Pessoal ocupado e jornada de trabalho: uma releitura da evolução da produtividade no Brasil

Esse artigo faz uma releitura da evolução da produtividade nas últimas três décadas no Brasil e apresenta uma análise distinta da usualmente reportada na literatura. Em particular, mostramos que parte importante da perda da produtividade do trabalho ocorrida entre os anos de 1982 e 1992 pode ser explicada pela redução da jornada de trabalho média da economia brasileira. Nesse período, a produtividade por trabalhador caiu (-0,6%) enquanto que a produtividade por hora do trabalho ficou estagnada (+0,1%) devido a redução da jornada de trabalho (-0,7%). Com base nos dados de 1982 a 2011 da PNAD, do IBGE, construímos uma série anual de horas trabalhadas para a economia brasileira ajustada pelas modificações metodológicas da PNAD e, em seguida, utilizamos a PME para construir uma serie em frequência mensal que leva em conta os ciclos econômicos, permitindo uma análise mais precisa da evolução da produtividade do trabalho e da produtividade total de fatores (PTF) no período. Nossos resultados indicam que, no período 1982-2011, tanto a produtividade do trabalho (32,3%) quanto a PTF (14,5%) apresentaram uma elevação superior à sugerida por boa parte da literatura sobre o tema.

Os efeitos da redução da jornada de trabalho de 48 para 44 horas semanais sobre o mercado de trabalho no Brasil

The reduction of standard weekly working hours from the curreilt leveI of 44 hours to 40 hours has recently been proposed by the main central unions as a way to create jobs and reduce unemployment in Brazil. The idea, known as work-sharing, is that the reduction in average hours per worker allows the same tasks to be performed bymore employees. However, the notion ofwork-sharing has been challenged by the theoretical and the empirical literature. Theory says that, in general, a reduction in the duration ofthe workweek tends to decrease employment. Work-sharing is even less likely in the case of no wage restraint, when monthly wages are not proportionally reduced. Recent cautious econometric evidence also conflict with the notion of work -sharing (Hunt, 1999, and Crépon and Kramarz, 2000). The objective ofthis paper is to study the effects ofthe workweek length reduction from 48 to 44 hours, prescribed by the 1988 Constitutional change, on the Brazilian labor market. We find that: i) the reduction of standard working hours was followed by a significant decrease in actual working hours: 60,7% ofthe employees that worked between 45 and 48 weekly hours in 1988 (the affected group) and that remained employed in 1989 switched to a 40-44 hours workweek; ii) belonging to the affected group in 1988 had no statistical effect on the probability ofbecoming unemployed, exiting the labor market, or switching to an informal job in 1989; iii) the reduction in working hours implied a 8,8% increase in hourly real wages with respect to those that remained employed at 40-44 hours a week. In sum, the reduction of standard working hours in 1988 reduced actual working hours, did not affect the probability ofa typical worker to lose hisjob in 1989, and implied a relative increase in hourly real wages.

Coordenador de Pesquisa da FGV-DAPP participa de jornada de estudos de regulação

O Coordenador de Pesquisas da FGV-DAPP, Rafael Martins de Souza, participa a partir de hoje da 8ª edição da Jornada de Estudos de Regulação, um fórum que reúne representantes da academia, do poder público e dos entes regulados. O evento será realizado no Palácio Itamaraty, no Rio de Janeiro, entre os dias 26 a 28, e discutirá os "Desafios de Governança Diante das Demandas Sociais".

Uma jornada pela inovação

Este livro reúne todas as apresentações e debates realizados no evento de lançamento do FIBA, ocorrido no dia 15 de agosto de 2008 no auditório da Escola de Administração da UFBA, e que reuniu cerca de 200 pessoas, entre pesquisadores, líderes de instituições governamentais e do terceiro setor com afinidade ao tema, executivos de várias empresas e estudantes.

Jornada pelo Universo Digital

Existe também um jogo relacionado a esta animação. Você pode jogar clicando aqui: http://audiovisual.uab.ufscar.br/em/paulo_montanaro/jg2_paulo_em/index.html

Promoção da actividade física laboral, como meio de prevenção e redução da dor, nos assistentes operacionais de acção directa

As lesões músculo-esqueléticas associadas ao trabalho, dentro dos assistentes operacionais de acção directa, atingem incidência elevada. Os idosos nas instituições são em grande parte dependentes, aumentando o nível da carga de trabalho sofrida por estes auxiliares no apoio directo. O presente trabalho pretende promover um Programa de Actividade Física Laboral, como forma de prevenção e redução da dor resultante daquelas lesões. Metodologia: a amostra total é constituída por 67 funcionários, de ambos sexos, divididos por dois grupos: 1) intervenção (n=37), e 2) controlo (n=30). A dor foi avaliada através de uma Ficha de Anamnese do Historial da Dor; da Escala Numérica da Dor (Circular Normativa da Direcção-Geral da Saúde, 2003) e do Questionário da Auto-Eficácia Dor Crónica desenvolvido por Anderson et al. (1995). A Aptidão Física foi avaliada através da bateria de testes do Eurofit para adultos (Oja & Tuxworth, 1995), sendo a composição corporal determinada através do IMC, cujos valores foram referenciados pela World Health Organization (2006) e do Perímetro da cintura referenciado pela Internacional Diabetes Federation (2006). A actividade física habitual e a prontidão para a mesma foram averiguadas através do Questionário de Avaliação da Actividade Física Habitual desenvolvido por Baecke et al. (1982) e pelo PAR-Q (ACSM, 2006), respectivamente. A auto-percepção do estado de saúde geral e da qualidade de vida foi analisada através do questionário MOS SF-36 de Ware & Sherbourne (Ferreira, 2000a, 2000b). Resultados: Após os 5 meses de aplicação do programa de intervenção, 56,5% dos indivíduos integrados no grupo de intervenção apresentaram redução de dor, e ocorreram 0% de novos casos de dor. Nos testes motores, este grupo apresentou melhoria na amplitude de movimento (no teste de abdução-do-ombro, =0,042). Na auto-percepção do estado de saúde geral verificaram-se melhorias significativas na dimensão física(=0,002).

Contribuições da inserção musical para a qualidade de vida no trabalho em ambiente laboral fabril

The present thesis aimed at understanding how the insertion of music in the work environment contributes to achieving Quality of Work Life. - QWL, under the perspective of biopsychosocial and organizational well-being. As to music insertion we considered the theoretical-empirical perception about how music is inserted at work and its functions on such place. The context where the study was taken was the manufacturing area of a major textile company, located in Natal, state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, in which music is used during labor activities. The only study case was the research strategy adopted, with exploratory and descriptive purposes. The primary data were collected through the focus group technique, applied to the collaborator in the manufacturing sector. The semi-structured interview was done as a complementary tool, directed to the supervisor in that sector. Respecting the theoretical saturation criterion, we formed four focus groups, each one composed of eight members randomly selected, among the seventy-six collaborators in the sector. The data were analyzed qualitatively, through the content analysis technique, more specifically the category analysis. We identified twenty-eight QWL attributes. Six of them were found present in the four focus groups and in the interview. Among these ones, the attribute of Interpersonal Relationship at Work, contemplating the Psychological and Organizational dimensions, was the only one anticipated in four out of fifteen theoretical models here listed. The attribute Music at Work Environment could be inserted in the four QWL dimensions, highlighting the power and relevance of this attribute for the research participants. The way music has been inserted in the labor environment contributes to promoting well-being at work, which goes against theoretical conceptions, especially when it comes to musical genre. We identified nine functions of music at work, among which, Improving Work Conditions, Improving Interpersonal Relationship at Work and Favoring Motivation for Work had to be emphasized for being associated to three QWL attributes. In the total, we highlighted seven associations. The most affected QWL dimension through the insertion of music at work was the Psychological one, followed by the Organizational one. We conclude that music insertion provides biological, social and, above all, psychological and organizational well-being to the contributors, thus contributing to obtaining QWL at the labor environment researched. However, we should consider the context and proceed to periodical plans and adjustments in the way of music insertion so as to avoid health and well-being problems to those people at work

Proteção constitucional do trabalhador portador de incapacidade laboral

Social security has constitutional protection and encompasses health policies, social security and welfare, which are explicitly recognized as a fundamental social right. When workers suffering from work disability are unable to earn income with your work force to support themselves and their families. The State, through the public welfare, contributory and compulsory, has a duty to protect workers in times of misfortune, replacing these income through the provision of social security benefits. Disability the employee has a higher degree of vulnerability, and the granting of disability claims a right sensitive, which can‟t suffer postponements, lest cause legal uncertainty and violating the dignity of the human person. There isn‟t legal definition of disability. The main purpose of the study is the constitutional protection of the worker carrying work disability, seeking to highlight the factors affecting work disability and proposing the use of objective criteria for the grant of social security benefits, because the criteria used are purely medical, based the subjectivity and agency of medical assessor, which hinders the judicial and administrative control of the State. At the time of preparing the expert report, the expert should not consider only tangible aspects, but also social and environmental issues, which contribute to the inability to work and therefore should be considered in granting social security benefits. The granting of social security benefits for incapacity for work is intended to prevent or lessen the impact of individual and social risks in relation to the worker incapacitated, ensuring that the constitutional protection to be effective. The presumed inability, the institute reversing the burden of proof and free conviction motivated are important tools for resolving conflicts between the insured and welfare, finding basis in the insured`s vulnerability, sensitivity and little reliance right at issue in relation to the employee social pension

Efetividade dos direitos trabalhistas e os princípios constitucionais concretizadores da proteção laboral

The Brazilian Constitution aims to regularize the broadest possible the fundamental grounded in the value and supreme principle of human dignity, supporting a Democratic State of Law, to essentially give basic rights to all for a dignified existence. As the result of a historical development, fundamental rights incorporated by legal order represents a real reaction against acts that ignored the dignity of each person in one of these scenarios, especially inserted into the labor relationship, the principle of protection comes to balance and compose such relationship between employers and workers, raising this principle as axiological essence of this subject, based especially on the protection and guarantee of fundamental rights of the worker. For this study, was developed a literature research using books, legislation, legal websites and articles related to the subject, in order to analyze the principle of protection insert in the legal order, properly authoritative on the principle of equality, the social value of the work of human dignity to confer protection to the most vulnerable and admittedly weak of the labor relationship in order to serve the specific regulations legal practical tools and effective protection, against the employer hierarchical power and steering that can not change into abuses and attacks on the fundamental rights of the worker. In conclusion, is not enough, recognizing the vulnerability of the worker, it is necessary to carry out protective legal instruments in line with the the human dignity, consectário logical fundamental rights of workers, to be held in a proportional manner and sometimes flexible, depending on the case. Protection has a beginning and end to ensure that the human dignity that must presuppose a working relationship achieved by orderly and normative power of constitutional norms, with the aim of designing that labor is not an end in itself, but a means to the achievement of the economic advancement by promoting social development and providing necessary support for the increasingly marked impairment of fundamental rights of the worker

As condições de trabalho e a satisfação profissional: dimensões do profissionalismo docente no ensino médio

The dissertation is developed in the Research Base of Teacher Training and Professionalization of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte as a way to discuss the professionalization of High School teachers in Natal. It is a study linked to the research The context of teaching practice and professionalism: the case of high school teachers and sponsored by CNPq, with the objective of characterizing working conditions and job satisfaction as dimensions to the teacher professionalism in high schools. In this study we prioritized the focus on professionalization in national and international discussions, which combines the aspects of teaching in its historical, social, political and economical path, in order to reflect about its evolutional elements in the hierarchy of professions and establish a relation to high school teaching. To develop this relation we elaborated some questions that are considered relevant, such as: How does the high school teacher evaluate his/her working conditions to his/her professional practice? What level of satisfaction does the high school teacher have regarding his/her professional practice? What expectations does the high school teacher have in relation to his/her professional development? The answers to those questions were according to the high school teachers considerations shown in the questionnaire, which was structured with open and closed questions. These questions gave better adequacy to the teachers evaluations about their working place and the situations they experience in their working conditions, provoking job satisfaction and expectations for professional growth. The description of the teachers perception about working conditions, job satisfaction and expectation of professional development can explain the distinct factors that characterize these categories in the working context, although the conclusive results, in general, do not show a direct relationship between the categories studied. Some factors that teachers attribute as causes of bigger difficulties in working conditions and work activity itself are: working time, salary, professional status, school s infrastructure, and school s social context. These factors are similarly related to the degree of job satisfaction, without showing interference in the professional expectations

Clima organizacional e satisfação laboral: um estudo sobre os núcleos hospitalares de epidemiologia de Natal/RN

The Hospital Epidemiology Nucleus (NHE) is a structure that has a specific organizational climate, which influence the level of job satisfaction among professionals working in it. This is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach, aimed to identify the relationship between organizational climate in the NHE regulated in the city of Natal / RN and the job satisfaction among its professionals from the perspective of theoretical issues about Organizational Development. The research was carried out in 13 hospitals with different kinds of sponsorship, 9 public, 3 philanthropic and 1 private. Data were collected using the instrument "organization in hospitals: issues relating to climate and job satisfaction , with 33 professionals appointed and active on NHE. This study obtained an appropriate consent of the Research Ethics Committee of the Hospital of Pediatrics Professor Heriberto Ferreira Bezerra, from the Riograndense Northern League Against Cancer and the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. Data collected were organized and treated with simple descriptive statistics. It was observed that from 33 of surveyed people, 93% was female, had an average of 40 years old age, with activity duration between 1 and 2 years (84.9%). Furthermore, 45.5% of industry professionals were nurses. It was identified that professionals working in NHE perceive and experience its work environment as an Organization Structure in construction. It was found that with the exception of the aspects "working life", "socio-cultural" and "organizational culture , the other internal and external factors to the NHE does not have strong expression in the forming of an organizational climate conducive to the development of the sector. It was found that 70% of interviewed perceive the organizational climate as favorable for the industry's progress. Regarding the job level of satisfaction, respondents feel fairly satisfied with the organizational structure. Therefore, the results of this study are suggestive that there is some factor that is greatly contributing to a healthy organizational climate that encourages the industry team members of the NHE present behaviors that identify them as actors committed and satisfied with the work, even face of all obstacles to implementation of epidemiological surveillance. Thus, it is suggested for futures studies to seek to determine how the organizational culture, while significant internal factor, influencing the organizational climate establishment of NHE and therefore the level of job satisfaction and well-being of each members of the team

Aumento da jornada de trabalho :qual a repercussão na vida dos trabalhadores da enfermagem?

The worker of the public service is loosing your acquisitive power by means of the politics of fiscal settlement. The ways out that were found in the health sector, especially in nursing, is being the increasing workday for beyond 40 or 20 hours established in the link of the work with the state. This survey has the object to identify the possible repercussion of the increasing workday in daily life workers from nursing in the public service of Rio Grande do Norte. The theory reference used was the work of Marx (1982) and Antunes (2000,2001) and the daily living in Heller (1991,1992). The methodology used was a qualitative survey in the exploration kind. The informations were gathered through interviews with open questions almost structured with workers of nursing, managers and representatives of entity. The analysis of informations were made through general categories, work, and daily life, using elements from dialetics-hermeneutics according to Minayo (1992,2002). In the analysis, it was identified that the ways that were found for the overcoming of the loss of acquisitive power were the many-employment; the extra scale of shift; the subletting of work posts and the substitution of friends in scales of work, and all of them being changed in increase. Other aspect realized was the move of rights, like vacation and medical license for the workers that act in extra scale. The tiredness, stress, and bad humor are influents factors in the development of work.. The reduction of free time makes in the workers ahguish because of the familiarity decreasement just as time to dedicate themselves to the technical-scientific improvement and for the cultivation of other aspects of subjectivity, as leisure, care and culture. The low salary and the non reajustment are the reasons for the adoption of part workers for the increasing workday, and government has been responsible for this situation. The conclusion was that the increasing workday has strong repercussions in the professional and personal daily life workers that made part of the survey

Uma análise exploratória da jornada flexível de trabalho sob a perspectiva de tutores na educação a distância

Information Age has been providing accelerated development of technologies in teaching, which is making the increase in distance courses and flexibility in the tutors everyday work. In this context, it was aimed to study the influence of flexible work in the development of activities and personal life of the tutors in Distance Education at Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. More specifically, they have been sought to compare the types of flexibility detected, identifying the extent of the day's work in mentoring; investigating the relationship between flexible working time and productivity; evaluating the Quality of Working Life (QWL) and for Work and Family Relationship of the tutors. Thus, work is justified by the importance of academic and organizational achievement. To meet the goals, it was obtained a sample of 75 respondents (45.73% of the population). The data collection instrument was comprised of 48 variables mainly based by Walton (1975) and Paschoal, Tamayo and Barham (2002). The statistical techniques used were: analysis of frequency, ratio test, factor analysis and regression. The results collected have shown that the presence and distance tutors experience similar realities, but have different profiles; the day of their work is on average three hours daily; in view of the tutors, flexibility has a relation with the production, QWL work-family balance were evaluated in a satisfactory manner and the statistical techniques used have shown significant influence between the QWL and flexible working day. It is therefore concluded that flexibility at work can influence the development of activities and personal life of the tutors. Thus, the flexible working day may be used in a strategy way of routine in many organizations

Avaliação de programa de ginástica laboral e desempenho funcional: um estudo em empresa distribuidora de energia elétrica

This thesis treats of a avaliation of a laboral gimnastics program of a electrical energy enterprise from Rio Grande do Norte. The leading aim of this work is to analyse the laboral gimnastics program with emphasis on functional performing and personal changes of staff of different categories. The work shows two divisions: at first, it was carried out the bibliographic study approaching the concepts and historic about the ergonomy and the main focus of study, the laboral gimnastics , performing factors and lifestyle.The second time , it was carried out the field study where was used a questionnaire to a 160 staff population which participate of laboral gymnastics program; then the data were analysed through three statistics analyses: multivaried__ clusters, qui-quadrado and multiple linear regression. The results aim to the confirmation that the laboral gymnastics program developed two years ago on enterprise proposes to the white-collar and operational workers an improving on their functional performing and also, to the changes in some aspects of lifestyle, like the food, leisure and stress level. In conclusion, it was checked that the investiment in life quality programs offer benefits both to the staff and the enterprise which will account with good services and satisfaction of customer. Therefore, it was concluded that the laboral gymnastics while a ergonomic tool and a physical activity, it is an investiment which needs more and more to be strengthened and inserted by many segments of society