Port Security Measures: One Year after the Entry into Force of the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (ISPS Code)

New Page 1This issue of the FALBulletin presents information relating to the implementation in Latin Americanand Caribbean countries of the International Ship and Port Facility SecurityCode (ISPS Code) of the International Maritime Organization (OMI), one yearafter its entry into force on 1 July 2004. Information is included on the charges associated with the securitymeasures, in the world and in Latin America, together with an analysis ofcompliance with the measures in a group of countries from the Southern Cone ofthe region. 

Desempenho operacional e energético, segundo a norma OECD – code 2 de dois tratores agrícolas 4x2 TDA com motores de 132 kw em pista concreto e solo agrícola

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Density, proportion, and dendritic coverage of retinal ganglion cells of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus jacchus)

We performed a quantitative analysis of M and P cell mosaics of the common-marmoset retina. Ganglion cells were labeled retrogradely from optic nerve deposits of Biocytin. The labeling was visualized using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) histochemistry and 3-3'diaminobenzidine as chromogen. M and P cells were morphologically similar to those found in Old- and New-World primates. Measurements were performed on well-stained cells from 4 retinas of different animals. We analyzed separate mosaics for inner and outer M and P cells at increasing distances from the fovea (2.5-9 mm of eccentricity) to estimate cell density, proportion, and dendritic coverage. M cell density decreased towards the retinal periphery in all quadrants. M cell density was higher in the nasal quadrant than in other retinal regions at similar eccentricities, reaching about 740 cells/mm2 at 2.5 mm of temporal eccentricity, and representing 8-14% of all ganglion cells. P cell density increased from peripheral to more central regions, reaching about 5540 cells/mm2 at 2.5 mm of temporal eccentricity. P cells represented a smaller proportion of all ganglion cells in the nasal quadrant than in other quadrants, and their numbers increased towards central retinal regions. The M cell coverage factor ranged from 5 to 12 and the P cell coverage factor ranged from 1 to 3 in the nasal quadrant and from 5 to 12 in the other quadrants. These results show that central and peripheral retinal regions differ in terms of cell class proportions and dendritic coverage, and their properties do not result from simply scaling down cell density. Therefore, differences in functional properties between central and peripheral vision should take these distinct regional retinal characteristics into account.

Ecosystem services and urban vegetation coverage in Belém: the influence on noise pollution, air pollution and climate regulation

A ligação entre as zonas urbanas e as questões ambientais ficam mais próximas na medida em que cresce a conscientização global de conservar, melhorar e valorizar os serviços ambientais prestados pela natureza para a sustentabilidade da vida, dentro e fora da cidade. Cobertura vegetal (ou cobertura verde) está dentre as principais fontes de tais serviços. Uma vez que o processo de urbanização se mostra irreversível e os problemas ambientais urbanos se alastram em tamanho e extensão, a presença do verde está diretamente relacionada aos indicadores de qualidade de vida urbana. Como reflexo do processo de urbanização, a cidade de Belém perdeu uma grande porcentagem de seus ecossistemas naturais, de modo que este trabalho se concentrou em analisar alguns serviços ecossistêmicos—qualidade do ar, poluição do ar e regulação do clima - fornecidos pela qualidade e pela quantidade de cobertura vegetal local, considerando as alterações na distribuição espaço-temporal, em três distritos administrativos. Um marco teórico foi construído e analisado; a cobertura vegetal foi calculada, utilizando-se NDVI e Cobertura Vegetal Fracional em imagens do LANDSAT 5, ao longo de um período de 23 anos. A partir de uma proposta de escala mais detalhada de NDVI, análises quantitativas e qualitativas da cobertura verde evidenciaram perda significativa de cobertura muito densa, densa, moderada e aumento de áreas de pouca ou nenhuma vegetação. Ademais, lesão das áreas verdes sinalizou tendências de aumento da poluição do ar, da poluição sonora e da temperatura. A carência de dados relacionados ao meio ambiente não deixa dúvida sobre a urgência de investimento nos serviços ambientais provenientes da cobertura vegetal, para a sustentabilidade urbana em Belém, cujos cenários previstos são de drásticas perdas de área verde. Mais pesquisas e iniciativas de instituições públicas e privadas são necessárias para a contribuição aos serviços ambientais em Belém e, consequentemente, ao bem-estar público.

O compositor na sala de aula: sonoridades contemporâneas para educação musical

Pós-graduação em Música - IA

Defining functional urban regions in Bahia, Brazil, using roadway coverage and population density variables

The concept of Functional Urban Regions (FURs), also called Metropolitan Regions (MRs), is not simple. It is clear, though, that they are not simply a combination of adjacent municipalities or areas. Different methods can be used for their definition. However, especially in developing countries, the application of some methods is not possible, due to the unavailability of detailed data. Alternative approaches have been developed based on spatial analysis methods and using variables extracted from available data. The objective of this study is to compare the results of two spatial analysis methods exploring two variables: population density and an indicator of transport infrastructure supply. The first method regards Exploratory Spatial Data Analyses tools, which define uniform regions based on specific variables. The second method used the same variables and the spatial analysis technique available in the computer program SKATER - Spatial 'K'luster Analysis by Tree Edge Removal. Assuming that those classifications of regions with similar characteristics can be used for identifying potential FURS, the results of all analyses were compared with one another and with the 'official' MR. A combined approach was also considered for comparison, but none of the results match the existing MR boundaries, what challenges the official definitions. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

An improved interolog mapping-based computational prediction of protein protein interactions with increased network coverage

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

As relações públicas na ambiência da comunicação móvel digital: o QR code como estratégia de comunicação

The internet as well as all technologies arising from it are transforming and changing socially and economically, the forms of relationships between people and organizations. The environment of digital mobile communication is on the rise, allowing more communication strategies in public relations to be enhanced, in order to allow effective dialogue, relationship and interaction between organizations and their stakeholders. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to analyze digital communications, especially a locative media tool that has been gaining ground in communication activities: Quick Response Code. So in addition to conceptualize and contextualize it, one tried to map out various campaigns, both national and international, who made use of the QR Code, highlighting the strategic role that this tool can have in Integrated PR planning, in order to create visibility and to establish effective and lasting relationships with the brand / organization

A BCH code and a sequence of cyclic codes

This study establishes that for a given binary BCH code C0 n of length n generated by a polynomial g(x) ∈ F2[x] of degree r there exists a family of binary cyclic codes {Cm 2m−1(n+1)n}m≥1 such that for each m ≥ 1, the binary cyclic code Cm 2m−1(n+1)n has length 2m−1(n + 1)n and is generated by a generalized polynomial g(x 1 2m ) ∈ F2[x, 1 2m Z≥0] of degree 2mr. Furthermore, C0 n is embedded in Cm 2m−1(n+1)n and Cm 2m−1(n+1)n is embedded in Cm+1 2m(n+1)n for each m ≥ 1. By a newly proposed algorithm, codewords of the binary BCH code C0 n can be transmitted with high code rate and decoded by the decoder of any member of the family {Cm 2m−1(n+1)n}m≥1 of binary cyclic codes, having the same code rate.

A decoding procedure which improves code rate and error corrections

Corresponding to $C_{0}[n,n-r]$, a binary cyclic code generated by a primitive irreducible polynomial $p(X)\in \mathbb{F}_{2}[X]$ of degree $r=2b$, where $b\in \mathbb{Z}^{+}$, we can constitute a binary cyclic code $C[(n+1)^{3^{k}}-1,(n+1)^{3^{k}}-1-3^{k}r]$, which is generated by primitive irreducible generalized polynomial $p(X^{\frac{1}{3^{k}}})\in \mathbb{F}_{2}[X;\frac{1}{3^{k}}\mathbb{Z}_{0}]$ with degree $3^{k}r$, where $k\in \mathbb{Z}^{+}$. This new code $C$ improves the code rate and has error corrections capability higher than $C_{0}$. The purpose of this study is to establish a decoding procedure for $C_{0}$ by using $C$ in such a way that one can obtain an improved code rate and error-correcting capabilities for $C_{0}$.

Referência e code-switching: traços de singularidade na linguagem de uma criança bilíngue

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Surface coverage in wireless sensor networks based on delaunay tetrahedralization

In this work is presented a new method for sensor deployment on 3D surfaces. The method was structured on different steps. The first one aimed discretizes the relief of interest with Delaunay algorithm. The tetrahedra and relative values (spatial coordinates of each vertex and faces) were input to construction of 3D Voronoi diagram. Each circumcenter was calculated as a candidate position for a sensor node: the corresponding circular coverage area was calculated based on a radius r. The r value can be adjusted to simulate different kinds of sensors. The Dijkstra algorithm and a selection method were applied to eliminate candidate positions with overlapped coverage areas or beyond of surface of interest. Performance evaluations measures were defined using coverage area and communication as criteria. The results were relevant, once the mean coverage rate achieved on three different surfaces were among 91% and 100%.

A formalized optimum code search for q-ary trellis codes

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Directed Test Suite Augmentation

As software evolves, engineers use regression testing to evaluate its fitness for release. Such testing typically begins with existing test cases, and many techniques have been proposed for reusing these cost-effectively. After reusing test cases, however, it is also important to consider code or behavior that has not been exercised by existing test cases and generate new test cases to validate these. This process is known as test suite augmentation. In this paper we present a directed test suite augmentation technique, that utilizes results from reuse of existing test cases together with an incremental concolic testing algorithm to augment test suites so that they are coverage-adequate for a modified program. We present results of an empirical study examining the effectiveness of our approach.

Using Source-Code Analysis to Help End-user Programmers Create Dependable Software

Not long ago, most software was written by professional programmers, who could be presumed to have an interest in software engineering methodologies and in tools and techniques for improving software dependability. Today, however, a great deal of software is written not by professionals but by end-users, who create applications such as multimedia simulations, dynamic web pages, and spreadsheets. Applications such as these are often used to guide important decisions or aid in important tasks, and it is important that they be sufficiently dependable, but evidence shows that they frequently are not. For example, studies have shown that a large percentage of the spreadsheets created by end-users contain faults. Despite such evidence, until recently, relatively little research had been done to help end-users create more dependable software. We have been working to address this problem by finding ways to provide at least some of the benefits of formal software engineering techniques to end-user programmers. In this talk, focusing on the spreadsheet application paradigm, I present several of our approaches, focusing on methodologies that utilize source-code-analysis techniques to help end-users build more dependable spreadsheets. Behind the scenes, our methodologies use static analyses such as dataflow analysis and slicing, together with dynamic analyses such as execution monitoring, to support user tasks such as validation and fault localization. I show how, to accommodate the user base of spreadsheet languages, an interface to these methodologies can be provided in a manner that does not require an understanding of the theory behind the analyses, yet supports the interactive, incremental process by which spreadsheets are created. Finally, I present empirical results gathered in the use of our methodologies that highlight several costs and benefits trade-offs, and many opportunities for future work.