985 resultados para Importancia metodológica


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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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This piece of research aims at analyzing the absolute and relative co-citation indicators, especially Salton’s Cosine and comparing the contribution of these indicators to the understanding of a domain, applying them to the universe of "Metric Studies" at the BRAPCI base. It also aims at presenting the co-citation network generated from the absolute frequencies and highlighting the groupings of co-cited authors, depending on the relative values, integrating and explaining the information from the two indexes. The domain analysis, by means of its 11 approaches, including “Bibliometric Studies”, focuses on the science characterization and evaluation, in that it allows us to identify and to analyze the conditions under which the scientific knowledge is constructed and socialized. In these studies, the contribution of citation and co-citation analysis is highlighted. Of the total of 147 articles retrieved at BRAPCI base, the authors cited in at least 11 articles, in a total of 38 researchers, were selected. The 38 x 38 symmetric matrix with the absolute frequencies of co-citation and the matrix with the relative values of Salton’s Cosine were generated. The co-citation network with absolute frequency values were constructed, through Ucinet software. Cluster analysis of data with relative values wer performed, using the SPSS software. Significant differences between the absolute and relative indexes, with some high absolute values of co-citation were observed; when considered in relation to the presence of each author, their significance is decreased. As to the generated network, seven groups were determined, in which only one is established for close themes and comes from co-citations in the original sense of the term. Five groups present closeness in absolute and relative indicators. It can be concluded about the importance of the studies of authors' co-citation analysis, which associate the two indexes, absolute and relative, in order to visualize and understand the underlying structures of a scientific domain.

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In this paper we discuss the importance of a methodological perspective of solving problems as a sustaining process of teaching mathematics situated on the perspective of concept formation. Organizing a significant didactic situation for students imposes the need to study the interaction between them and the teacher and between them and their mathematical knowledge, learning environment in which the mere transmission of content gives way to contextualization, to historicizing and handling of topics from intuitive and everyday situations for the student. Thus, we understand mathematics as a fundamental language for the creation of theoretical thinking as a whole. We made use of documental analysis and classroom situations aiming at the use of instructional procedure related to the resolution of problems with the purpose of overcoming some representations about the process of teaching and learning mathematics which is strongly marked by imitative-repetitive algorithmic procedures. Considering mathematics as an investigation discipline, we point out renewal prospects for the curricula of this discipline, which are concrete in the movement of cultural action of the school itself as the cell generating discussion.

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A pesquisa teve como objetivos gerais à aplicação dos métodos geoelétricos na hidrogeologia, visando: (1) estudos para captação de águas subterrâneas para abastecimento em geral; e, (2) estudos das contaminações de solos, rochas e águas subterrâneas, envolvendo as fases de investigação preventiva, confirmatória, remediação e monitoramento. Como objetivos específicos, através da aplicação dos métodos da eletrorresistividade e polarização induzida, utilizando-se das técnicas de campo da sondagem elétrica vertical - arranjo Schlumberger e caminhamento elétrico - arranjo dipolo-dipolo, e dos parâmetros de Dar Zarrouk, tem-se uma discussão e proposição metodológica e prática, em função da geologia local, sobre os produtos obtidos por essa metodologia, tais como: caracterização geológica na identificação de aqüíferos promissores e investigação de áreas contaminadas e/ou sujeitas à contaminação. Portanto, esse trabalho procurou apresentar uma discussão sobre os principais métodos e técnicas de campo dos métodos geoelétricos aplicados em estudos hidrogeológicos, com destaque na captação para abastecimento e diagnóstico de solos, rochas e águas subterrâneas frente a poluentes. A proposição metodológica apresentada, procurou aplicar uma relação entre a resolução de métodos e técnicas com custos e prazos adequados a um trabalho envolvendo a Geofísica Aplicada em estudos hidrogeológicos. O emprego da eletrorresistividade, com as técnicas da SEV e CE, por si só, revela-se decisivo para atingir os mais variados fins envolvendo esses tipos de estudos. A resistividade elétrica dos materiais geológicos, é definida, principalmente, em função de seus constituintes mineralógicos e o tipo de fluido presente, sendo, portanto, ideal para os estudos hidrogeológicos de maneira geral. Cabe ressaltar ainda... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

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The use of rainwater for non-potable purposes generates a reduction in the consumption of treated water, however, this reduction is not observed in the generation of wastewater, as this is independent of the water source. In Brazil, the pricing on the services of collection and treatment of sewage, in general, is based on the coefficient of return of the sewage disposal system, which has a relation sewer / water proportional to the consumption of treated water measured at the consumer unit. The use of rainwater originating from utilization systems infer on the coefficient, underestimating the volume of wastewater generated. Therefore, this study presents a methodology for setting the coefficient of return. Different roof areas, reservoir volumes and rates of water consumption situations were simulated. The behavior of adjustment of the coefficient of return were also analyzed for the average area per capita roof (m² / inhabitant) of Rio Claro - SP. As a result, it can be seen that the adjustment of the coefficient of return is directly proportional to the increase of the roof areas and the volumes of reservoirs, and inversely proportional to the total water demand. The corrected coefficient of return showed the minimum value of 0.83 and a maximum value of 1.45, this variation corresponds to the maximum ratio between the demands of total water and rainwater, since the exploitation of rain water should be used only for non-potable uses, according to NBR 15527 / 07. To the municipality of Rio Claro - SP was noted an adjustment of the coefficient of return ranging from 0.99 to 6.61

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Este trabalho foi escrito com intuito de apontar a importância do estágio docente na formação do futuro educador. Partindo de uma perspectiva metodológica autobiográfica, apresento ao leitor deste trabalho, o processo de minha constituição formativa desde o momento em que ingressei no curso de Licenciatura em Pedagogia pela UNESP – campus Rio Claro, até a conclusão da última etapa dos meus estágios docentes. Os dados contidos nos diferentes registros apresentados são analisados a partir do paradigma indiciário, onde procuro encontrar detalhes que contribuíram significativamente para o meu processo de constituição docente. Aponto os aprendizados adquiridos durante a realização das quatro etapas do meu estágio docente no contexto da escola e trago uma reflexão crítica acerca das experiências tidas nesse percurso. Sinalizo a importância do estágio docente na formação do futuro professor e quais as contribuições que o mesmo traz para o curso de licenciatura, para as instituições escolares onde o estágio foi realizado e para constituição formativa do futuro educador.

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The present study aims to establish the mapping units climate Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, with a more refined analysis in the study of extreme weather events to contribute to the adaptation of populations made vulnerable in the face of extreme weather events, and also as an aid local public policies, from a new perspective climate. As criteria of analysis, temperature, precipitation, altitude and use and occupation of land. For this we use as a work methodology broad literature review, fieldwork and use of geotechnology in the proposed mapping generation

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It is believed that epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation are important for the tumorigenesis and maintenance of the altered state of tumor cells. DNA methylation occurs by the addition of a methyl group to carbon 5 of cytosine, catalyzed by the enzyme DNA methyl-transferase, which can change the expression of a gene, including the tumor suppressor genes. In human squamous cell carcinoma, several features have shown the etiological role of genes in tumor development. Among them, FOXE1 gene (forkhead box E1 - thyroid transcription factor) is presented with an important role in susceptibility to disease. Similarly the FOXE1 methylation pattern could alter the expression of this gene in dogs and predisposed to tumor on. Therefore, this study aims to investigate in dogs, the validity of the strategy employed in humans to analyze the FOXE1 methylation status. DNA extraction from fresh frozen tumoral samples was performed by Wizard Genomic® DNA Purification Kit. The methylation status was determined by MSP-PCR (methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction), using 2.0 ng of DNA treated with sodium bisulphate. One hundred micrograms of bisulphite-modified DNA was amplified using primers specific for either methylated or unmethylated DNA (primers sequences are available at http://pathology2.jhu.edu/pancreas/primer.pdf). The analysis of fragments was loaded on to 7% polyacrylamide gels and silver nitrate staining. In this stage of technical approach, 60% were FOXE1 hypermethylated. In conclusion, it was observed that the standard technique for assessing the methylation pattern of gene FOXE1 in humans can be used for the same evaluation in dogs. The correlation of these molecular data with clinical and histopathological parameters may have diagnostic and prognostic value and still be used as a tumor marker for therapeutic decision and surgical approach

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Pós-graduação em Desenvolvimento Humano e Tecnologias - IBRC

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Considering the dynamics observed in bioethics conceptualization and its projection at the current society, this work, initially, provides a retrospective on the transformation of society over the centuries and, consequently on the emergence of new branches of scientific knowledge. Besides, offers a distinction between law, morality and ethics as a way to make the approximation of a definition of biolaw and bioethics, central theme of this study. Finally, emphasizes the importance of the use of bioethics and biolaw in the solution of conflicts of interest involving the so-called "actuality society law", all aimed at providing better protection for the current society, and particularly to guarantee the protection of fundamental rights for the citizen.

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As questões que motivaram o desenvolvimento deste trabalho foram decorrentes do debate permanente acerca do significado dos partidos políticos na atualidade. Partiu-se da hipótese de que a dinâmica organizacional do partido político poderia ser explicada por meio da análise das relações entre os seus filiados, substancialmente dos vínculos estabelecidos com os líderes partidários, com vistas a atenderem os objetivos políticos dos respectivos atores e, ao mesmo tempo, do partido. Assim, foi adotada uma abordagem e uma metodologia de análise que compreende a dinâmica organizacional a partir do capital político que circula no interior do partido, considerando os elementos orientadores das estratégias políticas: as relações entre os atores políticos, os aspectos institucionais e os resultados eleitorais. Para demonstrar o potencial teórico- metodológico da análise de redes sociais na compreensão do capital político, intra-organizacional, dos partidos políticos brasileiros, o texto apresenta resultados referentes a um estudo de caso: o Partido da Social Democracia Brasileria no estado de São Paulo (PSDB-SP), período entre 1988 e 2006.