Cinquante ans d'histoire : L' Alliance Israélite Universelle (1860 - 1910)

par N. Leven

Divrê šālôm we-emet=Worte des Friedens und der Wahrheit : Ansprache des israelitischen Gemeindevorstandes zu Offenbach am Main an seine Gemeindeglieder über dessen Anordnungen und Einrichtungen seit 1821 bis auf die Gegenwart

[Vorr.: Guggenheim]

The jews of Baltimore : an historical summary of their progress and status as citizens of Baltimore from early days to the year 1910

by Isidor Blum. With special contrib. by William Rosenau ...

Stammbaum der Familie Feuchtwanger : 1786-1910

[Verf.: Felix Feuchtwanger]

La poésie lyrique hébra͏̈ique contemporaine : (1882 - 1910)

par Nahum Slousch

North Atlantic Eddy-Driven Jet in interglacial and glacial winter climates

The atmospheric westerly flow in the North Atlantic (NA) sector is dominated by atmospheric waves or eddies generating via momentum flux convergence, the so-called eddy-driven jet. The position of this jet is variable and shows for the present-day winter climate three preferred latitudinal states: a northern, central, and southernposition in the NA. Here, the authors analyze the behavior of the eddy-driven jet under different glacial and interglacial boundary conditions using atmosphere–land-only simulations with the CCSM4 climate model. As state-of-the-art climate models tend to underestimate the trimodality of the jet latitude, the authors apply a bias correction and successfully extract the trimodal behavior of the jet within CCSM4. The analysis shows that during interglacial times (i.e., the early Holocene and the Eemian) the preferred jet positions are rather stable and the observed multimodality is the typical interglacial character of the jet. During glacial times, the jet is strongly enhanced, its position is shifted southward, and the trimodal behavior vanishes. This is mainly due to the presence of the Laurentide ice sheet (LIS). The LIS enhances stationary waves downstream, thereby accelerating and displacing the NA eddy-driven jet by anomalous stationary momentum flux convergence. Additionally, changes in the transient eddy activity caused by topography changes as well as other glacial boundary conditions lead to an acceleration of the westerly winds over the southern NA at the expenseof more northernareas. Consequently, bothstationaryand transient eddiesfoster the southward shift of the NA eddy-driven jet during glacial winter times.