Histomorphometric evaluation of a threaded, sandblasted, acid-etched implant retrieved from a human lower jaw: A case report

The purpose of this study was to histomorphometrically evaluate the bone-to-implant contact and bone area around a titanium implant retrieved from a human lower jaw. A screw-shaped titanium implant (sandblasted and acid-etched surface) was removed from a 68-year-old male after having been in function for 40 months because of a fracture of the abutment screw. Following the implant removal, an undecalcified section was obtained. The histomorphometric analysis showed a rate of 75.40% of bone-to-implant contact and 89.30% of bone area filling within the limits of the implant threads. The surrounding bone healed in a well-organized pattern and could not be differentiated from the anginal alveolus. The histologic evidence showed a high degree of osseointegration in a threaded, sandblasted, and acid-etched implant retrieved from a human lower jaw after functional loading for 40 months. Copyright © 2005 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Genetic variation in growth traits and yield of rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) growing in the Brazilian state of São Paulo

Analysis of variance and covariance was preformed on growth traits (stem girth, bark thickness, total height gain and rubber yield) of 22 open-pollinated progenies of the rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis from an Asian Hevea collection introduced to Agronomic Institute (Instituto Agronômico, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; IAC) in 1952. This progeny trial was replicated at three sites in São Paulo state and it was found that at three years from sowing there was statistically significant variation for girth, bark thickness, height and rubber yield. An individual test sites, values of individual plant heritability for girth ranged from ĥ i 2 = 0.36 to ĥ i 2 = 0.89 whereas values for heritability for progeny means ranged from ĥ i 2 = 0.77 to ĥ i 2 = 0.87. These moderate and high heritabilities suggest that a combination of progeny and within-progeny selection would be effective at increasing girth in this population at individual sites. Across sites, values of individual-plant heritability for girth ranged from ĥ i 2 = 0.36 to ĥ i 2 = 0.47, whereas values for heritability of progeny means girth ranged from ĥ x̄ 2 = 0.77 to ĥ x̄ 2 = 0.87. There were high positive genetic correlations between increased girth and bark thickness suggesting that breeding aimed at increasing girth would also increase bark thickness and possibly height. Copyright by the Brazilian Society of Genetics.

Foraging activity and demographic patterns of two termite species (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) living in urban landscapes in southeastern Brazil

Coptotermes gestroi and Heterotermes tenuis (Isoptera: Rbinotermitidae) are important pests in southeastern Brazil causing serious economic damage. In this study we determined the demographic patterns and foraging activity of these species using mark-release-recapture and the consumption of wooden stakes. Using both the weighted mean and Lincoln index methods, population estimates ranged from ≈ 0.57 to 1.99 million individuals for C. gestroi and from ≈ 0.20 to 1.37 million for H. tenuis. Territory size of the colonies ranged from 172.5 to 5235 m 2 for C. gestroi and from 16 to 40 m 2 for H. tenuis. Our results also indicate that foraging activity was dependent on the minimum temperature; however, the existence of a compensation strategy in the foraging activities may permit foragers to exploit food sources under different environmental conditions.

Natural infection by Paramphistomoidea Stiles and Goldberger, 1910 trematodes in wild Marsh Deer (Blastocerus dichotomus Illiger, 1815) from Sérgio Mottas's hydroelectric power station flooding area.

Studies on helminthfauna of marsh deer Blastocerus dichotomus Illiger, 1815 are rare, although helminthic diseases are an important cause of mortality in these animals. Fifteen male and female adult marsh deer from Sergio Motta's hydroelectric power station flooding area at Paraná River which died during the capture and quarantine procedures, between 1998 and 1999, were necropsied. Three trematodes species, Paramphistomum cervi, Balanorchis anastrofus and Zygocotyle lunatum, all belonging to superfamily Paramphistomoidea, were identified. The obtained trematodes were identified, counted and their respectives descriptors of infection were determined. All necropsied animals were infected by helminths. Paramphistomum cervi was the most prevalent species, while Zygocotyle lunatum was found in only one animal.

Genotoxicity in primary human peripheral lymphocytes after exposure to regular and white mineral trioxide aggregate

Objective: Taking into consideration that DNA damage plays an important role in carcinogenesis, the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether regular and white mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) are able to induce genetic damage in primary human cells. Study design: Human peripheral lymphocytes obtained from 10 healthy volunteers were exposed to 2 presentation forms of MTA at final concentrations ranging from 1 to 1000 μg/mL for 1 hour at 37°C. The negative control group was treated with vehicle control (phosphate buffer solution, PBS) for 1 hour at 37°C and the positive control group was treated with hydrogen peroxide (at 100 μM) for 5 minutes on ice. Results were analyzed by the Friedman nonparametric test. Results: The results pointed out that either regular or white MTA in all concentrations tested did not induce DNA breakage in human peripheral lymphocytes as depicted by the mean tail moment. Conclusion: In summary, our results indicate that exposure to MTA may not be a factor that increases the level of DNA lesions in human peripheral lymphocytes as detected by single cell gel (comet) assay. © 2006 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Um estudo sobre o osu do modelo de cor RGB no proceso de correspondência por correlação

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Prevalencia de maloclusión en la dentición primaria en el municipio de Cáceres, Brasil

Objective: To evaluate the occlusal condition of children with 5 years of age examined by the Brazil Oral Health 2003 Project in Cáceres city, Brazil. Material and Methods: The sample consisted of 170 preschool children raffled from 20 schools participant of the project. For the analysis of the occlusal it was used the 1987' World Health Organization index, modified by the Public Health School of São Paulo University, Brazil, in 1996, which establish criteria according to severity of malocclusion. Results: It was observed that 65.3 % of children presented normal occlusion, 31.18 % presented light occlusal problems and 2.35 % showed moderate/severe. Conclusion: Due to the large presence of malocclusion, it is necessary this kind of survey, so that the city can plan and perform preventive orthodontic treatments, besides other preventive proceeding, to obtain a proper oral environment for the normal evolution of occlusion. © 2008 1995, Editorial Ciencias médicas.

Comparative study of the clinical and anti-microbial efficacy of tongue cleaners

Candida species have frequently been isolated from the oral cavities of a variety of patients, such as elderly people, dentures users, immunocompromised and health patients. Yeasts may be associated with immune response and local factors such as poor oral hygiene. It was evaluated effectiveness of tongue cleaner showing which types would be preferred by patients, changes in tongue coating and in saliva yeasts counting. Thirty patients were selected and randomly distributed into three groups. This crossover blind study evaluated the effect of tongue cleaning using: a plastic and a steel tongue scraper and a nylon soft-bristle toothbrush. All patients were instructed to use the cleaners twice a day for one week (fifteen-day wash-out period). Saliva and tongue coating samples were collected from each patient from each test period, the yeasts were counted by colony forming units per mL (CFU/ mL) and the species were identified. The patients were questioned about cleaner preference. An increase in the percentage of patients with no tongue coating after scraping was observed. A reduction in the mean number of Candida species in tongue coating was observed only after nylon soft-bristle toothbrush cleaner. Candida albicans was the prevalent species. Volunteers preferred to the steel tongue scraper (60%). Tongue cleaners reduced the tongue coating and the mean number of saliva's yeasts. Degree of tongue coating favors the Candida species colonization.

Support on the remote interaction for augmented reality system

This article presents a support on the remote interaction for utilization in augmented reality systems based on ARToolkit. It utilizes the multicast communication in order to improve the scalability of distributed environment. This support may be utilized in production of specific applications pointed to distance education, training and entertainment. The validity of support happened with the implementation of a prototype and realization of tests for communication latency analysis and frames per second rate. © 2007 IEEE.

La influencia de factores sistémicos en el uso de las prótesis totales

According to the possible influence of systemic diseases and of drugs used for its treatment in buccal cavity, the aim of present study is to carry out a review of literature on this topic, emphasizing on influence of these factors on use of the total prostheses (PTs), allowing to surgeon-dentist a better scientific knowledge to creation of this type of rehabilitation treatment.

Burning mouth syndrome: A discussion about possible etiological factors and treatment modalities

Although several studies discuss the contributing factors associated with the burning mouth syndrome (BMS), there is still controversy with regard to its etiology. Therefore, in the majority of cases, the establishment of an adequate diagnosis and consequently the best treatment modality is complicated. In order to assist the clinician in the establishment of the correct diagnosis and management of BMS, this article reviews the literature, providing a discussion on the various etiologic factors involved in BMS, as well as the best treatment modalities for this condition that have showed to be the most effective ones in randomized clinical trials. In addition, the authors discuss some clinical characteristics in the differential diagnosis of BMS and other oral diseases. It is important for the clinician to understand that BMS should be diagnosed only after all other possible causes for the symptoms have been ruled out.

Highlights from the I international symposium of thrombosis and anticoagulation in internal medicine, October 23-25, 2008, Sao Paulo, Brazil

The importance of thrombosis and anticoagulation in clinical practice is rooted firmly in several fundamental constructs that can be applied both broadly and globally. Awareness and the appropriate use of anticoagulant therapy remain the keys to prevention and treatment. However, to assure maximal efficacy and safety, the clinician must, according to the available evidence, choose the right drug, at the right dose, for the right patient, under the right indication, and for the right duration of time. The first International Symposium of Thrombosis and Anticoagulation in Internal Medicine was a scientific program developed by clinicians for clinicians. The primary objective of the meeting was to educate, motivate and inspire internists, cardiologists and hematologists by convening national and international visionaries, thought-leaders and dedicated clinician-scientists in Sao Paulo, Brazil. This article is a focused summary of the symposium proceedings. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009.

Percepción del cirujano-dentista respecto del uso del consentimiento informado en el tratamiento odontológico

The objective of this study was to evaluate: the profile of the surgeon-dentist that undergoes a course in specialization at the Odontology Faculty of Aracatuba/UNESP, Brazil; if they requested informed consent from the patient and/or their legal representative before the realization of procedures, and if the treatment was decided upon with the patient. It was elaborated, validated and applied in questionnaire form, and the data obtained was analyzed by the program EPI-INFO 3.3 The conclusion was, given that surgeon-dentists still do not obtain any type of document before beginning treatment, a large percentage of them are totally vulnerable if submitted to ethical or legal prosecution and that it is necessary to be aware of this aspect.

Development of a prototype for measuring plantar forces

Studies on the distribution of plantar pressure between the sole of the foot and the ground were developed before the 19th century. Currently, the most often employed plantar pressure measurement systems are Pedar® and FScan®, which have restrictions such as operational difficulty and high cost. In the present study, a device was constructed from two pressure plates capable of measuring plantar forces in discreet areas of the feet at a low cost, using strain-gages attached to sixteen strategic points of the mechanical elements. Sixteen prismatic beams were soldered to each frame, for which the free extremity of each beam represented a specific point of the foot. Two strain gauges were attached to each beam - one near the upper fixed extremity and the other near the lower fixed extremity. Using a Wheatstone bridge electric circuit, the gauges were used to measure the force acting on the extremity of the beam. Precision and accuracy of the prototype was about 10%. In some measurements, accuracy was 2%. The low precision and accuracy were mainly due to the restrictions of the available equipment, which only permitted four measurements at a time. Thus, it was necessary for participants to stand on the plates four separate times, which signified possible changes in the position of the feet on the pressure plates. Despite some limitations, the aim was achieved. The prototype has been used in some studies and represents a contribution to biomechanics, demonstrating the viability of using strain gauges.

Laboratory assessment of two active ingredients for control of coptotemes gestroi (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

The subterranean termite Coptotermes gestroi Wasmann (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) is a pest of major economic importance in urban environments of southeastern Brazil. Compared to using pesticides for termite control, termite bait products target termites more specifically and also address environmental contamination issues. In this point of view, we performed two different bioassays in order to evaluate the efficacy of boric acid and fipronil against different populations of C. gestroi. The results showed that concentrations between 2000 and 3000 ppm of boric acid caused approximately 100 percent mortality in termites. Concentrations between 0.01 and 0.0001 ppm of fipronil resulted in 100% termite mortality after 2 wk exposure. The data displayed a fast mortality of termites contaminated with fipronil, even with small concentrations, and therefore it is not a suitable product to be used in baits against C. gestroi. The present study showed a delayed toxicity of boric acid against the subterranean termite C. gestroi which suggests a need for further field tests.