nas públicas – diversos métodos de avaliação de implementação de práticas de GC foram identificados. Nesse contexto, uma vez que a perícia criminal federal apresenta-se como uma organização que pretende implementar práticas relacionadas à GC, não havendo, porém, até o momento, qualquer iniciativa institucionalizada nesse sentido, a escolha da metodologia recaiu sobre o modelo proposto pelo IPEA. Quanto à pesquisa, tendo em mente o problema e os objetivos propostos, optou-se por uma investigação descritiva, explicativa e aplicada, onde se buscou construir um amplo referencial teórico com descrição detalhada dos aspectos abordados no decorrer do estudo. Os trabalhos envolveram, ainda, pesquisa de campo, bibliográfica e estudo de caso. Os resultados permitiram concluir que a criminalística federal encontra-se em fase de iniciação em gestão do conhecimento, situação em que começa a reconhecer a importância e a necessidade de gerenciar o conhecimento originado no contexto de suas atividades e que está inserido na organização por meio de seus integrantes. Verificou-se, ainda, no decorrer da pesquisa, ações pontuais dispersas na perícia criminal federal voltadas à sistematizar as informações e conhecimentos insertos na instituição.

Cooperação e competição entre políticas no Brasil: os cursos da governabilidade no presidencialismo da catalização

Public policies have been studied in the various fields of humanities and social sciences, from different theoretical and technical aspects. However, there is still a lack of studies that incorporate the dimension that encompasses the political action and its interference in such actions, also recognizing the importance of the institutional setting of the Brazilian presidential model in implementing these policies. This fragmented and multiparty system has led to power heterogeneous sets of political parties. Thus, the ministerial offices, more than assisting the President´s government project, manage particularized agendas, which are party biased and have the influence of interest groups in hegemonic themes addressed by government agencies. When these agendas operate in sectoral and specialized policies, the friction level is apparently low. However, when this occurs in intersectoral actions, such as in regional development, there is evidence of strong signs of competition among government agencies, which in theory, should operate in an integrated manner. Although this is not a specific feature of Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva´s government- the period to be studied- there was similar behavior in Fernando Henrique Cardoso´s presidency, one realizes that the expansion of coalition on behalf of governance is increasingly interfering in the outcome of intersectoral public policies, due to these multiple arguments in action. In order to understand these processes, this study focused on the Sustainable and Integrated Development Programme for Differentiated Meso-Regions (PROMESO), part of the National Policy for Regional Development (NPRD). The program provides interface with various government agencies and their public policies in a clear intersectoral design. The research sought to identify and analyze the relationships between government agencies and their programs with interest groups, whether political parties or other segments of civil society, highlighting the logic of favoritism, which poses in second place the integration of actions in the intersectoral policies. Therefore, besides the theoretical debate that incorporates several categories of political science, public administration, public policy, geography and economics, the study focused on secondary sources, using different government agencies databases in order to raise information. It was observed that the interference of partisan politics has been disastrous for some public policies. Thus, the research confirms that cooperative character is fragile within government agencies, often limited to official documents, and that there is indeed, a striking feature of competition, especially when it comes to transversalized policies