FIPRONIL promotes motor and behavioral changes in honey bees (APIS Mellifera) and affects the development of colonies exposed to sublethal doses

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Potential of the chemical dinotefuran in the control of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae) semi-engorged female ticks

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Toxicity of imidacloprid to the stingless bee Scaptotrigona postica Latreille, 1807 (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A candidate short-term toxicity test using Ampelisca brevicornis to assess sublethal responses to pharmaceuticals bound to marine sediments

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Atrazine levels in the Jaboticabal water stream (Sao Paulo State, Brazil) and its toxicological effects on the pacu fish Piaractus mesopotamicus

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Hormesis method for increasing oat straw with a view to viability of direct-seeding systems

In conservation agriculture, mainly under direct seeding, maintaining the vegetation ground cover is essential, since this serves as a reservoir of nutrients which are slowly released to plants by microorganisms. Some authors have sought to study increases in the amount of straw in the soil, in addition to slowing down the process of decomposition, with hormesis being one of the techniques used. This technique states that all chemical substances are both poisonous and nonpoisonous, with only the dosage determining whether they are lethal or not. This study aimed to evaluate the dry weight and agronomic characteristics of a crop of black oat subjected to hormesis. The experimental design was of randomised blocks, with 12 treatments and 4 replications, giving a total of 48 experimental lots. The treatments were: Haloxyfop-R Methyl Ester at dosages of 0.625, 1.25 and 2.50 g ha(-1); Glyphosate at dosages of 12.50, 25.00 and 50.00 g ha-1; 2,4-D dimethylamine salt at dosages of 100.00, 200.00 and 300.00 g ha(-1); Alterbane at a dosage of 500.00 g ha(-1); Salicylic acid at a dose of 100 g ha(-1); and a control. It was concluded that for the subdosages under test, the herbicides 2,4-D at medium dosage and Verdict at low dosage were shown to be the best treatments for conserving straw as ground cover under direct seeding.

Carotenoid Profile of Tomato Sauces: Effect of Cooking Time and Content of Extra Virgin Olive Oil

The consumption of carotenoid-rich vegetables such as tomatoes and tomato sauces is associated with reduced risk of several chronic diseases. The predominant carotenoids in tomato products are in the (all-E) configuration, but (Z) isomers can be formed during thermal processing. The effect of cooking time (15, 30, 45 and 60 min) and the addition of extra virgin olive oil (5% and 10%) on the carotenoid extractability of tomato sauces was monitored using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) and LC-ultraviolet detection (LC-UV). The thermal treatment and the addition of extra virgin olive oil increased the levels of antioxidant activity, total carotenoids, Z-lycopene isomers, -carotene and -carotene. These results are of particular nutritional benefit since higher lycopene intake has been associated with a reduced risk of lethal prostate and a reduction of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. Moreover, -carotene has been reported to suppress the up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 gene expression in a dose dependent manner and to suppress UVA-induced HO-1 gene expression in cultured FEK4.

Imazapyr herbicide efficacy on floating macrophyte control and ecotoxicology for non-target organisms

the aims of this study were to determine imazapyr efficacy for floating macrophyte control and ecotoxicology for non-target organisms. For the floating macrophyte control efficacy tests were used the doses of 0,5; 1,0; 2,0; 2,5; 3,0; 3,5 and 4,0 L ha(-1) and a control with 10 replicates. The acute toxicology for non-target organisms was estimated by lethal concentration 50% (LC50 and EC50). The floating macrophyte control efficacy was over 90%. Imazapyr was classified as moderately toxic for the following biomarkers: L. minor, H. eques, B. rerio, P. caudimaculatus, P. canaliculata, and P. mesopotamicus and lightly toxic for A. caroliniana. Thus, imazapyr herbicide is a tool with great potential to be used on floating macrophyte control (E. crassipes, P. stratiotes e S. molesta) in Brazil and this practice can be evaluated by the use of application biomarkers.

Bioindicadores neotropicais de ecotoxicidade e risco ambiental de fármacos de interesse para aquicultura

The aims of this research were to evaluate the acute toxicity (LC/EC50) and the environmental risk of toltrazuril (TOL) and florfenicol (FFC) for plant Lemna minor, snail Pomacea canalicuta, fish Piaractus mesopotamicus and Hyphessobrycon eques and the microcrustacean Daphnia magna. The organisms were acclimated in room bioassay with controlled temperature according to standard to each one. They were exposed at nominal concentrations in static system. For environmental risk (RQ) was used the estimated environmental concentration (EEC) that is the dosage indicate to treatment and the lethal or effective concentration (LC/CE50) from each drug in acute exposure. FFC showed LC50;7d of 97.03 mg L-1 for L. minor; >100.0 mg L-1 for P. mesopotamicus and H. eques and EC50;48h > 100.0 mg L-1 for P. canaliculata and D. magna, and it was classified low risk (RQ = 0.01) for all bioindicators. TOL howed LC50;7d >100.0 mg L-1 for L. minor, 3.72 mg L-1 for P. mesopotamicus; 6.22 mg L-1 for H. eques and CE50;48h of 7.59 mg L-1 for P. canaliculata and 18.57 mg L-1 for D. magna, and it was classified low risk (RQ = 0.01) for L. minor and high risk for P. mesopotamicus (RQ = 2.68), H. eques (RQ = 6.22), P. canaliculata (RQ = 1.31) and D. magna (RQ = 0.53). Lemna minor was the bioindicator indicating of FFC toxicity and H. eques, bioindicator of the TOL. FFC is safety however and the use of TOL necessaries cautions to treat the wastewater before discard on the environment.

Acute toxicity and determination of the active constituents of aqueous extract of uncaria tomentosa bark in hyphessobrycon eques

Uncaria tomentosa is a medicinal plant used in folk medicine by Amazon tribes. In this study the constituents of aqueous extract of U. tomentosa bark were quantified by chromatographic technique and its lethal concentration 50 (48 h) in Hyphessobrycon eques was determined. The chromatography showed high levels of oxindole alkaloids, quinovic acid glycosides, and low molecular weight polyphenols. The CL50 48 h was 1816 mg/L. Fish showed behavior changes at concentrations above 2000 mg/L, accompanied by a significant decrease of dissolved oxygen. At the highest concentration 100% mortality was observed attributed to oxygen reduction by the amount of oxindole alkaloids, polyphenols accumulation of the extract in the gills, and the interaction of these compounds with dopamine. In conclusion, the aqueous extract of U. tomentosa did not alter the chemical components and it was shown that U. tomentosa has low toxicity to H. eques; therefore, it can be used safely in this species.

Acute kidney injury after massive attack of Africanised bees

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a well-documented complication of massive attack by Africanised bees and can be observed 48-72 h after the accident. We report a case of Africanised bees attack followed by severe and lethal AKI. A 56-year-old man was admitted to emergency department after a massive attack of Africanised bees (>1000 bee stings). He was unconscious, presenting with hypotension and tachycardia. Mechanical ventilation, volume expansion and care for anaphylaxis were instituted. The patient was transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU) and after 48 h he developed rhabdomyolysis, oliguria, increased creatinine levels, hyperkalaemia and refractory acidosis. A diagnosis of AKI secondary to rhabdomyolysis and shock was made. The patient was treated with a prolonged course of haemodialysis. However, he progressed to refractory shock and died 5 days after admission.

Systemic leukopenia, evaluation of laminar leukocyte infiltration and laminar lesions in horses with naturally occurring colic syndrome

The present study was aimed at identifying laminar lesions and leukocyte infiltration in hoof laminar tissue of horses with colic syndrome and its correlation with the total leukocyte count before death. Six healthy horses were used as control group (CG), and eighteen horses with lethal gastrointestinal disease were divided into two groups: leukopenic group (LG) with seven leukopenic horses, and non-leukopenic group (NLG) with 11 horses with total leukocyte count within reference range for the species. Leukocyte infiltration was examined by immunohistochemistry. Laminar lesions were observed in both LG and NLG, with no differences in severity between them. LG showed increase of the leukocyte infiltration in the hoof laminar tissue, when compared to CG and NLG. Horses with severe colic syndrome (LG and NLG) developed intense laminar lesions without clinical signs of laminitis, with increased leukocyte infiltration. However, the LG demonstrated an even higher increase of leukocyte infiltration compared to both CG and NLG.

Notificações espontâneas de eventos adversos a medicamentos hospitalares: estudo piloto

Introduction: Post-marketing surveillance of drugs aims to detect problems related to safety, effectiveness and quality. The identification of adverse drug events (ADE) is made, mainly, by health professionals´ spontaneous reporting. This method allows risk communication in pharmacovigilance and contributes for market regulation. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of adverse drug reaction (ADR) and the suspicions of therapeutic failure (TF) reported by health professionals; to verify the active principle and type of drugs related to ADE, seriousness, causality, production mechanism and clinical manifestation of the events identified. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed in a teaching and public hospital which integrates the Sentinel Hospital Network, in 2008. ADR seriousness was classified according to intensity (mild, moderate, serious and lethal); drugs associated with ADE were categorized according to type (brand name drugs and non-brand name drugs); causality was imputed with Naranjo algorithm and the mechanism of occurrence was analyzed according to Rawlins e Thompson definitions (A or B). Results: There were 103 ADE reports in the period, of which 39 comprised TF and 64 ADR. Nurses reported the most ADE (53.4%). The majority of ADR were classified as type A (82.8%), mild (81.3%), possible (57.8%), according to causality assessment, and related to brand name drugs (20/35). Human immunoglobulin, docetaxel and paclitaxel were the drugs frequently associated with ADR. TF arising from no-brand name drugs (26/29), regarding, mainly, midazolam and ganciclovir. Conclusion: The results of the ADE report contribute for proposition of trigger tools for intensive monitoring of drug safety, as well as for the supplier qualification and for the improvement of quality products.

Análise do efeito de inseticidas neonicotinóides sobre a orientação e coleta de alimento de operárias de Apis mellifera L., 1758 (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Antioxidantes informados nos rótulos dos óleos vegetais comestíveis

The study of antioxidant has a great interest to biochemistry and medicine, due to of used in the human body as inhibitor to free radical process, which can cause premature aging and degenerative diseases. Furthermore, antioxidant is widely used in food industry that i s used to prevent food deterioration, in fats and oils (autoxidation, known as rancidity). Thereby, the survey data labels of vegetable oils such as soybean one, corn one and sunflower one, it is very important, with this survey data label was possible to verify the antioxidants used on vegetable oils and describe their chemical structure, molecular formula, lethal dose and daily dose by review. Following this review, it was possible to create a website with in formation and description of antioxidants. This database has free access to the public, in order to help the population about these chemicals compounds, and help them to choose the more beneficial food to eat