‘YAMPIL INSPIRATIONS’: A STUDY OF THE DNIESTER CULTURAL CONTACT AREA AT THE FRONTIER OF PONTIC AND BALTIC DRAINAGE BASINS

The article presents the present state of research on the general issue of the dniester region of cultural contacts between communities settling the Baltic and Pontic drainage basins . Some five domains of research shall be brought to discussion in which it is possible to see fresh opportunities for archaeological study, on the basis of ‘Yampil studies’ on dniester-Podolia (forest-steppe) barrow-culture ceremonial centres from the latter half of the 4th millennium and first half of the 3rd millennium BC . This relates to the peoples of the Eneolithic and the Early Bronze age . in terms of topogenesis, embracing the Pontic-Tripolye, Yamnaya and Catacomb cultures, as well as Globular amphora and Corded ware in central prehistoric Europe .

La mine d'alunite de Wenzhou : mémoires et stratégies de valorisation

lNTRODUCTION; This part is the general introduction of this thesis. The research subject, alunite mine of Wenzhou, has a history of more than 600 years. Not only in the history, has it still played an important role in the people's daily life of Fanshan Town. According to the legend, it was Qin Fu, a refugee, found the way of produce the alum totally by accident. However, we try to find out the real history of its mining and production of alum. ln fact, we have found some ancient documents concerning its history. Especially in the book « The chronicles of Wenzhou Fu of Hongzhi », we found some original information, such as the ancient method of mining and producing alum, etc. ln some other ancient documents, we found some important information, too. With such a long history, the alunite mine has held a lot of heritage, no matter tangible or intangible. Unfortunately, due to some reasons, the condition of the mine becomes worse and worse. ln studying his history, technology and the present situation, we intend to find some ways to solve the problems, and restart its development in other fields. Certainly, we should make a brief introduction of the alunite as well as the alum. The second part of the introduction concentrates in the uses of alum, providing an easier comprehension of this object.

An Evaluation of Carbon Concentrations Associted with Biodiesel Particulate Matter in an Underground Metal Mine

Exposure to diesel particulate matter from diesel exhaust has been shown to have adverse health effects in humans. In 2012 The International Agency for Research on Cancer classified diesel exhaust as a group 1 know human carcinogen. Because of the associated health effects, there has been a strong push to reduce the amount of diesel exhaust present in the mining industry. Biodiesel is one to the more common and promising control options used to reduce the amount of diesel particulate matter that is generated during fuel combustion. The use of biodiesel over petroleum diesel has been shown to reduce not only particulate matter, but hydro carbon and carbon monoxide mass emissions as well. Personal and area samples were collected at an underground metal mine in the northwestern United States to evaluate the current blend of B70 biodiesel. The objective of this research was to evaluate the carbon levels associated with diesel particulate matter generated from the combustion of a B70 biodiesel. Data was also compared to past studies on which diesel particulate matter from petroleum diesel was evaluated. Samples were taken on four separate four day campaigns between March and October of 2014. Area samples were taken from 7 different areas in the mine and personal samples were taken from a 20 person cohort. The equipment used for sampling was compliant with the NIOSH 5040 method. Statistical analysis of the results was done using Minitab 17 software. The statistical analysis showed that the total carbon concentrations from biodiesel were well below the MSHA exposure limit. Results also showed that organic/elemental carbon ratios were consistent with past studies as the concentrations of organic carbon were significantly higher than those of elemental carbon.

More favorable combination of circumstances could hardly have been desired : a bottom to top examination of the Pittsburgh and Boston Mining Company's Cliff Mine

The Cliff Mine, an archaeological site situated on the Keweenaw Peninsula of Michigan, is the location of the first successful attempt to mine native copper in North America. Under the management of the Pittsburgh & Boston Mining Company from 1845-1879, two-third of the Cliff’s mineral output was in the form of mass copper, some pieces of which weighed over 5 tons when removed from the ground. The unique nature of mass copper and the Cliff Mine’s handling of it make it one of the best examples of early mining processes in the Keweenaw District. Mass copper only constituted 2% of the entire product of the Lake Superior copper districts, and the story of early mining on the Peninsula is generally overshadowed by later, longer running mines such as the Calumet & Helca and Quincy Mining Companies. Operating into the mid-twentieth century, the size and duration of these later mines would come to define the region, though they would not have been possible without the Cliff’s early success. Research on the Cliff Mine has previously focused on social and popular history, neglecting the structural remains. However, these remains are physical clues to the technical processes that defined early mining on the Keweenaw. Through archaeological investigations, these processes and their associated networks were documented as part of the 2010 Michigan Technological Archaeology Field School’s curriculum. The project will create a visual representation of these processes utilizing Geographic Information Systems software. This map will be a useful aid in future research, community engagement and possible future interpretive planning.

HEAT MANAGEMENT IN THE PUMPING INFRASTRUCTURE AREA OF AN ESTERHAZY MINE

Heat management in mines is a growing issue as mines expand physically in size and depth and as the infrastructure grows that is required to maintain them. Heat management is a concern as it relates to the health and safety of the workers as set by the regulations of governing bodies as well as the heat sensitive equipment that may be found throughout the mine workings. In order to reduce the exposure of working in hot environments there are engineering and management systems that can monitor and control the environmental conditions within the mine. The successful implementation of these methods can manage the downtime caused by heat stress environments, which can increase overall production. This thesis introduces an approach to monitoring and data based heat management. A case study is presented with an in depth approach to data collection. Data was collected for a period of up to and over one year. Continuous monitoring was conducted by equipment that was developed both commercially and within the mine site. The monitoring instrumentation was used to assess the environmental conditions found within the study area. Analysis of the data allowed for an engineering assessment of viable options in order to control and manage the environment heat stress. An option is developed and presented which allows for the greatest impact on the heat stress conditions within the case study area and is economically viable for the mine site.

Design of a Novel Auto-Rotating UAV Platform for Underground Mine Cavity Surveying

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the potential for use of UAVs in underground mines and present a prototype design for a novel autorotating UAV platform for underground 3D data collection.

Étude de la symbiose actinorhizienne chez l'aulne en présence de résidus miniers aurifères acidogènes

Les concentrations de métaux lourds retrouvées dans les sols augmentent considérablement depuis la révolution industrielle et s’accumulent quotidiennement dans la biosphère. Ces composés métalliques persisteront pendant plusieurs années au niveau des différents écosystèmes affectés et voyageront dans les chaînes alimentaires par bioaccumulation. Les activités humaines, telle que l’industrie minière contribuent activement à cette problématique environnementale. En effet, l’excavation minière perturbe la roche-mère et favorise l’oxydation des métaux lourds sulfurés qui, lentement, produiront de l’acide sulfurique. Cette acidification peut mobiliser les éléments métalliques stables en condition neutre ou alcaline. Ces phénomènes induisent la formation du drainage minier acide (DMA) qui peut contaminer les cours d’eau ou les nappes phréatiques à proximité. Plusieurs mines sont situées en Abitibi-Témiscamingue en raison de l’abondance de divers minerais dans la roche mère tels que l’or. Une importante quantité de déchets industriels est produite lors de l’excavation du minerai, dont les résidus miniers entreposés dans des bassins de rétention extérieurs. Ces bassins prennent de l’expansion quotidiennement autour du site minier substituant la place de la végétation saine et des territoires. Une mise en végétation des sites miniers du Québec est exigée depuis 1995 afin de redonner une apparence naturelle aux sites et limiter le phénomène d’érosion. Depuis 2013, un plan de réaménagement et de restauration des sites exploités est obligatoire selon la loi sur les mines. Ces bassins seront donc ciblés pour effectuer des essais de revégétalisation par l’entremise de plantes actinorhiziennes. Les plantes actinorhiziennes sont des végétaux robustes pouvant coloniser nombreux habitats perturbés et hostiles. L’aulne est une plante actinorhizienne pouvant établir une relation symbiotique avec l’actinobactérie fixatrice d’azote du genre Frankia. La symbiose actinorhizienne est une interaction équitablement profitable entre la plante et la bactérie. Cette symbiose repose sur la capacité de la bactérie à transformer, au niveau des nodules, l’azote atmosphérique en ammonium assimilable grâce à une enzyme spécifique, la nitrogénase. Lorsque la symbiose est bien établie, elle donnera un avantage significatif aux plantes pour leur développement et leur croissance, et ce, même dans un substrat pauvre en nutriments ou contaminé. En effet, la symbiose actinorhizienne permet d’améliorer la structure physicochimique d’un sol et de l’enrichir en azote grâce à la fixation de l’azote atmosphérique. Dans la région de l’Abitibi-Témiscamingue, la mine Doyon est une mine d’or qui détient des sols acidogènes contenant des traces non négligeables de métaux lourds. Ce projet de recherche en microbiologie environnementale avait comme objectif principal d’évaluer la capacité des aulnes rugueux et des aulnes crispés à coloniser des résidus miniers acidogènes aurifères (concentrations différentes de 0 %, 35 %, 65 % et 100 %) avec ou sans l’aide de Frankia. La dispersion des contaminants par les feuilles a aussi été étudiée afin d’évaluer le risque environnemental de l’utilisation des aulnes sur le terrain à des fins de revégétalisation. Les objectifs préliminaires avaient comme but d’évaluer la résistance, de manière individuelle, de la souche ACN10a du genre Frankia (par extrait aqueux) puis des espèces d’aulne aux résidus miniers non stérilisés. Par le fait même, la microflore des résidus miniers a été étudiée dans le but d’isoler des espèces symbiotiques d’endophytes écoadaptées aux conditions arides du site minier Doyon. Concernant les objectifs préliminaires, les résultats ont démontré que la souche ACN10a résiste bien jusqu’à 35 % d’extrait aqueux de résidus miniers de la mine Doyon. Pour les concentrations supérieures à 50 %, Frankia (souche ACN10a) a démontré une respiration cellulaire et des concentrations protéiques décroissantes en raison de la présence d’éléments toxiques biodisponibles dans l’extrait aqueux. Par ailleurs, les aulnes rugueux et crispés ont démontré une tolérance jusqu’à la concentration de 35 % de résidus miniers non stérilisés sans la présence de Frankia. Par la suite, les résultats d’isolement n’ont pas démontré la capacité des aulnes à recruter des bactéries symbiotiques à partir des résidus miniers de la mine Doyon. Concernant l’objectif principal, les résultats ont démontré que l’aulne rugueux résiste mieux que l’aulne crispé jusqu’aux concentrations de 35 % de résidus miniers lorsqu’inoculés en manifestant une meilleure biomasse sèche totale, une plus grande concentration de chlorophylle dans les feuilles et un plus grand nombre spécifique de nodules. L’établissement symbiotique a été affecté par la présence des résidus miniers acidogène révélant que le nombre de site d’infection racinaire diminuait en fonction des concentrations de résidus miniers croissantes (0 %, 35 %, 65 % et 100 %). Ensuite, une analyse des éléments chimiques des feuilles a démontré que le transfert des métaux lourds des résidus miniers vers les feuilles était minime. Les plantes révélant de hautes teneurs en métaux lourds dans leurs feuilles ont développé par le fait même, une faible biomasse aérienne limitant ainsi la dispersion de contaminants lors de la perte des feuilles à l’automne. Le modèle expérimental aulne-Frankia possédait un seuil de tolérance visible à la concentration de 35 % de résidus miniers acidogènes aurifères de la mine Doyon. De plus, la présence de la symbiose actinorhizienne a modulé la distribution de certains éléments chimiques dans les feuilles en comparaison avec les aulnes non-inoculés (molybdène, nickel). Puis, une similarité a été notée dans la composition chimique des feuilles d’aulnes inoculés s’étant développés dans 0 % (témoin positif) et 35 % de résidus miniers.

3D modelling of the transmissivity of granitic rocks surrounding the old Quinta do Bispo mine | Modelação 3D da transmissividade do maciço granítico envolvente à antiga mina da Quinta do Bispo

Apresenta-se uma metodologia para caracterizar a transmissividade dos Granitos Hercínicos e Metasedimentos do Complexo Xisto-Grauváquico do maciço envolvente e subjacente à antiga área mineira de urânio da Quinta do Bispo. Inicia-se com a modelação das litologias e grau de alteração a que se segue a simulação condicional da densidade de fracturação. No final, a densidade de fracturação é convertida num modelo 3D de transmissividade por relação com os resultados dos ensaios de bombagem. The purpose of this work is to present a methodology for characterizing the transmissivity of the Hercynian granites and complex schist–greywacke metasediment rocks surrounding and underlying the old Quinta do Bispo uranium mining site. The methodology encompasses modelling of lithologies and weathering levels, followed by a conditional simulation of fracture density. Fracture density is then converted into a 3D model of transmissivity via a relationship with pumping tests.

The science of assessment : identifying and predicting environmental impacts

The historical challenge of environmental impact assessment (EIA) has been to predict project-based impacts accurately. Both EIA legislation and the practice of EIA have evolved over the last three decades in Canada, and the development of the discipline and science of environmental assessment has improved how we apply environmental assessment to complex projects. The practice of environmental assessment integrates the social and natural sciences and relies on an eclectic knowledge base from a wide range of sources. EIA methods and tools provide a means to structure and integrate knowledge in order to evaluate and predict environmental impacts.----- This Chapter will provide a brief overview of how impacts are identified and predicted. How do we determine what aspect of the natural and social environment will be affected when a mine is excavated? How does the practitioner determine the range of potential impacts, assess whether they are significant, and predict the consequences? There are no standard answers to these questions, but there are established methods to provide a foundation for scoping and predicting the potential impacts of a project.----- Of course, the community and publics play an important role in this process, and this will be discussed in subsequent chapters. In the first part of this chapter, we will deal with impact identification, which involves appplying scoping to critical issues and determining impact significance, baseline ecosystem evaluation techniques, and how to communicate environmental impacts. In the second part of the chapter, we discuss the prediction of impacts in relation to the complexity of the environment, ecological risk assessment, and modelling.

Mining in Northern British Columbia

The history of the settlement of the province is tied to patterns of exploration and min development. In Northern British Columbia the Cariboo goldfields provided the impetus for settlement of the region and the beginning for mining to extend into the watern and northern regions in a series of minor gold rushes. The northern half of the province has a geological diverse mineral base that supports a wide variety of mining, and a gradual improvement of exploration and mining methods due to scientific knowledge and technology provided opportunities for lode gold and base metal mines to be developed. The success of mining is based on world ore prices and competitive markets that impact the economic viability of developing a mine. Mining faces increasing pressures in the northern half of the province due to other resource values, such as tourism or protected areas, that claim and compete for a similar land base.

Documentary practice in a participatory culture

Debates concerning the veracity, ethics and politics of the documentary form circle endlessly around the function of those who participate in it, and the meaning attributed to their participation. Great significance is attached to the way that documentary filmmakers do or do not participate in the world they seek to represent, just as great significance is attached to those subjects whose participation extends beyond playing the part of eyewitness or expert, such that they become part of the very filmmaking process itself. This Ph.D. explores the interface between documentary practice and participatory culture by looking at how their practices, discursive fields and histories intersect, but also by looking at how participating in one might mean participating in the other. In short, the research is an examination of participatory culture through the lens of documentary practice and documentary criticism. In the process, however, this examination of participatory culture will in turn shed light on documentary thinking, especially the meaning and function of ‘the participant’ in contemporary documentary practice. A number of ways of conceiving of participation in documentary practice are discussed in this research, but one of the ideas that gives purpose to that investigation is the notion that the participant in contemporary documentary practice is someone who belongs to a participatory culture in particular. Not only does this mean that those subjects who play a part in a documentary are already informed by their engagement with a range of everyday media practices before the documentary apparatus arrives, the audience for such films are similarly informed and engaged. This audience have their own expectations about how they should be addressed by media producers in general, a fact that feeds back into their expectations about participatory approaches to documentary practice too. It is the ambition of this research to get closer to understanding the relationship between participants in the audience, in documentary and ancillary media texts, as well as behind the camera, and to think about how these relationships constitute a context for the production and reception of documentary films, but also how this context might provide a model for thinking about participatory culture itself. One way that documentary practice and participatory culture converge in this research is in the kind of participatory documentary that I call the ‘Camera Movie’, a narrow mode of documentary filmmaking that appeals directly to contemporary audiences’ desires for innovation and participation, something that is achieved in this case by giving documentary subjects control of the camera. If there is a certain inevitability about this research having to contend with the notion of the ‘participatory documentary’, the ‘participatory camera’ also emerges strongly in this context, especially as a conduit between producer and consumer. Making up the creative component of this research are two documentaries about the reality television event Band In A Bubble, and participatory media practices more broadly. The single-screen film, Hubbub , gives form to the collective intelligence and polyphonous voice of contemporary audiences who must be addressed and solicited in increasingly innovative ways. One More Like That is a split-screen, DVD-Video with alternate audio channels selected by a user who thereby chooses who listens and who speaks in the ongoing conversation between media producers and media consumers. It should be clear from the description above that my own practice does not extend to highly interactive, multi-authored or web-enabled practices, nor the distributed practices one might associate with social media and online collaboration. Mine is fundamentally a single authored, documentary video practice that seeks to analyse and represent participatory culture on screen, and for this reason the Ph.D. refrains from a sustained discussion of the kinds of collaborative practices listed above. This is not to say that such practices don’t also represent an important intersection of documentary practice and participatory culture, they simply represent a different point of intersection. Being practice-led, this research takes its procedural cues from the nature of the practice itself, and sketches parameters that are most enabling of the idea that the practice sets the terms of its own investigation.