A importância da caraterização geoambiental para elaboração de planejamento territorial ambiental: o exemplo do primeiro distrito do município de Rio Bonito (RJ)

O crescimento populacional acelerado e a imposição do mercado regional e global no município de Rio Bonito (RJ) proporcionaram alterações no seu espaço territorial. As observações cotidianas e a análise dos mapas e imagens de satélites do município trouxeram questionamentos sobre a organização territorial em face de novos empreendimentos e a situação ambiental. Com essas demandas diferenciadas surge a necessidade de estudos integrados para se caracterizar em escala local as problemáticas com o uso e cobertura da terra e tentar oferecer possibilidades de reorganização numa visão holística de todo o processo, que é dinâmico. A caracterização com uma perspectiva sistêmica, nesse estudo, recebe o nome de Geoambiental. O município de Rio Bonito está localizado no Estado do Rio de Janeiro e possui uma área total de 456,45 km2. É dividido em três distritos: Sede, Boa Esperança e Basílio. O trabalho em questão busca um entendimento sobre as condições ambientais das unidades de paisagem no Primeiro Distrito, a fim de subsidiar alternativas de um desenvolvimento sustentável. A pesquisa teve como objetivo principal demonstrar a importância da Caracterização Geoambiental para realização de planejamento territorial em consonância com a preservação ambiental. Além disso, buscou-se realizar análise do uso e cobertura da terra, identificar vulnerabilidades e estabilidades das Unidades Geoambientais e identificar alternativas viáveis para as questões socioambientais e que tenham como base a compreensão da dinâmica local, as relações sociais e passivos ambientais. A metodologia utilizada consistiu na determinação das Unidades Geoambientais com base na revisão bibliográfica, observação de campo, análise de imagens de satélite, dos mapas geomorfológicos, de drenagem e altimétricos. As informações obtidas foram analisadas para geração de banco de dados digitais no Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG), associadas com informações socioeconômicas. A disponibilidade do banco de dados possibilitou a geração de camadas temáticas pela aplicação de rotinas computacionais específicas, permitindo a sua atualização constante. As informações referentes à geologia, geomorfologia, hidrografia, clima, solo, vegetação, recursos minerais foram selecionadas e sistematizadas para a análise das Unidades Geoambientais. A análise do uso e cobertura do solo do Primeiro Distrito revelou que em 2011 as pastagens ocupavam 14.610 ha (67,89%), seguido da floresta com 4.039 ha (18,76%), vegetação secundária e pastagem com 1.848 ha (8,58%) e ocupação urbana de média e baixa densidade, somadas, com 999 ha (4,63%). A caracterização do uso e cobertura do solo é indispensável para compreensão da organização espacial e planejamento de uma gestão ambiental, considerando que a implantação do Complexo Petroquímico do Rio de Janeiro (COMPERJ) demandará aumento de população e conseqüente sobrecarga na infraestrutura básica municipal. A análise do uso e cobertura demonstrou que os principais problemas das Unidades Geoambientais são decorrentes do uso inadequado da terra em relação as suas potencialidades. O estudo demonstrou, portanto que, a realização de estudos integrados do espaço geográfico pode ser efetuada, sendo necessário lembrar a relevância de se compreender a dinâmica do ambiente para a realização de projetos municipais com vistas a um planejamento territorial sustentável.

O Estado capitalista e a produção desigual do espaço no bairro de Campo Grande, Rio de Janeiro

A dissertação baseia-se na Teoria do Desenvolvimento Geográfico Desigual, fruto das elucubrações e da inserção do viés marxista no âmbito da Geografia Crítica ou Radical, que desvelará a produção das diferenciações espaciais concernente ao espaço urbano. Apoiado nessa base teórica objetiva-se desvelar a produção do espaço desigual no bairro de Campo Grande, Rio de Janeiro, com foco nas Zonas Residenciais 3 e 4, pela leitura das políticas urbanas estatais, que fragmentam e restringem o acesso aos diferentes espaços do bairro, estabelecidas e influenciadas pelo neoliberalismo no momento atual da integração e acumulação do sistema político-econômico mundial estabelecido como Globalização. Ainda, verifica-se a influência dos agentes privados na formulação de tais políticas e na apropriação e produção do espaço.

Caracterização da qualidade das águas fluviais em meios peri-urbanos: o caso da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Morto - RJ.

Esta dissertação apresenta os resultados do estudo de monitoramento da qualidade de água na região hidrográfica da Baixada de Jacarepaguá através de coletas e posterior análise laboratorial realizadas na bacia hidrográfica experimental e representativa do Rio Morto. A bacia possui características predominantes peri-urbanas.

Cargas de trabalho em hospital psiquiátrico: repercussões para a saúde do trabalhador de enfermagem

Trata-se de um estudo que possui como objeto as cargas de trabalho de enfermagem em hospital psiquiátrico e as repercussões para a saúde. O trabalho da enfermagem em hospital psiquiátrico tem particularidades ao se considerar a dinâmica do serviço e o cuidado de pacientes com diversos perfis de adoecimento psíquico; portanto com necessidades de cuidados e monitoramento extenuantes por parte da enfermagem durante 24 horas. Objetivos: identificar as cargas de trabalho vivenciadas pelos trabalhadores de enfermagem em um hospital psiquiátrico; descrever como as cargas de trabalho no hospital psiquiátrico afetam a saúde dos trabalhadores de enfermagem; analisar os mecanismos de enfretamento adotados pelos trabalhadores de enfermagem diante das cargas de trabalho no hospital psiquiátrico. Estudo qualitativo, exploratório e descritivo, tendo como campo um hospital psiquiátrico, situado no município do Rio de Janeiro. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa e protocolado com o n 619.262. A coleta de dados ocorreu no primeiro semestre de 2014, tendo participado do estudo 30 trabalhadores de enfermagem (enfermeiros, técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem) a partir dos critérios de inclusão estabelecidos. Na coleta dos dados, realizada no primeiro semestre de 2014, trabalhou-se com a técnica de entrevista do tipo semiestruturada mediante um roteiro e na caracterização dos participantes, utilizou-se um instrumento autoaplicado. Após a transcrição dos depoimentos recorreu-se à análise de conteúdo do tipo temática, que apontou os seguintes resultados: as cargas presentes em hospital psiquiátrico, na visão dos trabalhadores, devem-se aos cuidados prestados aos pacientes de ordem subjetiva e objetiva, como também em relação à imprevisibilidade do quadro clínico, principalmente nas emergências psiquiátricas. Para o grupo, as cargas de trabalho, tanto físicas quanto psíquicas são intensificadas em função da precariedade das condições de trabalho, a ausência de poder do trabalhador frente a organização e ao volume de trabalho. As cargas acarretam o sofrimento psíquico evidenciado através de queixas como cansaço, nervosismo, incômodo, ansiedade, irritação e desgaste, dores musculares, insônia e cefaleia. Diante do sofrimento psíquico decorrente das cargas de trabalho o grupo elabora mecanismos de enfrentamento centrados na solução de problemas; momentos em que buscam a chefia e conversam com os pares. Quanto aos mecanismos de enfrentamento centrados na emoção, os trabalhadores, buscam afastar-se temporariamente do trabalho, procuram não pensar, não falar a respeito ou extravasam a tensão através de gestos e reclamações. Conclui-se que o hospital psiquiátrico possui cargas de trabalho específicas em função do tipo de trabalho realizado e clientela assistida que exigem dos trabalhadores de enfermagem observação e cuidados contínuos. Pelo fato de as cargas acarretarem prejuízos à saúde do trabalhador, há necessidade de uma política voltada para a prevenção e a promoção da saúde do grupo. Sugere-se a criação e manutenção de grupos de suporte aos trabalhadores com vistas a elaboração e discussão dos problemas enfrentados, assim como a continuidade dos estudos.

Boat wakes and their influence on erosion in the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway, North Carolina

Boat wakes in the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway (AIWW) of North Carolina occur in environments not normally subjected to (wind) wave events, making sections of AIWW potentially vulnerable to extreme wave events generated by boat wakes. The Snow’s Cut area that links the Cape Fear River to the AIWW is an area identified by the Wilmington District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers as having significant erosion issues; it was hypothesized that this erosion could be being exacerbated by boat wakes. We compared the boat wakes for six combinations of boat length and speed with the top 5% wind events. We also computed the benthic shear stress associated with boat wakes and whether sediment would move (erode) under those conditions. Finally, we compared the transit time across Snow’s Cut for each speed. We focused on two size classes of V-hulled boats (7 and 16m) representative of AIWW traffic and on three boat speeds (3, 10 and 20 knots). We found that at 10 knots when the boat was plowing and not yet on plane, boat wake height and potential erosion was greatest. Wakes and forecast erosion were slightly mitigated at higher, planing speeds. Vessel speeds greater than 7 knots were forecast to generate wakes and sediment movement zones greatly exceeding that arising from natural wind events. We posit that vessels larger than 7m in length transiting Snow’s Cut (and likely many other fetch-restricted areas of the AIWW) frequently generate wakes of heights that result in sediment movement over large extents of the AIWW nearshore area, substantially in exceedance of natural wind wave events. If the speed, particularly of large V-hulled vessels (here represented by the 16m length class), were reduced to pre-plowing levels (~ 7 knots down from 20), transit times for Snow’s Cut would be increased approximately 10 minutes but based on our simulations would likely substantially reduce the creation of erosion-generating boat wakes. It is likely that boat wakes significantly exceed wind wave background for much of the AIWW and similar analyses may be useful in identifying management options.

A report on frame and catch assessment surveys on Lake Nakuwa, Lake Kyoga Basin, Uganda

Lake Nakuwa is one of the large lakes among the Kyoga drainage system lakes, located 132 km north east Off Jinja town, at 01° 091N 33° 21 1 E, an elevation 1037 m, surface area of 200 km2 and an average depth of 3.3 m. The lake is shared by the districts of Kamuli, Pallisa and the newly created district of Kaliro. howerever 80% of the landing sites are in Kaliro and less than 20% are shared between the districts of Kamuli and Pallisa. The lake is free of submerged and floating macrophytes, with lots of floating papyrus (sudds). Papyrus, hippo grass and reeds dominate the shoreline vegetation. Lake Nakuwa like the main lake Kyoga was stocked with the Nile perch and the tilapiine species namely Oreochromis niloticus, Oreochromis leucostictus and Tilapia zillii in the general stocking exercise of small lakes alild dams in the early 1970's.

Integrated cage-cum-pond culture systems with high valued climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) in cages and low-valued carps in open ponds

An on-farm trial was conducted over 150 days to determine appropriate stocking ratio, growth and production of climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) in cages and carps in open water of ponds in eighteen farmers' ponds from Haluaghat Upazila at Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. One or two 1 m super(3) cage was suspended in each of 12 earthen ponds and other 6 ponds served as control without cages. Climbing perch of 2-3 g in size were stocked in cages while fingerlings of silver carp (Hypophthalmicthys molitrix), catla (Catla catla), rohu (Labeo rohita), mirgal (Cirhinus cirrhosus), rajputi (Puntius sarana) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were stocked at 1 fish/m super(2) with a species ratio of 5:4:4:4:2:1 in open water of all ponds to give cage to open-pond fish ratios of 1:1 (T sub(1:1)) and 2:1 (T sub(2:1)) and 0:1 (T sub(0:1)) as three treatments with six replicates each. Survival of climbing perch was higher in T sub(1:1) (61.67%) than that of T sub(2:1) (29.5%) and was significantly different (p>0.05) between the treatments. Stocking of small size climbing perch fry increased the mortality rate in cages. The net yields of Thai koi were 0.13±0.01 (t/ha) and 0.10±0.01 (t/ha) in treatments T sub(1:1) and T sub(2:1), respectively and both were significantly different (p>0.05). Survival of-open-pond carps was high, ranging from 50 to 91.67% with significantly lower in T sub(0:1) than that of T sub(1:1) and T sub(2:1) treatment. Net and gross yield of each carp species were significantly higher in the T sub(1:1) and T sub(2:1) treatment than that in T sub(0:1) treatment. Net revenues were positive but low in all treatments. Therefore, bigger size climbing perch with lower stocking ratio (T sub(1:1)) is suitable for integrated cage-pond culture of climbing perch and carps. However, more on-farm trials in different ecosystem with scientific interventions are necessary to develop the technology for further dissemination among the rural farmers.

陕西省汉台区1978年至2006年耕地数量变化及驱动力分析

汉台区是陕西省农业产业结构调整典型示范区,近年来,由于农业产业结构调整、退耕还林还草和建设占用耕地,汉台区耕地数量大量减少,耕地供需矛盾突出。本文利用1978年以来汉台区耕地长序列统计资料和近9年的土地详查与变更数据,研究汉台区土地利用现状及其结构变化、分析汉台区耕地数量变化的基本过程及空间差异、探讨耕地数量变化的主要驱动力。研究结果表明:①1978年～2006年全区耕地共减少5600hm2,平均每年减少200hm2,人均耕地减少0.027hm2,耕地递减率曲线与人均耕地递减率曲线走势基本一致;②建设占用耕地、退耕还林还草和农业结构调整等直接影响因子在4种类型区影响耕地变化差异明显;总体上,农业产业结构调整是全区耕地减少的主导因素,经济发展较快的城镇,建设占用耕地较多;③耕地面积与社会经济发展各因素间的相关系数约低于累计耕地面积与各因素之间的相关系数,说明全区耕地减少与社会经济发展存在时间上的错位性,即经济和社会发展滞后于对耕地资源的占用。

镇海棘螈繁殖群体生态和遗传结构研究

genetics, such as: population size, reproduction, mating system, growth, development,genetic structure and systematics status; The main results are presented below: The seasonal variation of the operational sexual ratio of this animal was found in the field and the ration always bias the female in the breeding season. Aiming at this character and considering the distance of time and space of both sexual habitat in breeding season, we census female population first by toe-clipping mark-recapture method, then estimated the population size with the definitive sexual ratio. Up to now, this species was found only at the Beilun district of the Ningbo City. The population size of the Ruiyan Temple Forest Park approximates to 369. The status of this population is extremely endangered, so besides protecting this population at the original locality, we also suggested to breed the salamander in fenced locality and to hatch embryos artificially, and send metamorphosed juveniles back to nature. We can transfer some individuals to other similar habitats or breed them under artificial conditions for saving this species from extinction. The early developmental stage of the Chinhai salamander is the same as its relative species, E. andersoni. Their balanceres are poorly developed and disappear very early. Temperature and moisture significantly influence the embryonic development of the Chinhai salamander. The embryonic stage is approx. 29 days under room temperature. The hatchling grows in a logarithmic curve. The larvae stage in water is approx. 58- 88 days. Many factors influence the nomal development, including two aspects of internal and external. Due to these factors, the effective protected measures were presented in detail. The breeding migration of E. chinhaiensis takes place at late March～late April every year. This salamander's hatching rate is high, but the rate of hatchling migrating into water is low. The average effectiveness of all the nest sites is 36.7%. The maternal self-conservation was contrary to the reproductive success of the egg-laying strategy. In the strategy of egg-laying behavior, the first factor selected by the female was its self-conservation, the second is embryonic survival rate, and the last is rate of hatchling survival rate. The oviposition selection is significant for the survival of the larvae. Based on the analysis of the evolutionary process of reproductive behaviors nad egg-laying site selections of all genera of the family Salamandridae, we deduced that perhaps Echinotriton is a transitional type in the evolutionary process from water to land. Due to its location in the adaptive stage in the terrestrial evolution, Echinotriton chinhaiensis's terrestrial nest may be one of important reason that causes this species to be endangered. The genetic deversity analysis shows that although the population size of the Chinhai salamander is quite small compared to other Chinese salamandrid species, the genetic diversity of this population is not reduce remarkably. We explain this phenomena with the polygamy mating system of this species. The result of 4 families' parenthood determinations shows that the parenhood determination can be taken without any paternal information. The "children" of every female include rich genetic information from at least two "fathers". It implies that female Chinhai salamander mates more than once with different males in a breeding season. The molecular evidence, the behavioral observation evidences and the sperm evidence in the female cloaca proved that this species has a polygamy mating system. The kin recognition in the mating of adult salamander was first discussed. The taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationships of 12 species representing 6 genera in the family Salamandridae were studied using DNA fingerprinting. The results showed that the DNA fingerprinting. The results showed that the DNA fingerprinting patterns demonstrated rich genetic diversity and species diversity, and also revealed the taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationshipes of higher taxa to a certain extent. The results are highly consistent with those obtained from the studies based on the morphology, ecology, cytology and molecular biology. The compreshensive analysis indicate that Tylototrition hainanensis and T. wenxianensis should be valid species; Echinotriton should be a valid genus;Tylotortriton is a natural cluster; Tylotortriton asperrimus should be put in Tylototrition rather than in Echinotriton, Hypselotriton and Allomestriton are synonyms of Cynops and Paramesotriton, respectively. There are three main groups in Chinese salamandride: Cynops, Paramesotriton and Pachytrition from the first group, the species of the Tylototriton from the second, and E. chinhaiensis composes the third.

黄骅坳陷马东地区沙河街组重力流水道储层评价及剩余油研究

In this paper, taking Madong district of Huanghua depression as a case, based on the theory of sequence stratigraphy, sedimentology, reservoir geology and geophysics, according to core analysis, seismic attribute analysis, logging constrained inversion, multi-data correlation of strata, reservoir modeling, etc. the lower and middle first member of Shahejie formation of the study area was forecasted and evaluated. As a result, a number of reservoir prediction and remaining oil distribution methods suitable to oil exploitation of gravity flow channel reservoir are presented. Scientific foundation is provided to the next adjustment of development program and exploitation of the remaining oil. According to high resolution sequence stratigraphy theory, precise stratigraphic framework was founded, the facies types and facies distribution were studied under the control of stratigraphic framework, the technologies of seismic attribute abstraction and logging constrained inversion. Result shows that gravity flow channel, as the main facies, developed in the rising period of base-level cycle, and it was formed during the phase of contemporaneous fault growth. As the channel extends, channel width was gradually widened but thickness thined. The single channels were in possession of a great variety of integrated modes, such as isolated, branching off, merging and paralleling, forming a kind of sand-mud interblending complex sedimentary units. Reservoir quality differs greatly in vertical and horizontal direction, and sedimentary microfacies is main controlling factor of the reservoir quality. In major channel, deposition thickness is great, and petrophysical property is well. While in marginal channel, reservoir is thinner, and petrophysical property is unfavorable. Structure and reservoir quality are main factors which control the oil and gas distribution in the study area. On the basis of the research about the reservoir quality, internal, planar and 3-D reservoir heterogeneities are characterized, and the reservoir quality was sorted rationally. At last, based on the research of reservoir numerical simulation of key well group, combined with reservoir performance analysis and geological analysis above, remaining oil distribution patterns controlled by internal rhythm of gravity flow channel were set up. Through this research, a facies-restrained reservoir prediction method integrating multi-information was presented, and potential orientation of remaining oil distribution in gravity flow channel reservoir is clarified.

大别山硬玉石英岩带中的水

The Dabie Mountains is a collisional orogenic belt between the North China and Yantze Continental plates. It is the eastern elongation of the Tongbai and Qingling orogen, and is truncated at its east end by the Tan-Lu fault. Jadeite-quartzite belt occurs in the eastern margin of UHPMB from the Dabie Mountains. Geochemical features indicate that the protoliths of the jadeite-quartzite and associated eclogite to be supracrustal rocks. The occurrence of micro-inclusions of coesite in jadeite and garnet confirmed that the continental crust can be subducted to great depth (8 0-100km) and then exhumed rapidly with its UHP mineral signature fairly preserved. Therefore, study of UHP jadeite-quartzite provides important information on subduction of continental crustal rocks and their exhumation histories, as well as the dynamics of plate tectonic processes at convergent margins. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the presence of hydrous component in the jadeite-quartzite belt, significant natural variations in the hydrous component content of UHP minerals and to discuss the role of water in petrology, geochemistry and micro-tectonic. On the basis of our previous studies, some new geological evidences have been found in the jadeite-quartzite belt by researches on petrography, mineralogy, micro-tectonic, hydrous component content of UHP minerals and combined with the study on rheology of materials using microprob, ER, TEM. By research and analysis of these phenomenona, the results obtained are as follows: 1. The existence of fluid during ultra-high pressure metamorphic process. Jadeites, omphacite, garnet, rutile, coesite and quartz from the jadeite-quartzite belt have been investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and TEM. Results show that all of these minerals contain trace amount of water which occur as hydroxyl and free-water in these minerals. The two-type hydrous components in UHP minerals are indicated stable in the mantle-depth. The results demonstrated that these ultra-high pressure metamorphic minerals, which were derived from continental crust protoliths, they could bring water into the mantle depth during the ultra-high pressure metamorphism. The clusters of water molecules within garnet are very important evidence of the existence of fluid during ultra-high pressure metamorphic process. It indicated that the metamorphic system was not "dry"during the ultra-high pressure stage. 2.The distribution of hydrous component in UHP minerals of jadeite-quartzite. The systematic distribution of hydrous components in UHP minerals are a strong indication that water in these minerals, are controlled by some factors and that the observed variations are not of a random nature. The distribution and concentration of hydrous component is not only correlated with composition of minerals, but also a function of geological environment. Therefore, the hydrous component in the minerals can not only take important part in the UHP metamorphic fluid during subduction of continental crustal rocks, but also their hydroxyl transported water molecules with decreasing pressure during their exhumation. And these water molecules can not only promote the deformation of jadeite through hydrolytic weakening, but also may be the part of the retrograde metamorphic fluid. 3.The role of water in the deformed UHP minerals. The jadeite, omphacite, garnet are strong elongated deformation in the jadeite-quartzite from the Dabie Mountains. They are (1) they are developed strong plastic deformation; (2) developed dislocation loop, dislocation wall; (3) the existence of clusters of water molecular in the garnet; and (4) the evolution of micero-tectonic from clusters of water molecular-dislocation loop in omphacite. That indicated that the water weakening controlled the mechanism of deformed minerals. Because the data presented here are not only the existence of clusters of water molecular in the garnet, but also developed strong elongation, high density of dislocation and high aspect ratios, adding microprobe data demonstrate the studied garnet crystals no compositional zoning. Therefore, this indicates that the diffusion process of the grain boundary mobility did not take place in these garnets. On the basis of above features, we consider that it can only be explained by plastic deformation of the garnets. The clusters of water molecules present in garnet was directly associated with mechanical weakening and inducing in plastic deformation of garnet by glissile dislocations. Investigate of LPO, strain analysis, TEM indicated that these clinopyroxenes developed strong elongation, high aspect ratios, and developed dislocation loop, dislocation wall and free dislocations. These indicated that the deformation mechanism of the clinopyroxenes plastically from the Dabie Mountains is dominant dislocation creep under the condition of the UHP metamorphic conditions. There are some bubbles with dislocation loops attached to them in the omphacite crystal. The bubbles attached to the dislocation loops sometimes form a string of bubble beads and some loops are often connected to one another via a common bubble. The water present in omphacite was directly associated with hydrolitic weakening and inducing in plastic deformation of omphacite by dislocations. The role of water in brittle deformation. Using microscopy, deformation has been identified as plastic deformation and brittle deformation in UHP minerals from the Dabie Mountains. The study of micro-tectonic on these minerals shows that the brittle deformation within UHP minerals was related to local stresses. The brittle deformation is interpreted as being caused by an interaction of high fluid pressure, volume changes. The hydroxyl within UHP minerals transported water molecules with decreasing pressure due to their exhumation. However, under eclogite facies conditions, the litho-static pressure is extreme, but a high fluid pressure will reduce the effective stress and make brittle deformation possible. The role of water in prograde metamorphism. Geochemical research on jadeite-quartzite and associated eclogite show that the protoliths of these rocks are supracrustal rocks. With increasing of temperature and pressure, the chlorite, biotite, muscovite was dehydrous reaction and released hydrous component during the subduction of continental lithosphere. The supracrustal rocks were transformed UHP rocks and formed UHP facies assemblage promotely by water introduction, and was retained in UHP minerals as hydrous component. The water within UHP minerals may be one of the retrograde metamorphic fluids. Petrological research on UHP rocks of jadeite-quartzite belt shows that there was existence of local fluids during early retrograde metamorphism. That are: (1) coronal textures and symplectite around relict UHP minerls crystals formed from UHP minerls by hydration reactions; (2) coronal textures of albite around ruitle; and (3) micro-fractures in jadeite or garnet were filled symplectite of Amp + PI + Mt. That indicated that the reactions of early retrograde metamorphism dependent on fluid introduction. These fluids not only promoted retrograde reaction of UHP minerals, but also were facilitate to diffuse intergranular and promote growth in minerals. Therefore, the hydrous component in the UHP minerals can not only take important part in the UHP metamorphic fluid during subduction of continental crustal rocks, but also their hydroxyl transport water molecules with decreasing pressure and may take part in the retrograde metamorphic fluid during their exhumation. 7. The role of water in geochemistry of UHP jadeite-quartzite. Geochemical research show that there are major, trace and rare earth element geochemical variations in the jadeite-quartzite from the Changpu district of Dabie Mountains, during retrograde metamorphic processes from the jadeite-quartzite--gneiss. The elements such as SiO_2、FeO、Ba、Zr、Ga、La、Ce、PTN Nd% Sm and Eu increase gradually from the jadeite-quartzite to retrograded jadeite-quartzite and to gneiss, whilst TiO_2. Na_2CK Fe2O_3、Rb、Y、Nb、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb decrease gradually. And its fO_2 keep nearly unchanged during early retrograde metamorphism, but decreased obviously during later retrograde metamorphism. These indicate that such changes are not only controlled by element transformation between mineralogical phases, but also closely relative to fluid-rock interaction in the decompression retrograde metamorphic processes.

油藏数值模拟中的网格粗化和细化技术研究

The grid is a foundation of reservoir description and reservoir simulation. The scale of grid size is vital influence for the precision of reservoir simulation the gridding of reservoir parameters require reasonable interpolation method with computing quickly and accurately. The improved distant weighted interpolation method has many properties, such as logical data points selection, exact interpolation, less calculation and simply programming, and its application can improve the precision of reservoir description and reservoir simulation. The Fractal geologic statistics describes scientifically the distribution law of various geological properties in reservoir. The Fractal interpolation method is applied in grid interpolation of reservoir parameters, and the result more accorded with the geological property and configuration of reservoir, and improved the rationality and quality of interpolation calculation. Incorporating the improved distant weighted interpolation method with Fractal interpolation method during mathematical model of grid-upscaling and grid-downscaling, the softwares of GROUGH(grid-upscaling) and GFINE (grid-downscaling) were developed aiming at the questions of grid-upscaling and grid-downscaling in reservoir description and reservoir simulation. The softwares of GROUGH and GFINE initial applied in the research of fined and large-scale reservoir simulation. It obtained fined distribution of remaining oil applying grid-upscaling and grid-downscaling technique in fined reservoir simulation of Es21-2 Shengtuo oilfield, and provided strongly and scientific basis for integral and comprehensive adjustment. It's a giant tertiary oil recovery pilot area in the alkaline/surfactant/polymer flooding pilot area of west district of Gudao oilfield, and first realized fined reservoir simulation of chemical flooding using grid-upscaling and grid-downscaling technique. It has wide applied foreground and significant research value aiming at the technique of grid-upscaling and grid-downscaling in reservoir description and reservoir simulation.

大城市内部商业环境满意度评价与消费区位决策研究-以北京市西城区和海淀区为例

Since 1990s, commercial conditions in China including commercial environment, retail types, scale of retail enterprises, spatial structure of retail and shopping decision making factors have changed. In order to keep up with these changes, commercial geography should set up new perspectives, theories and methods to analyze its internal mechanism and changing rules, and thus provide reasonable and practical scientific basis to commercial planning, location decision of retail enterprises and commercial environment construction. Taking Xicheng and Haidian District of Beijing as research case, which is a sector region from city center to rural region, this paper selects 12 commercial centers as most important study objects of this sector. This paper mainly makes use of the methods of Modeling, Pearson Bivaiiate Correlations Analysis, Factor Analysis and Logit model. Based on 1300 questionnaires and fieldwork, this paper focuses on modeling of Consumer Satisfaction of Commercial Environment (CSCE), evaluation of commercial environment and driving factors of consumers' shopping location decision. Firstly, this paper discusses the development of commercial geography and commercial environment evaluation, the new characteristics and trends of commercial development in Beijing and physical commercial environment of Xicheng and Haidian District of Beijing from chapter 1 to chapter 4. Secondly, this paper summarizes characteristics of residents' shopping behavior in chapter 5. Thirdly, this paper sets up an evaluative model of CSCE, and analyzes consumer satisfaction indexes of commercial environment and their spatial features in chapter 6. Fourthly, this paper infers how residents' attributes and shopping behaviors affect their preferences of shopping location and what are residents' shopping location decisions and their influencing factors in chapter 7. Fifthly, this paper constructs a significant index model and a pyramidal framework of CSCE, and further analyzes the diversity and competitive advantage of commercial environment in chapter 8. Finally, some conclusions are drawn as follows: 1. Characteristics of residents' shopping behavior mostly embody residents' time distance preference, commodity consumption preference, shopping time distribution and shopping activity characteristics. The important factors that influence shopping location choice of residents are distance, transportation, commodity price, commodity types and commodity quality. However, the important factors, which influence shopping location re-choice of residents, are commodity price, commodity quality, commodity types and transportation. 2. CSCE indexes of 12 commercial centers show us significant spatial characteristics, such as spatial differences of "Center-fringe region", spatial characteristics of axes, spatial diversity of ring roads and so on. 3. Influencing factors including factor endowments, relative establishment factor and location and transportation factor of commercial environment are of importance for CSCE. 4. Logit model 1 indicates that shopping behavior of residents is significantly and positively related to working in high-tech companies, high income and by car and positively related to high school diploma, by bus and subway. 5. Logit model 2 indicates that residents' shopping location decision is significantly and positively related to leisure establishment and relative restaurant and entertainment establishment and negatively related to commercial location, commodity price, service quality, parking site. 6. The significant index model and the pyramidal framework of CSCE indicate competitive advantages are crucial to attractive capability of commercial center, and competitive weakness limits development of commercial centers, in particular the weakness of service quality and parking site now is the chief factors restricting development of commercial centers

兰坪盆地演化与多金属大型矿集区形成耦合关系研究

滇西兰坪中新生代盆地是我国著名“三江”构造带的重要组成部分，盆地内矿产资源丰富，金顶超大型铅锌多金属矿床及其周围的铜多金属矿床构成了我国西南地区重要的多金属大型矿集区之一。本文重点研究了兰坪中新生代盆地的演化、矿集区的成矿作用以及盆地演化与矿集区形成的藕合关系；同时对盆地上三叠统三合洞组的沉积环境以及盆地沉积岩源区构造背景和物源属性也进行了分析。研究结果表明：上三叠统三合洞组的沉积环境属浅海局限台地相，沉积时古海水的温度介于26.7℃-32.1℃，反映上三叠统三合洞组沉积时兰坪盆地处于炎热的热带区；盆地沉积岩源区构造属被动大陆边缘环境和大陆岛弧环境，原始物源来自上地壳，以长英质岩石为主，兰坪中新生代盆地属典型的大陆型盆地；盆地演化经历了三个原型盆地即裂陷盆地（T2-J1）、坳陷盆地（J2-K1）和走滑盆地（E-N）的演化过程，三个原型盆地的形成和演化明显受特提斯洋演化和印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞作用的制约；矿集：区内矿床的成矿物质源自地壳（盆地基底和盆地地层）、成矿流体为盆地热卤水：沥自盆地生油岩地层的有机质参与了成矿作用；矿集区矿床形成时间为56Ma左右或3OMa左右，两时间分别与印度板块和欧亚板块发生碰撞和后续的强烈挤压阶段的时间相一致；中新生代兰坪盆地演化过程也是多金属大型矿集区形成的过程。在裂陷和坳陷盆地演化阶段是大型矿集区形成的预备阶段，形成了成矿物质、成矿流体和成矿流．体通道及矿石堆积场所；走滑盆地演化过程中，强烈的构造活动等使区内成矿能量快速积聚，同时进一步富集成矿物质、成矿流体进一步汇聚以及形成成矿流体的运移通道和矿石堆积的场所，在印度板块和欧亚板块发生碰撞时和后续的强烈挤压阶段分别发生成矿作用，最后形成多金属大型矿集区。