Educandas do PEJA em: conversas sobre a língua inglesa e sua influência no cotidiano

Este trabalho foi desenvolvido a partir de eventos de letramento em língua inglesa a educandos de EJA do projeto de extensão PEJA, UNESP – Rio Claro. Os sujeitos participantes foram mulheres, na faixa etária entre 40 a 70 anos, que não tiveram oportunidade de estudo anteriormente e agora buscam concluir o Ensino Fundamental. Pensamos buscar nas falas dessas educandas, por meio de eventos de letramento, suas reflexões sobre a presença do inglês em nossa sociedade e como lidam com essa língua estrangeira (LE) cotidianamente. Entendemos letramento como uma forma de prática social de leitura e escrita, resultante do processo de ensino/aprendizado de um grupo social ou individual. Os eventos de letramento vêm proporcionar aos indivíduos participantes da pesquisa um aculturamento, um contato inicial e gradual com uma LE. Pretendeu-se otimizar esse contato com a língua inglesa expondo esses indivíduos a situações cotidianas em que o uso dessa LE estivesse presente. Levamos para a sala de aula elementos normalmente encontrados no cotidiano, material que consistiu em fotos de materiais publicitários encontrados nas ruas centrais da cidade e que continham essa LE, na tentativa de fomentar um diálogo e discussão de idéias. Objetivou-se motivar esses alunos de EJA a observarem o quanto a língua Inglesa está presente em nosso dia a dia, estimulando o desenvolvimento de uma leitura crítica e reflexiva. Ao final do trabalho percebemos que a maioria das educandas reconhece a constante presença da LE em questão e que, ainda que não tenham tido ensino formal nessa LE, estabelecem algum tipo de relação com tal LE em diversas esferas de suas vidas. E, muitas vezes, entendem o significado de uma palavra estrangeira devido à preferência dos falantes em utilizá-la em detrimento à língua materna, o que indica um processo de naturalização do inglês no mundo lexical dos brasileiros.

Population Structure and Pathotype Diversity of the Wheat Blast Pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae 25 Years After Its Emergence in Brazil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

New records of the Rufous-faced Crake, Laterallus xenopterus (Gruiformes: Rallidae) in Brazil and observations about its habitat

New records of the Rufous-faced Crake, Laterallus xenopterus (Gruiformes: Rallidae) in Brazil and observations about its habitat. The Rufous-faced Crake, Laterallus xenopterus, is a bird that is rarely spotted at Paraguay, central Brazil, and central Bolivia. There are known species records at the Brazilian states of Distrito Federal, Sao Paulo, and Minas Gerais. Here, we provide information about new areas of occurrence for this species in Brazil and detailed observations of its habitats. In October 2012, two individuals were registered in the municipality of Cristalina, state of Goias. In December 2012, the species was found in a new locality of Distrito Federal and at the municipality of Patrocinio, Minas Gerais. In February 2013, a new record for this species was obtained in the municipality of Itiquira, Mato Grosso. In all occasions, the bird was spotted in humid environments, which were characterized by the presence of grass and a thin water layer.

Comunicação, cultura e linguagem

Os artigos apresentados neste volume da coleção “Desafios Contemporâneos” têm como objetivo refletir sobre os problemas atuais que marcam o diálogo com o campo acadêmico e científico da Comunicação. Os 18 artigos reunidos aqui contemplam a área de Comunicação e envolvem diferentes linhas de pesquisa. A iniciativa teve como fim expor não apenas as discussões gerais sobre o campo, mas também a experiência singular e atuante dos pesquisadores da Unesp dedicados ao estudo da Comunicação. Três eixos nortearam a organização dos artigos. O primeiro, “Múltiplas formas de linguagem e produção de sentido”, reúne textos que investigam o campo da produção, da circulação e do funcionamento e das estruturas da linguagem nas diversas mídias e nas suas tipologias textuais. “Políticas e estratégias da Comunicação” trata dos processos e fluxos de comunicação no mundo atual e sua relação com a política na sociedade. Já o terceiro eixo, “Relações socioculturais e suas manifestações na esfera da indústria cultural e das mídias digitais”, analisa as dimensões dos processos, da difusão e da recepção dos produtos midiáticos em sua relação sociocultural. Entre os temas abordados estão a comparação entre as linguagens jornalística e publicitária, a censura judicial à liberdade de imprensa, o desafio teórico-metodológico na aplicação da antropologia interpretativa ao campo da comunicação, conjunturas e desafios da educação superior em comunicação no Brasil, a focalização da vida operária no cinema de Leon Hirszman pelo filme Eles não usam black-tie, entre outros.

Perfil e avaliação dos participantes de um curso de formação continuada em práticas educacionais inclusivas na modalidade a distância

This article analyses aspects related to a continuing education course about Inclusive and Special Education in the area of Mental Disabilities offered to 20 (twenty) groups of teachers by the Ministry of Education. The Distance Course was offered in different regions of Brazil with a 180 (a hundred and eighty) hours workload. The research included the profi le of the participants, an evaluation of the course by the participants and the analysis of the dropout causes. The aspects of the course under evaluation received a positive evaluation by most of the participants. The most frequent reason for the dropout rates include participants’ limitations in terms of meeting deadlines, personal reasons and diffi culties in using computers. It was concluded that Distance Education seems to be a relevant tool for the acquisition of knowledge about inclusive practice.

Cursos de licenciatura na área de ciências: a temática inclusão escolar de alunos com necessidades educacionais especiais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Doppervelocimetria da artéria oftálmica em gestantes pré-eclâmpticas com recém-nascidos portadores de restrição de crescimento

Pós-graduação em Ginecologia, Obstetrícia e Mastologia - FMB

Doppervelocimetria da artéria oftálmica em gestantes pré-eclâmpticas com recém-nascidos portadores de restrição de crescimento

Pós-graduação em Ginecologia, Obstetrícia e Mastologia - FMB

Review of the genus Microphilypnus Myers, 1927 (Teleostei: Gobioidei: Eleotridae) from the lower Amazon basin, with description of one new species

Microphilypnus Myers, 1927 is a genus with three nominal species (M. amazonicus and M. macrostoma from the lower Amazon basin, and M. ternetzi from Orinoco), and is among the most poorly studied groups of Neotropical fishes. In this paper, M. ternetzi and M. macrostoma are redescribed and validated and M. amazonicus is regarded as synonym of M. ternetzi. Also, a new species, M. acangaquara, is described from the lower Amazon.

Characterization of Bean Necrotic Mosaic Virus: A Member of a Novel Evolutionary Lineage within the Genus Tospovirus

Background: Tospoviruses (Genus Tospovirus, Family Bunyaviridae) are phytopathogens responsible for significant worldwide crop losses. They have a tripartite negative and ambisense RNA genome segments, termed S (Small), M (Medium) and L (Large) RNA. The vector-transmission is mediated by thrips in a circulative-propagative manner. For new tospovirus species acceptance, several analyses are needed, e. g., the determination of the viral protein sequences for enlightenment of their evolutionary history. Methodology/Principal Findings: Biological (host range and symptomatology), serological, and molecular (S and M RNA sequencing and evolutionary studies) experiments were performed to characterize and differentiate a new tospovirus species, Bean necrotic mosaic virus (BeNMV), which naturally infects common beans in Brazil. Based upon the results, BeNMV can be classified as a novel species and, together with Soybean vein necrosis-associated virus (SVNaV), they represent members of a new evolutionary lineage within the genus Tospovirus. Conclusion/Significances: Taken together, these evidences suggest that two divergent lineages of tospoviruses are circulating in the American continent and, based on the main clades diversity (American and Eurasian lineages), new tospovirus species related to the BeNMV-SVNaV clade remain to be discovered. This possible greater diversity of tospoviruses may be reflected in a higher number of crops as natural hosts, increasing the economic impact on agriculture. This idea also is supported since BeNMV and SVNaV were discovered naturally infecting atypical hosts (common bean and soybean, respectively), indicating, in this case, a preference for leguminous species. Further studies, for instance a survey focusing on crops, specifically of leguminous plants, may reveal a greater tospovirus diversity not only in the Americas (where both viruses were reported), but throughout the world.

Relação entre violência física, consumo de álcool e outras drogas e bullying entre adolescentes escolares brasileiros

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a associação entre o consumo de álcool e outras drogas e o bullying com o envolvimento em situações de violência física entre adolescentes de 13 a 15 anos, em escolas públicas e privadas das capitais brasileiras e do Distrito Federal. Foram analisados os dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE) de 2009. Para análise dos dados foi utilizada a regressão logística. A prevalência de envolvimento em situações de violência física foi 12,9% maior no sexo masculino. Em ambos os sexos, foram observadas associações entre violência física e ser vítima de bullying com o uso de drogas ilícitas e efeito potencializado do consumo de álcool e drogas. Para o sexo masculino, o uso de álcool mostrou associação significante com violência física. Morar o pai ou ambos os genitores na residência apresentou associação inversa para violência física no sexo feminino. O conhecimento de fatores associados à violência física entre adolescentes é importante para auxiliar estratégias de promoção da saúde e da cultura de paz, rompendo com a ideia de que a violência entre adolescentes é algo banal e esperado.

Murine Dendritic Cells Transcriptional Modulation upon Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Infection

Limited information is available regarding the modulation of genes involved in the innate host response to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, the etiologic agent of paracoccidioidomycosis. Therefore, we sought to characterize, for the first time, the transcriptional profile of murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) at an early stage following their initial interaction with P. brasiliensis. DCs connect innate and adaptive immunity by recognizing invading pathogens and determining the type of effector T-cell that mediates an immune response. Gene expression profiles were analyzed using microarray and validated using real-time RT-PCR and protein secretion studies. A total of 299 genes were differentially expressed, many of which are involved in immunity, signal transduction, transcription and apoptosis. Genes encoding the cytokines IL-12 and TNF-alpha, along with the chemokines CCL22, CCL27 and CXCL10, were up-regulated, suggesting that P. brasiliensis induces a potent proinflammatory response in DCs. In contrast, pattern recognition receptor (PRR)-encoding genes, particularly those related to Toll-like receptors, were down-regulated or unchanged. This result prompted us to evaluate the expression profiles of dectin-1 and mannose receptor, two other important fungal PRRs that were not included in the microarray target cDNA sequences. Unlike the mannose receptor, the dectin-1 receptor gene was significantly induced, suggesting that this beta-glucan receptor participates in the recognition of P. brasiliensis. We also used a receptor inhibition assay to evaluate the roles of these receptors in coordinating the expression of several immune-related genes in DCs upon fungal exposure. Altogether, our results provide an initial characterization of early host responses to P. brasiliensis and a basis for better understanding the infectious process of this important neglected pathogen.

Diastolic function parameters are improved by the addition of simvastatin to enalapril-based treatment in hypertensive individuals

Objective: Diastolic dysfunction (DD) is a frequent condition in hypertensive patients whose presence increases mortality and whose treatment remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate in a prospective, double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized design the additive effect of simvastatin on DD in enalapril-treated hypertensive patients with average cholesterol levels. Methods: Hypertensive patients with DD and LDL-cholesterol <160 mg/dL underwent a run-in phase to achieve a systolic blood pressure (SBP) <135 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) <85 mmHg with enalapril. Hydrochlorothiazide was added when need to achieve blood pressure control. Four weeks after reaching the optimum anti-hypertensive regimen patients were randomized to receive 80 mg simvastatin (n = 27) or placebo (n = 28) for a period of 20 weeks. Echocardiograms were performed before and after treatment with measurement of maximum left atrial volume (LAV), conventional and tissue Doppler velocities in early diastole (E, e') and late diastole (A, a'). Results: After 20 weeks, the simvastatin group presented reduction in SBP (-4 +/- 2 mmHg, p = 0.02), increase in E/A ratio (1.0 +/- 0.05 to 1.2 +/- 0.06, p = 0.03) and decrease of LAV indexed to body surface area (24.5 +/- 0.9 to 21.1 +/- 0.8 ml/m(2), p = 0.048), as compared with placebo arm. No change in systolic function and no correlation between the E/A ratio, LAV and changes in blood pressure or lipid profile were observed. Conclusions: The addition of simvastatin to enalapril in hypertensive patients with average cholesterol levels improves parameters of diastolic function independently of changes in blood pressure or cholesterol. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Free Rhodium (II) citrate and rhodium (II) citrate magnetic carriers as potential strategies for breast cancer therapy

Abstract Background Rhodium (II) citrate (Rh2(H2cit)4) has significant antitumor, cytotoxic, and cytostatic activity on Ehrlich ascite tumor. Although toxic to normal cells, its lower toxicity when compared to carboxylate analogues of rhodium (II) indicates Rh2(H2cit)4 as a promising agent for chemotherapy. Nevertheless, few studies have been performed to explore this potential. Superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide (SPIOs) represent an attractive platform as carriers in drug delivery systems (DDS) because they can present greater specificity to tumor cells than normal cells. Thus, the association between Rh2(H2cit)4 and SPIOs can represent a strategy to enhance the former's therapeutic action. In this work, we report the cytotoxicity of free rhodium (II) citrate (Rh2(H2cit)4) and rhodium (II) citrate-loaded maghemite nanoparticles or magnetoliposomes, used as drug delivery systems, on both normal and carcinoma breast cell cultures. Results Treatment with free Rh2(H2cit)4 induced cytotoxicity that was dependent on dose, time, and cell line. The IC50 values showed that this effect was more intense on breast normal cells (MCF-10A) than on breast carcinoma cells (MCF-7 and 4T1). However, the treatment with 50 μM Rh2(H2cit)4-loaded maghemite nanoparticles (Magh-Rh2(H2cit)4) and Rh2(H2cit)4-loaded magnetoliposomes (Lip-Magh-Rh2(H2cit)4) induced a higher cytotoxicity on MCF-7 and 4T1 than on MCF-10A (p < 0.05). These treatments enhanced cytotoxicity up to 4.6 times. These cytotoxic effects, induced by free Rh2(H2cit)4, were evidenced by morphological alterations such as nuclear fragmentation, membrane blebbing and phosphatidylserine exposure, reduction of actin filaments, mitochondrial condensation and an increase in number of vacuoles, suggesting that Rh2(H2cit)4 induces cell death by apoptosis. Conclusions The treatment with rhodium (II) citrate-loaded maghemite nanoparticles and magnetoliposomes induced more specific cytotoxicity on breast carcinoma cells than on breast normal cells, which is the opposite of the results observed with free Rh2(H2cit)4 treatment. Thus, magnetic nanoparticles represent an attractive platform as carriers in Rh2(H2cit)4 delivery systems, since they can act preferentially in tumor cells. Therefore, these nanopaticulate systems may be explored as a potential tool for chemotherapy drug development.

In adults: 47.2% have periodontitis! How about in orthodontic patients?

The occurrence of chronic inflammatory periodontal disease due to dental plaque in adults over 30 years of age was noticed in 47.2% of the 3,742 subjects studied, representing a 64.7 million people population in the 50 states of the U.S. and the District of Columbia. The methods used by the authors were uniquely precise and the results brought us to great insight on the correlation between orthodontic treatment and periodontal health, which is described below.