Olhares recicláveis: percepções ambientais sobre políticas públicas de resíduos sólidos urbanos: um estudo de caso sobre coleta seletiva nas cidades do Rio de Janeiro(RJ) e Curitiba(PR)

A base desta dissertação foi a avaliação dos resultados relativos ao planejamento e à implantação da coleta seletiva de resíduos sólidos urbanos, nos municípios do Rio de Janeiro e Curitiba, pontuando o que contribuiu para a adoção de diretrizes adequadas, com eficiência operacional e efetiva adesão da população ao programa. A pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar as percepções ambientais de moradores dos municípios de Curitiba e do Rio de Janeiro sobre as respectivas políticas públicas de coleta seletiva, a fim de pontuar as contribuições para a melhoria da sustentabilidade das referidas zonas urbanas. Teve como objetivos específicos: (i) avaliar os sistemas de gestão dos resíduos sólidos e da coleta seletiva nos municípios do Rio de Janeiro e de Curitiba; (ii) identificar planos e políticas públicas nacionais de tratamento e disposição final dos resíduos sólidos; (iii) descrever a prática da coleta seletiva nas cidades de Curitiba e do Rio de Janeiro; (iv) realizar pesquisa de opinião e de percepção fundamentada na percepção ambiental; e (v) fazer uma análise comparativa a partir dos dados obtidos nas investigações realizadas. O método utilizado foi o do estudo qualitativo fundado na percepção ambiental, a partir da aplicação de questionários e visitas de campo, que foram analisados e serviram como base para a obtenção dos resultados, discussão e conclusão. A partir do levantamento e análise dos dados obtidos nos questionários e visitas técnicas nos municípios estudados, identificou-se que, de fato, os cidadãos curitibanos são mais engajados com o sistema de coleta seletiva do que os cariocas. Apesar de ambos acharem o sistema importante e necessário para o meio ambiente urbano, os cariocas o acham falho, ao não contribuir para uma boa participação social. As lacunas estão, principalmente, vinculadas à precariedade de atuação do poder público, e à falta de divulgação e de programas de educação ambiental para melhor instruir a população. Os resultados possibilitaram mostrar os motivos pelos quais o sistema de coleta seletiva em Curitiba vem se desenvolvendo com sucesso, enquanto o do Rio de Janeiro enfrenta dificuldades.

喀斯特洞穴系统中稳定同位素地球化学特征及其环境意义

洞穴次生化学沉积物作为探索区域性、全球性气候变化规律和环境变迁史最重要的“信息库”之一，取得了不少有价值的研究成果。但同时，随着高分辨、短时间尺度气候-环境变化记录研究的开展与数据的进一步积累，也发现此类研究目前存在着一些问题与局限性。事实上，洞穴次生化学沉积物环境替代指标的形成经历了一系列复杂的过程，包含的影响因数相对较多。总的来说，其形成过程从大气降雨开始，穿越土壤层、洞穴盖板层到洞穴内滴水中CO2逸出、过饱和的CaCO3结晶和水中携带的不溶物沉淀。其中在不同的气候与环境条件下水与各层（如土壤层、表层喀斯特和潜水带等）中媒介之间发生的物理化学过程决定了环境替代指标的真实涵义。但目前有关这些替代指标的形成过程及其影响因子、适用性等方面的研究工作相当薄弱，尽管包括本文作者所在课题组在内的一些学者已认识到这一工作的重要性，零星做了一点工作，但还无法形成系统的认识。 在我国西南部，缺少类似我国北方的巨厚黄土堆积，但岩溶发育，且连片分布，其面积居世界首位（东亚喀斯特片区的中心）。因此，在该地区气候环境变迁史研究中，环境记录“档案”——洞穴次生化学沉积物在该方面所起的作用具有与北方黄土一样的重要意义。该研究为利用洞穴次生化学沉积物的地球化学特征恢复古生态环境意义的研究奠定坚实的理论基础。基于此，我们选择我国西南喀斯特发育最为典型的贵州作为研究区域，通过对分布于境内不同地方100多个洞穴进行实地考察和综合评判之后，筛选出一个系列的4个喀斯特洞穴作为研究对象，分别选取一定数量采样点进行采样。在前人研究的基础上，更加深入系统地对该4个洞穴系统中的稳定同位素（碳和氧同位素）进行研究。 分别系统地采集了4个洞穴系统中的大气、植物、土壤、土壤空气、土壤水、基岩、泉水、洞穴滴水、洞穴空气、塘水、潭水和滴水对应的洞穴次生化学沉积物等，现场测试pH值、电导率（Cond.）和气温（T）等，室内分别测试了稳定同位素和其他相关指标（如各种离子浓度等），以期开展不同生态环境条件下正在形成的洞穴次生化学沉积物及其对应的洞穴滴水的地球化学特征的比较研究，揭示它们对气候环境变化的响应机制，即稳定同位素等洞穴次生化学沉积物环境替代指标的现代形成过程以及各种影响因子。 本研究主要取得以下几点认识： 1. 虽然缺乏同气候、等海拔和生物量在10~90 t/hm2之间的植被序列洞穴的对比，以及对土壤有机质和土壤微生物活性等的相关试验研究，但根据分析仍可获知，洞穴化学次生沉积物的碳同位素的生物量效应是由植物碳同位素及土壤CO2微生物分馏作用机制共同制约。也就是说，洞穴沉积物碳同位素信号所反映的信息包括植被碳同位素组成及其生物量所控制的土壤性质（如微生物等），并不一定指示地表植被的C3/C4比例变化，甚至也不一定指示乔、灌、草的比例，当然也不仅仅是植被覆盖变化的简单体现。总之，生物量效应在横向上是存在的，它至少部分控制着洞穴化学次生沉积物碳同位素的变化，在对石笋等碳同位素的高分辨率解译过程中是不容忽视的。其机理可能是，生物量的大小控制土壤性质（营养和含水量等），进而激发或抑制土壤微生物群落的生长和发育，从而影响土壤有机质的分解过程最终导致次生沉积物δ13C值的变化。 2. 贵州喀斯特地区δ13CSOC与源植物的δ13C差值最大达8‰以上，其主要受土壤水热条件、质地和pH值控制。由此可见，δ13CSOC动态总体上反映了植被破坏历史。不过由于未进行具体年限测定，植被受破坏的具体时间未知。因此，今后除了需对SOC含量等问题进行系统的研究外，14C定年以及喀斯特地区更多土壤剖面等的工作也有待进一步开展。 3. 洞穴水在下渗过程中普遍发生了混合作用，致使从上（地表）到下（洞穴）δ13CDIC值变化幅度变小。除了QXD和JJD中δ13CDIC值偏重的滴水外，基岩对滴水碳同位素组成的影响都相对较小，而各洞穴中滴水（沉积物）等碳同位素组成与洞穴上覆植被等有关，是生态环境的真实记录。LFD中各种洞穴水δ13CDIC值之间基本上都达到或接近同位素平衡，且与洞穴系统的生态环境有很好的相关关系（非常显著的时间变化）；QXD和JJD之间的洞穴水（除土壤水外）δ13CDIC动态极为相似，即同一洞穴同期不同滴水点滴水δ13CDIC存在很大差异，可能与上覆土壤受到严重破坏导致基岩贡献率相对较高有关，而其中的几个滴水与相应沉积物的同位素不平衡可能是沉积速率太慢或沉积间断所致；XND尽管土壤水与JJD的有相似的特征，但其洞穴滴水平均δ13CDIC之间基本一致且与相应沉积物接近同位素平衡。因此，4个洞穴中，LFD可能是最为适合进行高分辨率和短时间尺度（如季节甚至月份）研究的洞穴。另外，对于文中出现的滴水（上）δ13CDIC偏重于滴水（下）的现象以及土壤中水气平衡的影响因素等还有待今后进一步研究。 4. 研究的4个洞穴系统大气降雨尽管主要受东亚季风控制，但来源不完全一致，还不同程度地受西南夏季风等影响。LFD和QXD受东亚季风影响程度相对高于XND和JJD，西南季风的影响程度恰好相反。 5. 尽管地表蒸发作用对表层（10cm以上）土壤水δ18O有一定的控制作用，但是较深（如10cm以下）土壤水基本不受影响；同位素示踪结果显示，土壤水和洞穴滴水对大气降水均有响应，但响应时间不一，可能与上覆物质（植被、土壤和基岩等）结构构造等控制的水文学特征和有效大气降水量等有关；喀斯特土壤的高度异质性导致土壤水运移机制的不同，从而影响混合作用的过程，最终导致洞穴系统同期土壤水δ18O存在一定差异；雨水在下渗过程中的不同来源水混合作用，是不同类型水δ18O时间上变化幅度不同的主要原因；同一洞穴不同滴水δ18O之间的差异可能与水文学特征不同有关；水化学性质（如SIC）控制沉积物的沉积过程从而影响同位素平衡。 由此可见，利用研究的4个洞穴系统中洞穴次生化学沉积物中氧同位素恢复和重建古降水量的高分辨率短时间变化是可行的。但我们也应注意到，在利用洞穴次生化学沉积物恢复和重建古降水量之前有必要寻找合适的方法（如利用Hendy法则等）判断是否达到同位素平衡。不是所有点沉积物都真实地记录着滴水（大气降水）同位素信号的，尤其在QXD和JJD中，一半左右的滴水点沉积物没有达到同位素平衡。这些均显示出在高分辨率短时间尺度古气候研究中，了解沉积物的形成过程对于准确解译洞穴过去环境变化具有重要意义。

Media coverage of sustainable development issues – attention cycles or punctuated equilibrium?

Over the last two decades there has been a marked change in the way that the public perceives environmental issues and the concepts associated with sustainable development. Few would argue that this has moved into the mainstream of public consciousness. Coverage of sustainability related concepts within the media, as illustrated by a sample of 112 worldwide newspapers, shows a clear upward trajectory. Taking the example of climate change and sustainable development this paper explores this increasing coverage, and arguably awareness of, sustainability concepts and considers parallels with the concepts of punctuated equilibrium and issue-attention cycles.

Iowa Hunting and Trapping Regulations, 2014-2015

This booklet is not a complete set of hunting laws. It contains basic information needed during the hunting and trapping seasons.

Certification of community-based forest enterprises (CFEs): limits of the Brazilian experiences

The Brazilian Amazon is one of the world’s largest tropical forests. It supplies more than 80 % of Brazil’s timber production and makes this nation the second largest producer of tropical wood. The forestry sector is of major importance in terms of economic production and employment creation. However, the Brazilian Amazon is also known for its high deforestation rate and for its rather unsustainably managed timber resources, a fact which puts in the balance the long-term future of the forestry sector in the region. Since the mid- 1990s, with strong support from World Wildlife Fund (WWF), the number of tropical forests certified by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) has significantly increased. This is especially true for projects sponsored by large scale companies. The number of community- based forest management projects has also increased. Certification of community-based forest enterprises (CFEs) was initially a goal for the sponsors and community members. Certification is viewed as a way to reach alternative timber markets. In Brazil, the state of Acre has the highest concentration of CFEs certified by FSC. Most of them have been implemented with the support of environmental NGOs and public funds. Environmental NGOs strongly defend the advantages of certification for communities; however, in reality, this option is not that advantageous. Despite all the efforts, the number of participants in each project remains low. Why is this occurring? In this paper, we analyze the underlying motives of a few individual’s participation in CFEs certification projects. We aim to present and discuss some factors that shape the success of CFEs and their later certification. The results are based on surveys conducted in two certified CFEs in the state of Acre.

Évaluation de la participation des Cris dans la procédure d'évaluation environnementale de la Convention de la Baie James et du Nord Québécois (CBJNQ) /

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Las posibilidades de la evaluación estratégica ambiental integrada: elementos para la reflexión sobre la sostenibilidad urbana en Colombia

En este artículo se presenta una reflexión sobre la forma en que se ha incorporado la noción de sostenibilidad ambiental en el ordenamiento físico urbano en Colombia, una aproximación parcial que ha privilegiado algunos componentes físicos de la estructura ecológica, sin considerar suficientemente las implicaciones de aspectos tales como el suelo urbano, las actuaciones de los servicios públicos, las racionalidades de consumo y el metabolismo de la ciudad, los cuales tienen una mayor incidencia sobre la sostenibilidad urbana. El seguimiento a esta tendencia de incorporar herramientas de planeación ambiental estratégica sirve, en primera instancia, para llevar a cabo una reflexión crítica sobre el ordenamiento físico en nuestro medio, la planeación para el desarrollo urbano sostenible, los modelos de ciudad y la participación ciudadana El artículo se divide en tres partes. En la primera se presentan consideraciones sobre sostenibilidad urbana como el marco de la evaluación estratégica ambiental. En la segunda parte se presenta la Evaluación Estratégica Ambiental (EAE) en la formulación de políticas, programas, planes y proyectos. Finalmente, se hacen algunas consideraciones sobre la necesidad de incorporar la EAE en las agendas de formulación y concertación ambiental de temas estratégicos, políticas y planeamiento urbano en Colombia.---The potential for integrated strategic environmental assessment: food for thought on urban sustainability in ColombiaThis article presents a reflection on how the notion of environmental sustainability in the physical urban system was incorporated in Colombia, a partial approach that has privileged some physical components of the ecological structure, without sufficiently considering the implications of such aspects as urban land, the actions of public services, consumer rationalities and metabolism of the city, which have a greater impact on urban sustainability. Monitoring this trend of incorporating strategic environmental planning tools, served in the first instance to undertake a critical reflection on the physical arrangement in our environment, planning for sustainable urban development, and models of city and citizen participation. The article is divided into three parts. The first presents considerations on urban sustainability as the framework of strategic environmental assessment. In the second part presents the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) in the formulation of policies, programs, plans and projects. Finally, some considerations are made about the need to incorporate the SEA into the agendas of environmental design and coordination of strategic issues, policies and urban planning in Colombia. Key words: Strategic Environmental Assessment (EEA), Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), public policies, environmental assessment, urban sustainability, urban management.---As possibilidades da avaliação estratégica ambiental integrada: Elementos para a reflexão sobre a sustentabilidade urbana na ColômbiaNeste artigo se apresenta uma reflexão sobre a forma em que se tem incorporado a noção de sustentabilidade ambiental no ordenamento físico urbano na Colômbia, uma aproximação parcial que tem privilegiado alguns componentes físicos da estrutura ecológica sem considerar suficientemente as implicações de aspectos tais como o solo urbano, as atuações dos serviços públicos, as racionalidades de consumo e o metabolismo da cidade, os quais têm uma maior incidência sobre a sustentabilidade urbana. O seguimento a esta tendência de incorporar ferramentas de planejamento ambiental estratégica serve, em primeira instância, para levar a cabo uma reflexão crítica sobre o ordenamento físico em nosso meio, o planejamento para o desenvolvimento urbano sustentável, os modelos de cidade e a participação cidadã. O artigo se divide em três partes. Na primeira se apresentam considerações sobre sustentabilidade urbana como o marco da avaliação estratégica ambiental. Na segunda parte se apresenta a Avaliação Estratégica Ambiental (Evaluación Estratégica Ambiental - EAE) na formulação de políticas, programas, planos e projetos. Finalmente, se fazem algumas considerações sobre a necessidade de incorporar a EAE nas agendas de formulação e concerto ambiental de temas estratégicos, políticas y planejamento urbano na Colômbia.Palavras chave: Avaliação Ambiental Estratégica (EAE), Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental (EIA), política pública urbana, sustentabilidade urbana, gestão urbana, gestão ambiental.

Análise do licenciamento ambiental como instrumento de política do meio ambiente no Rio Grande do Norte Período 1992-2003

This analysis on the ambient licensing is based on a research that identifies the fragilities and advances of the application of this instrument of politics of the environment in the ambient politics of the Rio Grande do Norte, in the period of 1992 the 2003. The isolated urban area of Búzios, situated in the City of Nísia Floresta/RN, situated in the eastern coast of the State, where concentrates the boarding of the ambient question as a matter in the Brazilian process of urbanization, over all the institutionalization and implementation of the ambient licensing. They are distinguished in the used methodology in consultation to the diverse involved social segments with the ambient subject in study, the example of the managers, technician and specialists, as well as the application of the legislation and norms techniques, the forms of appropriation of the common wealth and the procedures of ambient licensing of the competent agencies. The results of the research designate that the ambient licensing while instrument of the ambient politics is one of the alternatives more efficient as techniques in the process of sustainable development, since it is beyond the prerogatives to conciliate the activities and enterprises with the conservation of the environmental resources and natural benefits to the societies. In the RN one evidenced progress in the ambient legislation and the instructions techniques, and that the imperfections and limitations in the system of ambient licensing are not directly on to the instruments, but in the implementation of mechanisms of the ambient agencies. This because they do not make use of operational structure to apply in practical and established abilities, as an ambient management, institutional joint and deliberations of the State Counselor for Environment

Participação pública em programas ambientais :um estudo em área suscetível à desertificação no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte

The natural resources degradation and its consequences to the society life have provided several discussions about the evaluation methods and environmental management, and the available means to minimize the effects of man s actions over the environment. Amongst these actions is the encouragement to the community participation in the process of carrying out the environmental programs, considering government and enterprises representatives or residents of certain places as social actors. Within these context, this paper had as a goal the investigation of the public participation in the environmental programs in areas that are susceptible to desertification, specificly in Parelhas/RN. The choice for this town was due to its insertion in an area considered as a desetification nucleous, which is, a region that suffers land degradation as a consequence of climate variations or human activities. Therefore, the research in question, of a descriptive and exploratory type, had as an instrument a structured questionnaire, applied to a sample of 223 people out of an 11,068 over 20 years of age residents population. The data have been tabled from Statistics for Windows Program and later interpreted based on the theoretical reference over the subject. As a result, corroborating to the literature of the area, it was found that the community participation in any type of action or debate about environmental questions is associated to the perception and knowledge about the problems. Although the people who were interviewed believe in the responsibility of the ceramic industry in causing environmental problems, they also believe that the benefits brought by the sector overcome such problems

Anthropogenic influences on Cd, Cr,Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn concentrations in soils and sediments in a watershed with sugar cane crops at São Paulo State, Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Gestão ambiental: um estudo referenciado na A3P em uma secretaria do município de Bauru - SP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Educação ambiental para gestão de bacias hidrográficas: a atuação da Itaipu binacional na bacia Paraná 3 - Estado do Paraná

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Compras públicas ambientalmente sustentáveis em um contexto de green supply chain management: um survey sobre o papel do treinamento ambiental, empowerment dos funcionários e fatores influenciadores externos

Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Produção - FEB

Diagnóstico da qualidade ambiental nas áreas verdes públicas em Presidente Prudente (SP)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)