Maxwell's Demon, Rectifiers, and the Second Law: Computer Simulation of Smoluchowski's Trapdoor

We have simulated numerically an automated Maxwell's demon inspired by Smoluchowski's ideas of 1912. Two gas chambers of equal area are connected via an opening that is covered by a trapdoor. The trapdoor can open to the left but not to the right, and is intended to rectify naturally occurring variations in density between the two chambers. Our results confirm that though the trapdoor behaves as a rectifier when large density differences are imposed by external means, it can not extract useful work from the thermal motion of the molecules when left on its own.

A Note of Zipf's Law, Natural Languages, and Noncoding DNA Regions

In Phys. Rev. Letters (73:2), Mantegna et al. conclude on the basis of Zipf rank frequency data that noncoding DNA sequence regions are more like natural languages than coding regions. We argue on the contrary that an empirical fit to Zipf"s "law" cannot be used as a criterion for similarity to natural languages. Although DNA is a presumably "organized system of signs" in Mandelbrot"s (1961) sense, and observation of statistical featurs of the sort presented in the Mantegna et al. paper does not shed light on the similarity between DNA's "gramar" and natural language grammars, just as the observation of exact Zipf-like behavior cannot distinguish between the underlying processes of tossing an M-sided die or a finite-state branching process.

Law, "Tradition" and Legitimacy: Contesting Driglam Namzha.

A critical examination of diglam namzha and the production of "tradition".

Multiple Principles and the Obligation to Obey the Law

Nkiruka, A., Multiple Principles and the Obligation to Obey the Law, Deakin Law Review. Vol. 10. No. 2. 2005. p. 524 RAE2008

The Impact of the Oil Industry on Water in Nigeria: How Adequate is the Law and its Enforcement?

Engobo, E., The Impact of the Oil Industry on Water in Nigeria: How Adequate is the Law and its Enforcement? 1 Benin Journal of Public Law (2003) 88-112 RAE2008

Ubuntu and the Obligation to Obey the Law

Nkiruka, M., Ubuntu and the Obligation to Obey the Law, Cambrian Law Review. Vol. 37. 2006. p. 17 RAE2008

The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe and European Security Law

Odello, Marco, The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe and European Security Law, In: European Security Law, Oxford University Press, pp. 295-328, 2007. RAE2008

Intention and Causation in Medical Non-Killing: The impact of criminal law concepts on euthanasia and assisted suicide

null RAE2008

The Limitations of Law in promoting synergy between environment and development policies in developing countries

Journal of Energy and Natural Resources Law, 24(4) pp.574-606 RAE2008

Identifying the Aggressor under International Law: A Principles Approach

null RAE2008

Cross-Border Unitization and Joint Development Agreements: An International Law Perspective

Okoye, Adaeze, et al, 'Cross-Border Unitization and Joint Development Agreements: An International Law Perspective', Houston Journal of International Law (2007) 29(2) pp.355-425 RAE2008

Double Jeopardy Without Parameters: Re-characterization in International Criminal Law

Olusanya, O. (2004). Double Jeopardy Without Parameters: Re-characterization in International Criminal Law. Series Supranational Criminal Law: Capita Selecta, volume 2. Antwerp: Intersentia. RAE2008

'Possession is nine tenths of the law': Britain and the boundaries of Eastern Europe since 1945

Hughes, R. G., ''Possession is nine tenths of the law': Britain and the boundaries of Eastern Europe since 1945', Diplomacy and Statecraft, (2005) 16(4) pp.723-747 RAE2008

The law and custom of slavery in British India : in a series of letters to Thomas Fowell Buxton, Esq. by William Adam; Thomas Fowell Buxton, Sir

http://books.google.com/books?id=plhkPFrJ1QUC&dq=law+and+custom+of+slavery+in+British+India