Manifestações sistêmicas na doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is progressive and is characterized by abnormal inflammation of the lungs in response to inhalation of noxious particles or toxic gases, especially cigarette smoke. Although this infirmity primarily affects the lungs, diverse extrapulmonary manifestations have been described. The likely mechanisms involved in the local and systemic inflammation seen in this disease include an increase in the number of inflammatory cells (resulting in abnormal production of inflammatory cytokines) and an imbalance between the formation of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant capacity (leading to oxidative stress). Weakened physical condition secondary to airflow limitation can also lead to the development of altered muscle function. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease presents diverse systemic effects including nutritional depletion and musculoskeletal dysfunction (causing a reduction in exercise tolerance), as well as other effects related to the comorbidities generally observed in these patients. These manifestations have been correlated with survival and overall health status in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. In view of these facts, the aim of this review was to discuss findings in the literature related to the systemic manifestations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphasizing the role played by systemic inflammation and evaluating various therapeutic strategies.

Análise da incerteza na representação de classes de cobertura do solo urbano resultantes da aplicação de uma rede neural artificial

The great diversity of materials that characterizes the urban environment determines a structure of mixed classes in a classification of multiespectral images. In that sense, it is important to define an appropriate classification system using a non parametric classifier, that allows incorporating non spectral (such as texture) data to the process. They also allow analyzing the uncertainty associated to each class from the output alues of the network calculated in relation to each class. Considering these properties, an experiment was carried out. This experiment consisted in the application of an Artificial Neural Network aiming at the classification of the urban land cover of Presidente Prudente and the analysis of the uncertainty in the representation of the mapped thematic classes. The results showed that it is possible to discriminate the variations in the urban land cover through the application of an Artificial Neural Network. It was also possible to visualize the spatial variation of the uncertainty in the attribution of classes of urban land cover from the generated representations. The class characterized by a defined pattern as intermediary related to the impermeability of the urban soil presented larger ambiguity degree and, therefore, larger mixture.

Manual de uso do Observatório da Igualdade de Gênero da América Latina e Caribe

Incluye Bibliografía

Um olhar semiótico sobre o processo de indexação: a questão da representação e do referente

The indexing process is determined the subject of the document and its relation with the representation information. To cultivate the interdisciplinary contributions is essential, especially when the relationship allows substantial additions to the area of research. Rehearse some contributions in this article of Semiotics of Charles Sanders Peirce in the field of study of the indexing process, in particular, the notions of representation and referent. It is concluded that the tripartite division of the sign provides basis for to understanding the process of thematic representation, discussing the relationship of the sign with the object and the phenomenon presented, in the indexer sees the documentary language as referent.

́Toma que o filme é teú: Sai de Baixo entre o teleteatro e a sitcom

A program recorded in a theater, with the audience, incorporating all of the improvisations and later televised. That was Sai de Baixo, TV Globos program broadcasted between 1996 and 2002. However, a specific episode limit this article. Toma 0que o filmeéteu, 1998, was made alive. Was it a spasm of the old teleplay Or was it just a common sitcom episode To answer these questions, the paper used a case study, bibliographical and documentary research and concluded that this episode was not a brief return of teleplay, having in mind that the fact of being alive is not a requirement to be teleplay, but there are other criteria.

Estereótipos da mulher no discurso de autoajuda

Building on the foundations of French Discourse Analysis and Social Psychology's developments on the issue of stereotypes, this paper analyzes the images of women available in works of self-help for women. With this purpose in mind, we have especially taken into account aphorizing enunciations present in works of this kind currently circulating in the market. The analysis shows the contradiction inherent to the self-help discourse for women, which proposes to women a pattern of behavior consistent with their emancipation, but, at the same time, contributes to keeping certain female stereotypes associated with their traditional roles.

Representação da morte feminina em L'Orfeo e Il combattimento di tancredi et Clorinda de Claudio Monteverdi

This paper refers to issues related to the harmonic language of Claudio Monteverdi, its harmonic procedures and resulting melodic movements, its use as a dramaturgical resource and its potential allegorical meanings, based on theories and classifications of modes of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. At first, it approaches the matter of the multiple names and meanings of the modes and their potential allegorical references according to different authors. Secondly, it presents the analysis of two examples from his operas that deal with the representation of the death of Euridice and Clorinda (Orfeo & Il combattimento de Tancredi e Clorinda, respectively), correlating their harmonic procedures to the corresponding dramaturgical situations.

Manifestações clínicas, bioquímicas, ultrassonográficas e metabólicas da síndrome dos ovários policísticos em adolescentes

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical, ultrasonographic, biochemical and metabolic alterations of adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS: Retrospective observational study conducted on 44 adolescents aged 12 to 19 years, diagnosed with PCOS according to the Rotterdam Consensus. Metabolic changes were assessed according to the recommendations of the International Diabetes Federation, considering: waist circumference (WC) ≥90th percentile (10-15 years of age) or >80 cm (age >16 years), fasting glucose >100 mg/dL, triglycerides >150 mg/dL, HDL <40 mg/dL, and blood pressure ≥Hg 130/85 mm. RESULTS: Mean age was 16.7±2.2 years and age at menarche was 11.8±1.4 years. The menstrual irregularity most frequently observed was amenorrhea (72.7%) followed by oligomenorrhea (27.3%); hirsutism was observed in 86.4% and acne in 56.8%. Polycystic ovaries were observed by ultrasound only in 27.3%. Mean BMI was 30.3±6.6 kg/m2. According to BMI, 52.3% of adolescents were obese, 13.6% were overweight and 6.8% had a healthy weight. Increased waist circumference (63.6%, 28/44) and the reduction of HDL-C (34.1%, 15/44) were the metabolic changes most frequently observed. Increased triglycerides were observed in 27.3% (12/44) and increased blood pressure and impaired fasting glucose were found in 9.1% (4/44) and 4.5% (2/44) of cases, respectively. Acanthosis nigricans was observed in 52.3% and insulin resistance in 62.8% of the adolescents with PCOS. Metabolic syndrome was identified in six children (13.6%), all of them obese or overweight. CONCLUSION: In the adolescents with PCOS studied here, menstrual irregularity and hirsutism were the most common clinical manifestations, while the sonographic findings consistent with polycystic ovaries were less prevalent. Obesity associated with insulin resistance predisposes these adolescents to a higher frequency of metabolic disorders.

Dermatologia ambiental: Manifestações dermatológicas de acidentes por animais aquáticos (invertebrados)

Contact between humans and coastal areas has increased in recent decades, which has led to an increase in injuries from aquatic animals. The majority of these present dermatological manifestations, and some of them show typical lesions. The highest percentages of injuries that occur in marine environments are associated with invertebrates such as sea urchins, jellyfish and Portuguese men-of-war (echinoderms and cnidarians). In this review, we discuss the clinical, therapeutic and preventive aspects of injuries caused by marine and freshwater invertebrates, focusing on first aid measures and diagnosis for dermatologists and professionals in coastal areas. © 2013 by Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia.

Informe da Décima Primeira Conferência Regional sobre a Mulher da América Latina e do Caribe

Versión en español e inglés disponible en la Biblioteca

Que tipo de estado? que tipo de igualdade? XI Conferencia Regional sobre a Mulher da América Latina e do Caribe: Brasília, 13 a 16 de julho de 2010. Síntese

No documento Que tipo de Estado? Que tipo de igualdade? analisa-se o progresso da igualdade de gênero na Região depois de 15 anos da aprovação da Plataforma de Ação de Beijing, 10 anos da formulação dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento do Milênio e 3 anos da adoção do Consenso de Quito, na décima Conferência Regional sobre a Mulher da América Latina e do Caribe realizada em 2007. Examinam-se, além disso, as conquistas e desafios que enfrentam os governos à luz da interação entre o Estado, o mercado e as famílias como instituições sociais construídas a partir de políticas, leis, usos e costumes que, em conjunto, estabelecem as condições para renovar ou perpetuar as hierarquias sociais e de gênero.

A contribuição das mulheres para a igualdade na América Latina e no Caribe

Incluye Bibliografía

Que tipo de Estado? que tipo de igualdade?: Conferência Regional sobre a Mulher da América Latina e do Caribe: Brasilia, 13 al 16 de julio de 2010

No documento Que tipo de Estado? Que tipo de igualdade? analisa-se o progresso da igualdade de gênero na Região depois de 15 anos da aprovação da Plataforma de Ação de Beijing, 10 anos da formulação dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento do Milênio e 3 anos da adoção do Consenso de Quito, na décima Conferência Regional sobre a Mulher da América Latina e do Caribe realizada em 2007. Examinam-se, além disso, as conquistas e desafios que enfrentam os governos à luz da interação entre o Estado, o mercado e as famílias como instituições sociais construídas a partir de políticas, leis, usos e costumes que, em conjunto, estabelecem as condições para renovar ou perpetuar as hierarquias sociais e de gênero.

A leitura e a produção de textos: desempenhos de alunos do ensino fundamental e as manifestações de seus professores

Pós-graduação em Educação - IBRC