The Panamal Canal: general information

Leonard Carpenter Panama Canal Collection. Photographs: Dredging, Soldiers, and Ships. [Box 1] from the Special Collections & Area Studies Department, George A. Smathers Libraries, University of Florida. (1 pamphlet; 15 pages)

Extended ageing time and temperature effects on quality of sub-primal cuts of boxed beef

[EN]Most of the information indicating ageing improves tenderness has been collected on the loin and rib-eye muscles over relatively short ageing times, assuming that all muscles will react similarly. In the present study, the effect of extended ageing times on instrumental texture (56 d) and sensory characteristics (42 d) of six different beef sub-primals [striploin (SL), inside round (IR), outside round (OR), eye of round (ER), blade eye (BE) and chuck tender (CT)] was studied. The effects of two ageing temperatures (1and 58C) were also compared. In general, ageing increased tenderness (P<0.05) of SL, BE, ER and CT sub-primals, although BE shear force increased after 42 d of ageing. On the other hand, ageing had no effect on IR tenderness (P<0.05) and resulted in a decrease in tenderness of OR (P<0.05) until day 35, with a later increase after 42 d of ageing. Increasing ageing temperature (58C) had limited effect on tenderness, but ageing time and temperature increases led to lower flavour and higher off-flavour intensity (P<0.05) of the studied sub-primals. These results suggest that cutspecific maximum ageing times and rigid adherence to temperature maximums would be of benefit to optimize postslaughter processes and meat quality

国际理论和应用力学联合会全代会(IUTAM General Assembly)会议简介

<正> 1国际理论和应用力学联合会全代会的介绍 国际理论和应用力学联合会(IUTAM)全代会(Gen-eral Assembly)是全世界力学界的最高组织IUTAM的最高权力机构.全代会按照IUTAM诸参加国的等级(分5等)来划分代表名额.只有美国、日本等国由于交纳最高等级的会费而拥有5个代表名额,而我国在代表大会中有4位代表(郑哲敏,何友声,白以龙和杨卫).此外,在决策IUTAM

Coronica general de Espana que recopilaba el maestro Florian de Ocampo, coronista del Rey nuestro senor Don Felipe II

Florian de Ocampo, religioso e escritor espanhol, nasceu em Zamora entre os anos de 1490 e 1499 e morreu na mesma cidade, entre 1555 e 1559. Foi no meado cronista-real, em 1539, cargo que lhe permitiu reunir o material e dar continuidade à obra ‘Coronica general de Espana’ que já havia iniciado por conta própria. Continuada por Ambrósio de Morales a partir do volume três desta coleção, o titulo da obra é alterado nos volumes nove e dez para ‘Livro de las antiguedades de las ciudades de Espana’. Ambrósio de Morales, historiador espanhol nasceu em 1513 e morreu em 1591, na cidade de Córdoba. Estudou na Universidade de Alcalá, onde lecionou Retórica, manifestando aí seu interesse pelos estudos históricos. Foi nomeado, em 1563, cronista-mor dando continuidade à obra Coronica general de Espana, publicando em 1574 o seu primeiro volume. Na obra ‘Coronica General de Espana’, Ocampo se propunha a narrar com certa unidade a história da Espanha. Planejada em oitenta volumes, foram publicados apenas cinco: quatro em Zamora, em 1543 e um em Medina, em 1553. Nesta edição os dois primeiros volumes foram reunidos. Palau considera-a uma obra fabulosa sobre as origens dos espanhóis e da Espanha. Segundo Brunet, esta obra teve algumas reimpressões com notáveis adições em Medina dei Campo, em 1553, em Alcalá, em 1578, e em Madri no período de 1791 e 1792, em dez volumes.

La valoración de las existencias en el nuevo Plan General de Contabilidad y su comparativa con la normativa precedente

La valoración de las existencias es uno de los aspectos más problemáticos que tienen las empresas a la hora de presentar sus estados contables. La distinta normativa existente, las variantes que suscita y la complejidad de su interpretación conlleva a valoraciones distintas para las diferentes clases de existencias, afectando a los informes contables y consecuentemente a la toma de decisiones de los responsables empresariales. El acercamiento de las normas contables españolas a las Normas Internacionales de Contabilidad/Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera (NIC/NIIF) puede hacer que aparentemente la diversidad en las valoraciones sea menor. En este artículo queremos presentar la nueva normativa contable española emanada por el Plan General de Contabilidad de 2007 y las semejanzas y diferencias con las NIC/NIIF en todos sus apartados

La contabilización del impuesto sobre beneficios en el nuevo Plan General de Contabilidad

Tras varias décadas de armonización contable de mínimos mediante la incorporación de las Directivas Comunitarias a cada legislación nacional, la estrategia actual de la Unión Europea de adoptar las normas emitidas por el Consejo Internacional de Normas de Información Financiera (IASB por sus siglas en inglés) y de hacer obligatoria su aplicación a las cuentas consolidadas de las empresas cotizadas para los ejercicios iniciados a partir de 2005, ha traído como consecuencia la necesidad de someter la legislación mercantil y contable en España a una reforma que, en sus principios fundamentales, culminó en 2007. En este artículo revisamos el tratamiento de uno de los aspectos que ha supuesto más modificaciones conceptuales en su contabilización, el impuesto de sociedades, tal como deberá ser reflejado en las cuentas que se preparen sobre los ejercicios iniciados a partir del 1 de enero de 2008.

Charles M. Breder, Jr.: Atlantis Expedition, 1934

Dr. Charles M. Breder participated on the 1934 expedition of the Atlantis from Woods Hole, Massachusetts to Panama and back and kept a field diary of daily activities. The Atlantis expedition of 1934, led by Prof. A. E. Parr, was a milestone in the history of scientific discovery in the Sargasso Sea and the West Indies. Although naturalists had visited the Sargasso Sea for many years, the Atlantis voyage was the first attempt to investigate in detailed quantitative manner biological problems about this varying, intermittent ‘false’ bottom of living, floating plants and associated fauna. In addition to Dr. Breder, the party also consisted of Dr. Alexander Forbes, Harvard University and Trustee of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI); T. S. Greenwood, WHOI hydrographer; M. D. Burkenroad, Yale University’s Bingham Laboratory, carcinology and Sargasso epizoa; M. Bishop, Peabody Museum of Natural History, Zoology Dept., collections and preparations and H. Sears, WHOI ichthyologist. The itinerary included the following waypoints: Woods Hole, the Bermudas, Turks Islands, Kingston, Colon, along the Mosquito Bank off of Nicaragua, off the north coast of Jamaica, along the south coast of Cuba, Bartlett Deep, to off the Isle of Pines, through the Yucatan Channel, off Havana, off Key West, to Miami, to New York City, and then the return to Woods Hole. During the expedition, Breder collected rare and little-known flying fish species and developed a method for hatching and growing flying fish larvae. (PDF contains 48 pages)

Chemical contaminants, pathogen exposure and general health status of live and beach-cast Washington sea otters (Enhydra lutris kenyoni)

Analyses of blood and liver samples from live captured sea otters and liver samples from beachcast sea otter carcasses off the remote Washington coast indicate relatively low exposure to contaminants, but suggest that even at the low levels measured, exposure may be indicated by biomarker response. Evidence of pathogen exposure is noteworthy - infectious disease presents a potential risk to Washington sea otters, particularly due to their small population size and limited distribution. During 2001 and 2002, 32 sea otters were captured, of which 28 were implanted with transmitters to track their movements and liver and blood samples were collected to evaluate contaminant and pathogen exposure. In addition, liver samples from fifteen beachcast animals that washed ashore between 1991 and 2002 were analyzed to provide historical information and a basis of reference for values obtained from live otters. The results indicate low levels of metals, butyltins, and organochlorine compounds in the blood samples, with many of the organochlorines not detected except polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and a few aromatic hydrocarbons detected in the liver of the live captured animals. Aliphatic hydrocarbons were measurable in the liver from the live captured animals; however, some of these are likely from biogenic sources. A significant reduction of vitamin A storage in the liver was observed in relation to PCB, dibutyltin and octacosane concentration. A significant and strong positive correlation in vitamin A storage in the liver was observed for cadmium and several of the aliphatic hydrocarbons. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cytochrome P450 induction was elevated in two of 16 animals and may be potentially related to aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon exposure. Mean concentration of total butyltin in the liver of the Washington beach-cast otters was more than 15 times lower than the mean concentration reported by Kannan et al. (1998) for Southern sea otters in California. Organochlorine compounds were evident in the liver of beach-cast animals, despite the lack of large human population centers and development along the Washington coast. Concentrations of PCBs and chlordanes (e.g., transchlordane, cis-chlordane, trans-nonachlor, cis-nonachlor and oxychlordane) in liver of Washington beach-cast sea otters were similar to those measured in Aleutian and California sea otters, excluding those from Monterey Bay, which were higher. Mean concentrations of 1,1,1,- trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophyenyl)ethanes (DDTs) were lower, and mean concentrations of cyclohexanes (HCH, e.g., alpha BHC, beta BHC, delta BHC and gamma BHC) were slightly higher in Washington beach-cast otters versus those from California and the Aleutians. Epidemiologically, blood tests revealed that 80 percent of the otters tested positive for morbillivirus and 60 percent for Toxoplasma, the latter of which has been a significant cause of mortality in Southern sea otters in California. This is the first finding of positive morbillivirus titers in sea otters from the Northeast Pacific. Individual deaths may occur from these diseases, perhaps more so when animals are otherwise immuno-compromised or infected with multiple diseases, but a population-threatening die-off from these diseases singly is unlikely while population immunity remains high. The high frequency of detection of morbillivirus and Toxoplasma in the live otters corresponds well with the cause of death of stranded Washington sea otters reported herein, which has generally been attributable to infectious disease. Washington’s sea otter population continues to grow, with over 1100 animals currently inhabiting Washington waters; however, the rate of growth has slowed over recent years. The population has a limited distribution and has not yet reached its carrying capacity and as such, is still considered at high risk to catastrophic events. (PDF contains 189 pages)