Filtros UV na água de abastecimento público na região da bacia hidrográfica tietê-jacaré: desenvolvimento de método, estudo de ocorrência e concentrações ambientais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeitos da exposição prolongada ao bisfenol-A sobre a próstata de gerbilos adultos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Antidepressants for anorexia nervosa

Background Anorexia Nervosa ( AN) is an illness characterised by extreme concern about body weight and shape, severe self-imposed weight loss, and endocrine dysfunction. In spite of its high mortality, morbidity and chronicity, there are few intervention studies on the subject.Objectives The aim of this review was to evaluate the efficacy and acceptability of antidepressant drugs in the treatment of acute AN.Search strategy The strategy comprised of database searches of the Cochrane Collaboration Depression, Anxiety and Neurosis Controlled Trials Register, MEDLINE (1966 to April 28th, 2005), EMBASE (1980 to week 36, 2004), PsycINFO (1969 to August week 5, 2004), handsearching the International Journal of Eating Disorders and searching the reference lists of all papers selected. Personal letters were sent to researchers in the field requesting information on unpublished or in-progress trials.Selection criteria All randomised controlled trials of antidepressant treatment for AN patients, as de fined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, fourth edition (DSM-IV) or similar international criteria, were selected.Data collection and analysis Quality ratings were made giving consideration to the strong relationship between allocation concealment and potential for bias in the results; studies meeting criteria A and B were included. Trials were excluded if non-completion rates were above 50%. The standardised mean difference and relative risk were used for continuous data and dichotomous data comparisons, respectively. Whenever possible, analyses were performed according to intention- to-treat principles. Heterogeneity was tested with the I-squared statistic. Weight change was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were severity of eating disorder, depression and anxiety symptoms, and global clinical state. Acceptability of treatment was evaluated by considering non-completion rates.Main results Only seven studies were included. Major methodological limitations such as small trial size and large confidence intervals decreased the power of the studies to detect differences between treatments, and meta-analysis of data was not possible for the majority of outcomes. Four placebo-controlled trials did not find evidence that antidepressants improved weight gain, eating disorder or associated psychopathology. Isolated findings, favouring amineptine and nortriptyline, emerged from the antidepressant versus antidepressant comparisons, but cannot be conceived as evidence of efficacy of a specific drug or class of antidepressant in light of the findings from the placebo comparisons. Non-completion rates were similar between the compared groups.Authors' conclusions A lack of quality information precludes us from drawing de finite conclusions or recommendations on the use of antidepressants in acute AN. Future studies testing safer and more tolerable antidepressants in larger, well designed trials are needed to provide guidance for clinical practice.

THE PARASITOID, Cotesia flavipes (CAMERON) (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE), INFLUENCES FOOD CONSUMPTION AND UTILIZATION BY LARVAL Diatraea saccharalis (F.) (LEPIDOPTERA: CRAMBIDAE)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Maternal Thyroid and Glucocorticoid Hormone Interactions in Larval Fish Development, and Their Applications in Aquaculture

Thyroid hormones (THs) have long been known to have regulatory roles in the differentiation and maturation of vertebrate embryos, beginning with the knowledge that hormones of maternal origin are essential for human fetal central nervous and respiratory system development. Precise measurements of circulating THs led to insights into their critically important actions throughout vertebrate growth and development, initially with amphibian metamorphosis and including embryogenesis in fishes. Thyroid cues for larval fish differentiation are enhanced by glucocorticoid hormones, which promote deiodinase activity and thereby increase the generation of triiodothyronine (T-3) from the less bioactive thyroxin (T-4). Glucocorticoids also induce the expression of thyroid hormone receptors in some vertebrates. Maternally derived thyroid hormones and cortisol are deposited in fish egg yolk and accelerate larval organ system differentiation until larvae become capable of endogenous endocrine function. Increases in the T-3/T-4 ratio during larval development may reflect the regulatory importance of maternal thyroid hormones. Experimental applications of individual hormones have produced mixed results, but treatments with combinations of thyroid and corticoid hormones consistently promote larval fish development and improve survival rates. The developmental and survival benefits of maternal endocrine provisioning are increased in viviparous fishes, in which maternal/larval chemical contact is prolonged. Treatments with exogenous thyroid and corticoid hormones consistently promote development and reduce mortality rates in larval fishes, with potential hatchery-scale applications in aquaculture.

Leptin Effects on the Regenerative Capacity of Human Periodontal Cells

Obesity is increasing throughout the globe and characterized by excess adipose tissue, which represents a complex endocrine organ. Adipose tissue secrets bioactivemolecules called adipokines, which act at endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine levels. Obesity has recently been shown to be associated with periodontitis, a disease characterized by the irreversible destruction of the tooth-supporting tissues, that is, periodontium, and also with compromised periodontal healing. Although the underlying mechanisms for these associations are not clear yet, increased levels of proinflammatory adipokines, such as leptin, as found in obese individuals, might be a critical pathomechanistic link. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of leptin on the regenerative capacity of human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells and also to study the local leptin production by these cells. Leptin caused a significant downregulation of growth (TGF beta 1, and VEGFA) and transcription (RUNX2) factors as well as matrix molecules (collagen, and periostin) and inhibited SMAD signaling under regenerative conditions. Moreover, the local expression of leptin and its full-length receptor was significantly downregulated by inflammatory, microbial, and biomechanical signals. This study demonstrates that the hormone leptin negatively interferes with the regenerative capacity of PDL cells, suggesting leptin as a pathomechanistic link between obesity and compromised periodontal healing.

Aspectos Nutricionais na Doença Renal Crônica em Cães

It is understood by Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) or Stage IV Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) the morbid state in which there is a substantial and irreversible loss of functional capacity, metabolic and endocrine function in both kidneys, leading to a framework of dehydration, azotemia, electrolyte imbalance, anemia, uremic syndrome, secondary hyperparathyroidism, among other conditions that make the patient's life without treatment unfeasible. An adequate nutritional support to patients with CKD at any stage aims to maintain a good clinical condition and an attempt to delay the progression of the disease. The basis of a diet for patients with CKD is the restriction in this protein being of high biological value, low-phosphorus, high energy density, fiber and antioxidants combined with a good dietary practices that allow the patient a good quality of life

Hipotireoidismo em cães: aspectos gerais

Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder in dogs caused by insufficient production and secretion of thyroid hormones. Most affected dogs have primary hypothyroidism that results from lymphocytic thyroiditis, idiopathic thyroid atrophy, or more rarely, neoplastic destruction. Secondary hypothyroidism resulting from inadequate secretion of thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone –TSH) from the pituitary gland is less commonly recognized. Tertiary hypothyroidism resulting from a deficiency of hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) has not been documented in dogs. The diagnosis of hypothyroidism in dogs is made on the basis of clinical findings, results of routine laboratory and thyroid gland function tests and response to thyroid hormone replacement. Unfortunately, these tests have high sensitivity, but low specificity, for use in the diagnosis of hypothyroidism. Thyroid hormone supplementation is indicated for the treatment of confirmed hypothyroidism and for the diagnoses of the disease through clinical response to trial therapy

Puberdade em novilhas

The age which heifers reach puberty depend on factors like genetics, environment and nutrition. Puberty in heifers can be defined as the onset of reproductive competence, the ability to ovulate a fertile oocyte with an estrous behavior and development of a corpus luteum with normal lifespan. The metabolic signals that trigger puberty are not yet fully defined. In Brazil, where most beef cattle are zebu, the age at puberty is very advanced, mainly these animals are feed with a poor diet. Many researches are trying to discover the metabolic signals that trigger puberty and anticipate better economic return in breeding farms. It has been demonstrated that the cascade of endocrine events that culminate in puberty can be hastened by an alternative management scheme that involves increased nutrient intake between 3 and 7 months of life. Different diet concentrations, different products and by-products have been used in research to achieve puberty early (less than 300 days of age). The hormonal induction of puberty, especially with the use of progestagens, has been developed in heifers as an alternative tool to improve reproductive efficiency in herds, increasing the amount of pregnant heifers in breeding season

Utilização de gonadotropina coriônica equina em protocolos de inseminação artificial em tempo fixo em bovinos de corte

Current cattlemen must seek methods to maximum reproductive efficiency of their beef herds, making the business competitive and enhancing greater profitability. For the cow-calf producers, efficiency translates into more cows producing one calf every year. Fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI) is one of several technologies that producers utilize to reach this goal. Postpartum anestrus is one of the biggest obstacles to overcome in order to obtain suitable results at the end of the breeding season. The TAI protocols are efficient in re-establishing cyclicity in noncycling cows during the postpartum period, streamlining the use of labor on farms, allowing the use of artificial insemination (AI) on a large scale, and introducing superior genetics to the herd. The protocols that are most commonly used in Brazil are based on progesterone (P4) releasing devices that prevent premature estrus and ovulation; and estradiol (E2) to synchronize the initiation of a new follicular wave. In such protocols, administration of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) helps the development of the follicle, increases ovulation rate, improves the endocrine and uterine environment during proestrus and diestrus, and improves fertility. The use of eCG in TAI protocols for suckled cows, non-lactating cows and heifers increases the pregnancy rate allowing more calves at the end of the breeding season and higher profitability to the cattlemen

Síndromes Paraneoplásicas em Pequenos Animais

Paraneoplastic syndromes are being increasingly recognized in dogs and cats in veterinary medicine as they often are oncological emergencies and may help in early diagnosis of primary neoplasm, performing a more effective treatment, which usually is the removal of the tumor, and thereby improving the quality of life of the animal and perhaps prognosis. The syndrome is caused by the tumor through the production of substances such as hormones and cytokines that are released into circulation and are responsible for the appearance of distant signals from the primary neoplasm. These syndromes can involve multiple systems of the body, among them we mention: the hematology, the dermatologist, the neurologist, endocrine and musculoskeletal

Hiperadrenocorticismo atípico em cães

The endocrine diseases, notably Cushing's disease, are of great importance from the morbid pictures that affect the canine species. Due to the imprecision of the standard tests, the HAC can be a diagnosis difficult to confirm. Often, the clinical manifestations and biochemical and hematological findings support the diagnosis of HAC, but endocrine tests are normal or inconclusive. The excessive production of ACTH may, in the adrenals, not only stimulate the increase of glucocorticoids, but also of sex hormones. In recent studies, the concentrations of sex hormones were used as parameters to check the adrenal gland function in animals with suspected Cushing's disease, suggesting that high serum concentrations of 17 hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) and other sex steroid hormones would be the cause of the so called atypical hyperadrenocorticism

Impacto da Mastite nos parâmetros reprodutivos em gado de leite

This study aimed to conduct a review in most articles relating mastitis and reproduction. Mastitis affects the reproduction according to its time of occurrence and agent. Mastitis affects the interval interestrus and also increases the number of days open, the number of services per conception, the abortion rate and decreases the conception rate. The inflammatory reaction generated by mastitis and all the toxins produced by bacteria alter the entire endocrine profile of cows that experienced episodes of mastitis and thus affect their reproduction

Estudo da oxidação da melatonina e de seus produtos por radicais peroxila

Melatonin is an endoleamine that has anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating and antioxidants properties. But there is a contradiction between the antioxidant effects of melatonin and glutathione (GSH). Therefore, the main objective of this work was to study the effect of melatonin on the oxidation of GSH and the effect of GSH on the oxidation of melatonin by peroxyl radicals generated by thermolysis of 2,2 -Azobis(2- amino-propane)-dihydrochloride (AAPH). The influence of the reaction conditions and the identity of the products of oxidation were also studied. The main products obtained during the oxidation of melatonin were its monohydroxylated derivative and N1-acetyl- N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AFMK), which is the product obtained by oxidative cleavage of the melatonin indole ring. By studying the buffer type, pH and the presence or absence of dissolved oxygen in the reaction system, it was observed that, the yield of AFMK was higher when the pH or the concentration of oxygen was increased. Comparing the reactivity of both molecules GSH and melatonin, it can be seen that intermediates radicals generated during the oxidation of melatonin are able to oxidize GSH itself. We propose that this chemical property could justify the recent reports that demonstrated the inability of melatonin to inhibit the oxidation of GSH in cells

Hiperadrenocorticismo hipófise dependente em cães

The spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism is one of the most common endocrine diseases in dogs, and is caused by an excessive production of cortisol by the adrenal cortex. In most cases (85-90%) occur the presence of a pituitary tumor, and for this reason, it is called hyperadrenocorticism pituitary-dependent. In this work, was realized a broad discussion about the different diagnostic methods and the many drugs that are used to treat hyperadrenocorticism pituitary-dependent and its benefits and side effects, leaving it to the veterinarian, along with the owner, choose to use or not each one of them