Manejo y disposición final de los residuos sólidos municipales en la ciudad de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas.

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Ingeniería Ambiental) UANL

Manejo, tratamiento y disposición final de los residuos sólidos generados en Apodaca, Nuevo León, México

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Ingeniería Ambiental) UANL

Diagnóstico del sistema de manejo y disposición final de los residuos sólidos de un hospital del área metropolitana de Monterrey, N.L. por Gabriela Pérez García

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Ingeniería Ambiental) U.A.N.L.

Resposta das plantas e modificações das propriedades do solo pela aplicação de resíduos urbanos

O descarte no solo é uma alternativa viável para reduzir o potencial poluidor de muitos resíduos. Foram avaliados neste trabalho os efeitos da aplicação no solo de composto de lixo e de lodo de esgoto. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos utilizando-se dois solos (Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico nitossólico e Argissolo Vermelho distrófico arênico), sendo o primeiro feito em microparcelas. Os resíduos foram aplicados quatro vezes em dois anos, com a adição total de 117,3 t ha-1 de composto de lixo e 47,0 t ha-1 de lodo de esgoto; num tratamento adicional, com o dobro destas doses, foi feito o enriquecimento do mesmo com metais (Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni e Pb); foram comparados também um tratamento com adubação mineral completa e uma testemunha. Foi avaliado o efeito dos tratamentos sobre o rendimento de plantas de milho e de aveia, na água lixiviada e nas propriedades do solo. No segundo experimento, foi avaliada a atividade microbiana pela liberação de C-CO2, em amostras de solo com adição dos resíduos, incubadas em frascos respirométricos. As adições de composto de lixo e de lodo de esgoto até as quantidades de 117,3 t ha-1 e 47,0 t ha-1, respectivamente, supriram as necessidades de N e parte do P para as culturas de milho (verão) e de aveia (inverno). As adições dos resíduos aumentaram os teores de matéria orgânica e nitrogênio dos solos, a partir da primeira aplicação; aumentos nos teores de cobre e de zinco também foram observados com as aplicações sucessivas dos resíduos, principalmente no caso do lodo de esgoto. Os teores dos metais na água de lixiviação foram menores que os limites estabelecidos para água potável. O enriquecimento dos resíduos com metais aumentou a absorção dos mesmos pelas plantas, os teores totais no solo e os teores de cobre e de zinco no lixiviado, porém, não afetou a atividade microbiana. Nas taxas de aplicação mais altas, a mineralização média dos resíduos foi de 14,5% para o composto de lixo e de 28,7% para o lodo de esgoto, com pequenas variações entre solos, nas menores dose de resíduos foram determinadas as maiores taxas de decomposição, para os dois solos.

Formulação de bloco intertravado cerâmico com adição de resíduos urbanos e industriais

The production of waste from urban and industrial activities is one of the factors of environmental contamination and has aroused attention of the scientific community, in the sense of its reuse. On the other hand, the city of Salvador/Ba, with approximately 262 channels, responsible for storm water runoff, produces every year, by the intervention of cleaning and clearing channels, a significant volume of sediments (dredged mud), and thus an appropriate methodology for their final destination. This study aims to assess the influence of incorporation of these tailings in arrays of clay for production of interlocked block ceramic, also known as ceramic paver. All the raw materials from the metropolitan region of Salvador (RMS) were characterized by x-ray fluorescence, x-ray diffraction, thermal analysis (TG and TDA), particle size analysis and dilatometry. With the use of statistical experimental planning technique, ternary diagram was defined in the study region and the analyzed formulations. The specimens were prepared with dimensions of 60x20x5mm³, by uniaxial pressing of 30 MPa and after sintering at temperatures of 900°, 1000º and 1100ºC the technological properties were evaluated: linear shrinkage, water absorption, apparent porosity, apparent specifies mass, flexural rupture and module. For the uniaxial compression strength used cylindrical probe body with Ø 50 mm. The standard mass (MP) was prepared with 90% by weight of clay and 10% by weight of Channel sediment (SCP), not being verified significant variations in the properties of the final product. With the incorporation of 10% by weight of manganese residue (PFM) and 10% by weight of the Ceramic waste (RCB) in the mass default, in addition to adjusting the plasticity due to less waste clay content, provided increased linear firing shrinkage, due the significant concentration of K2O, forming liquid phase at low temperature, contributing to decreased porosity and mechanical resistance, being 92,5 MPa maximum compressive strength verified. After extract test leachate and soluble, the piece containing 10% of the PFM, was classified as non-hazardous and inert material according to NBR10004/04 ABNT. The results showed the feasibility on using waste, SCP, RCB and PFM clay mass, at temperatures above 900ºC, paver ceramic production, according to the specifications of the technical standards, so that to exceed the 10% of the PFM, it becomes imperative to conduct studies of environmental impacts

Produção de Bipolaris euphorbiae em meios de cultura sólidos e líquidos obtidos de grãos e resíduos agroindustriais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Método de avaliação do gerenciamento de resíduos em canteiro de obras da construção civil : proposta baseada em empresas construtoras da cidade de Natal-RN

According to great concern between the developed industrial activities and resultant impacts over the environment, an association of several factors have occurred, procedures to the efficient management of the rotation between economical development and the environment have been improved. A research in field have been realized inside building sites of companies in order to provide knowledge about the implemented and accomplish actions according to the resolution from CONAMA nº307. Trough the interview among the representations of the companies and photographic survey in loco, such as, what makes the companies implement this management, reutilization and recycling, transport and disposition. The present study had as objective: analyze the insertion of the used tools to residuals management, proposing improvements, in a way that it can be easily identified during the procedures execution in the building sites of the building companies of the city of Natal/RN. To reach the goal, in the first place a revision of the pertinent literature was performed; there for, it can be seen the relation between residues management and environment sustainability, once it happens in a continued way it may prevent the waste and reduces the risk that the activities way bring to the employees, community and environment; once found the great difficult faced with regard to labors, material, equipment, project, planning, costumer s interference, furnisher. And still, it could be verified wich materials generate greater indexes of residues in the works and the main occurrences of waste and loss. However a greater transparency is needed coming from the high administration in the commitment with the continued actions, to make it so, there must be a cultural change inside the company. There for there will be a greater productivity and quality of the under taking such as costumer s satisfaction

Avaliação da eficiência de lagoas de estabilização no tratamento de resíduos esgotados de fossas sépticas

Because of disability in public policy development in mind to attend issues of sanitation in the municipalities, companies known as "clean-blue" appeared proposing to solve a simple collection and management of wastewater produced in single or multifamily residences, commercial, hospitals, etc. In the case of an activity in which there are no worries about the fate of sewage, emerged some doubts about the degree of health and environmental safety in these companies. Traditionally, most of them makes the provision of waste depleted soil or wetland, open, usually located on the outskirts of cities (MENESES, 2001). In turn, the sludge from septic tanks exhausted, provided no technical criteria - in the soil, rivers and as an agricultural fertilizer put in risk the health of the population and environmental quality. This work was entered in the search network 5 of the Notice of the Research Program in Sanitation - PROSAB-5, aimed to study the theme 'Characterization and study of alternative ways of treating sludge from septic tanks in the city of Natal, RN', proposing to evaluate the performance of the use of stabilization ponds as a system to handle waste from septic tanks exhausted. A series of lakes studied belong to one of the largest clean-pit of Natal, consisting of two anaerobic ponds, one facultative and maturation, and a tank disinfection, the wastewater being released in the Potengi River. Samples were collected between the months of October 2007 to October 2008, at six points previously defined and judged as more appropriate to what is proposed study. The analysis results in field and laboratory showed the most significant removal of COD (88.93%), total suspended solids (94.87%), organic nitrogen (66.87%) and thermotolerant coliforms (99.88%). Some results have not reached the expected because the system under study had operating problems that have undermined the efficiency of the reactors

Monitoramento temporal da pluma de contaminação no aterro de resíduos urbanos de Rio Claro (SP) por meio do método geofísico da eletrorresistividade

Several factors have contributed to the increase the world production of urban solid waste, resulting in difficulties to the correct management and the final environmentally appropriate disposal, in addition to causing serious socio-economic, environmental, and public health troubles. The soil and groundwater contamination by leachate in waste disposal sites is almost always present, leveraging the emergence and/or adaptation of methodologies for environmental assessment of these areas. The geophysical methods, especially the electrical resistivity method, are fast, reliable and low-cost alternative for this purpose. This paper reports the methodology adopted for the temporal monitoring of the plume of contamination of controlled landfill in the municipality of Rio Claro (SP). Electrical resistivity data were obtained in 1999 and 2008, by the resistivity method, using the techniques of vertical electrical sounding and electrical profile. In both years, similar tests were carried out in the same locations within the disposal area. The results indicated that the plume of contamination has resistivity values less than or equal to 50 ohm.m and moves guided by 2 flows: the main, to the southeast, and the secondary, to the west. Relatively to the first series of tests in 1999, the plume of contamination was higher and deeper in 2008, contrary to what was expected for a landfill deactivated for at least 10 years.

Comentarios al Capítulo 21 de la Agenda 21 Asuntos relativos al manejo ambientalmente adecuado de los residuos sólidos y de las aguas servidas" = Comments to Chapter 21 of Agenda 21 "Environmentally sound management of solid wastes and sewage-related issues""

Incluye Bibliografía

Catastro global de los principales instrumentos de regulación ambiental aplicados en Chile para el manejo de los residuos sólidos domésticos e industriales

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Gerenciamento de resíduos odontológicos no serviço público e o seu impacto no meio ambiente

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Gerenciamento de resíduos como instrumentos de gestão ambiental em laboratórios de análises e pesquisa da área química. -

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)