‘Justiça e paz’ nas intervenções da igreja católica em Angola (1989-2002)

Angola vivia em guerra civil de 1989 a 2002, arco temporal que esta tese abrange. A minha investigação propôs-se estudar o impacto político das intervenções da Igreja Católica na pacificação do país. O papel que a Igreja desempenha na Paz deriva dos seus compromissos na luta a favor da Justiça. Para a fundamentação teórica aprofundei conceitos de Justiça, Paz, Política e Conflito, Cultura Banto, Teologias Africanas e Igreja Colonial, elementos que estão encadeados. O trabalho de campo incidiu sobre as Mensagens dos Bispos de Angola, Depoimentos e Eventos, Movimentos e Instituições, confirmando que as intervenções da Igreja Católica tiveram impacto político e foram decisivas para o fim da guerra civil, abrindo caminhos à reconciliação dos angolanos e à reconstrução das estruturas num país marcado por 27 anos de guerra civil. A Igreja Católica interveio a favor da Justiça e da Paz, sendo este trabalho legitimado pela coerência das suas posições e pelo reconhecimento, confiança e apoio por parte das populações. Este dado é confirmado por figuras independentes como é o caso do Presidente Eduardo dos Santos, do Dr. Jonas Savimbi e jornalistas e académicos citados. Num contexto de desequilíbrio total, as práticas da Igreja são reequilibradoras da Paz à custa da Justiça.

Angola, a paz e os Direitos Humanos nas mensagens da Igreja Católica (1989-1994)

Angola viveu largos séculos sob o peso do colonialismo a que se sucedeu uma longa guerra civil. Em 1989, cai o Muro de Berlim e começam as primeiras negociações em ordem ao cessar-fogo. A crueldade da guerra acentua-se e este país lusófono só conhece o fim dos combates em 2002, com a assinatura do Memorando de Luena, após a morte do Dr. Jonas Savimbi. Este trabalho estuda as numerosas Mensagens publicadas pelos Bispos Católicos. Há uma ideia de fundo que passa por todas elas: a da urgência da paz. Sempre se propõe um calar de armas, um sentar-se para negociar, um olhar para o povo mártir, um ler melhor a declaração universal dos direitos humanos. Como caminhos para a paz, a Conferência dos Bispos sempre apontou a democratização do país, o multipartidarismo e as eleições livres. Estas foram,durante anos a fio, ideias proibidas em Angola. Estes textos, além de ricos em conteúdo, são revolucionários nas dinâmicas que geraram e nos caminhos que abriram. Além do mais, não se situavam no simples âmbito de teorias, uma vez que a Igreja escrevia e agia. As intervenções humanitárias no terreno, sobretudo através da Caritas e das Missões, foram decisivas para salvar milhares de pessoas da fome e da morte por doenças.

Kipus: revista andina de letras. 5 (Reseñas)

Presenta las reseñas de los siguientes libros: Jorge Enrique Adoum, CIUDAD SIN ÁNGEL, México, Siglo XXI, 1995; 208 pp. -- José Anadón, editor, RUPTURA DE LA CONCIENCIA HISPANOAMERICANA: ÉPOCA COLONIAL, Madrid, Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1993; 214 pp. -- Bolívar Echeverría, LAS ILUSIONES DE LA MODERNIDAD: ENSAYOS, México, UNAM / El Equilibrista, 1995; 202 pp. -- Gabriel García Márquez, NOTICIA DE UN SECUESTRO, Bogotá, Editorial Norma, 1996 ; 336 pp. -- Neil Larsen, READING NORTH BY SOUTH: ON LATlN AMERICAN LITERATURE, CULTURE, AND POLITICS, Minneapolis y Londres, University of Minnesota Press, 1995; xi , 236 pp. -- Julio Ramos, PARADOJAS DE LA LETRA, Caracas, ExCultura Editores / Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar, Sede Ecuador, 1996; xi , 188 pp. -- Javier Vásconez, EL VIAJERO DE PRAGA, México, Alfaguara / Libri Mundi, 1996; 304 pp.

Shale Gas and the EU Internal Gas Market: Beyond the Hype and Hysteria. CEPS Working Document No. 369, September 2012

This paper analyses the interplay between shale gas and the EU internal gas market. Drawing on data presented in the 2012 International Energy Agency’s report on unconventional gas and additional scenario analyses performed by the Joint Research Centre, the paper is based on the assumption that shale gas will not fundamentally change the EU’s dependence on foreign gas supplies. It argues that attention should be shifted away from hyping shale gas to completing the internal gas market. Two main reasons are given for this. First, the internal gas market is needed to enable shale gas development in countries where there is political support for shale gas extraction. And second, a well-functioning internal gas market would, arguably, contribute much more to Europe’s security of supply than domestic shale gas exploitation. This has important implications for the shale gas industry. As it is hard to see how subsidies or exemptions from environmental legislation could be justified, shale gas development in Europe will only go ahead if it proves to be both economically and environmentally viable. It is thus up to the energy industry to demonstrate that this is the case.

Which economic model for a water-efficient Europe? Report of a CEPS Task Force. CEPS Task Force Report, 27 November 2012

This CEPS Task Force Report focuses on how to improve water efficiency in Europe, notably in public supply, households, agriculture, energy and manufacturing as well as across sectors. It presents a number of recommendations on how to make better use of economic policy instruments to sustainably manage the EU’s water resources. Published in the run-up to the European Commission’s “Blueprint to Safeguard Europe’s Waters”, the report contributes to the policy deliberations in two ways. First, by assessing the viability of economic policy instruments, it addresses a major shortcoming that has so far prevented the 2000 EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) from becoming fully effective in practice: the lack of appropriate, coherent and effective instruments in (some) member states. Second, as the Task Force report is the result of an interactive process involving a variety of stakeholders, it is able to point to the key differences in interpreting and applying WFD principles that have led to a lack of policy coherence across the EU and to offer some pragmatic advice on moving forward.

Evaluation of forest snow processes models (SnowMIP2)

Thirty‐three snowpack models of varying complexity and purpose were evaluated across a wide range of hydrometeorological and forest canopy conditions at five Northern Hemisphere locations, for up to two winter snow seasons. Modeled estimates of snow water equivalent (SWE) or depth were compared to observations at forest and open sites at each location. Precipitation phase and duration of above‐freezing air temperatures are shown to be major influences on divergence and convergence of modeled estimates of the subcanopy snowpack. When models are considered collectively at all locations, comparisons with observations show that it is harder to model SWE at forested sites than open sites. There is no universal “best” model for all sites or locations, but comparison of the consistency of individual model performances relative to one another at different sites shows that there is less consistency at forest sites than open sites, and even less consistency between forest and open sites in the same year. A good performance by a model at a forest site is therefore unlikely to mean a good model performance by the same model at an open site (and vice versa). Calibration of models at forest sites provides lower errors than uncalibrated models at three out of four locations. However, benefits of calibration do not translate to subsequent years, and benefits gained by models calibrated for forest snow processes are not translated to open conditions.

Vibration–rotation variational calculations: precise results on HCN up to 25 000 cm−1

Variation calculations of the vibration–rotation energy levels of many isotopomers of HCN are reported, for J=0, 1, and 2, extending up to approximately 8 quanta of each of the stretching vibrations and 14 quanta of the bending mode. The force field, which is represented as a polynomial expansion in Morse coordinates for the bond stretches and even powers of the angle bend, has been refined by least squares to fit simultaneously all observed data on the Σ and Π state vibrational energies, and the Σ state rotational constants, for both HCN and DCN. The observed vibrational energies are fitted to roughly ±0.5 cm−1, and the rotational constants to roughly ±0.0001 cm−1. The force field has been used to predict the vibration rotation spectra of many isotopomers of HCN up to 25 000 cm−1. The results are consistent with the axis‐switching assignments of some weak overtone bands reported recently by Jonas, Yang, and Wodtke, and they also fit and provide the assignment for recent observations by Romanini and Lehmann of very weak absorption bands above 20 000 cm−1.

Atmospheric composition of West Africa: highlights from the AMMA program

The atmospheric composition of West Africa reflects the interaction of various dynamical and chemical systems (i.e. biogenic, urban, convective and long-range transport) with signatures from local to continental scales. Recent measurements performed during the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (AMMA) observational periods in 2005 and 2006 provide new data which has allowed new insight into the processes within these systems that control the distribution of ozone and its precursors. Using these new data and recently published results, we provide an overview of these systems with a particular emphasis on ozone distributions over West Africa during the wet season.

Population performance of collembolans feeding on soil fungi from different ecological niches

The potential reproductive value of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Gloinus intraradices and Glomus invermaium), root pathogenic fungi (Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium culmorum) and saprotrophic fungi (Penicillium hordei and Trichoderma harzianum) were examined for the collembolans Folsomia candida Willem and Folsomia fimetaria L. Dried baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was used as a reference standard food in laboratory cultures. Collembolan performance was determined as final size, fecundity and population growth rate after when fed the fungal food sources for 31 days. The mycorrhizal fungi gave the least growth and fecundity compared with the other fungi, but G. intraradices gave good fecundity for F. candida. In terms of growth, Baker's yeast was a high-quality food for both adults and juveniles of both species, but it was a poorer food in terms of fecundity of F. candida. Preference of the fungi in all possible pairwise combinations showed that although F. fimetaria did not perform well on Glomus spp. and F. candida did not grow well on Glomus spp. their preference for these fungi did not reflect this. The highest fecundity was seen with the root pathogen F. culmorum. Different quality indicators such as the C:N ratio of the fungal food sources as well as other biological parameters are discussed in relation to their reproductive value and Collembola preferential feeding. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

On the discourse of construction competitiveness

It is contended that competitiveness is better understood as a discourse rather than as a characteristic that is supposedly possessed. The discourse of competitiveness derives its legitimacy from the enterprise culture that came to dominance during the 1980s. Current popularized theories of competitiveness are constituent parts of this broader discourse, which has had significant material implications for the UK construction sector. The dominant discourse of competitiveness amongst contracting firms is shaped by the need to achieve structural flexibility to cope with fluctuations in demand. Fashionable espoused improvement recipes such as total quality management, business process re-engineering, and lean construction legitimize and reinforce the material manifestations of the enterprise culture. In consequence, the UK industry is characterized by a plethora of hollowed-out firms that have failed to invest in their human capital. While the adopted model may be rational for individual firms, the systemic effect across the sector as a whole equates to a form of anorexia. However, the discourse of competitiveness is by no means monolithic and continues to be contested locally. There have also been numerous counter-discourses that have been mobilized in response to the undesirable externalities of unbridled enterprise. Currently, important counter-discourses promote the ideas of sustainability and corporate social responsibility.