Flexibility in Airline Business Models with Core Competence as an Indicator.

The airline industry is often unstable and unpredictable forcing airlines to restructure and create flexible strategies that can respond to external operating environmental changes. In turbulent and competitive environments, firms with higher flexibility perform better and the value of these flexibilities depends on factors of uncertainty in the competitive environment. A model is sought for and arrived at, that shows how an airline business model will function in an uncertain environment with the least reduction in business performance over time. An analysis of the business model flexibility of 17 Airlines from Asia, Europe and Oceania, that is done with core competence as the indicator reveals a picture of inconsistencies in the core competence strategy of certain airlines and the corresponding reduction in business performance. The performance variations are explained from a service oriented core competence strategy employed by airlines that ultimately enables them in having a flexible business model that not only increases business performance but also helps in reducing the uncertainties in the internal and external operating environments.

Propuesta de un modelo y factores determinantes de la fragmentaci��n internacional de la producci��n en el sector autom��vil de Espa��a

Una de los rasgos m��s caracter��sticos de la presente globalizaci��n es el desarrollo de la fragmentaci��n de la producci��n, siendo esta, la divisi��n del proceso productivo en diferentes localizaciones a lo largo de varios pa��ses. Debido a la globalizaci��n de los mercados, al surgimiento de nuevas zonas econ��micas (Zona Euro, Nafta, Mercosur, etc.), a los pa��ses emergentes (China, India, Rusia, Brasil), a la reducci��n de los costes del transporte internacional y al desarrollo de las comunicaciones, ha provocado el incremento del comercio internacional en bienes intermedios, as�� como el dise��o, fabricaci��n y ensamblaje de un producto en diferentes localizaciones a lo largo de varios pa��ses. El incremento de la fragmentaci��n en el comercio internacional ha creado un inter��s por saber cuales son los factores determinantes de la misma en bienes intermedios. El indicador IITV es el utilizado para medir la fragmentaci��n de la producci��n entre Espa��a y sus 19 principales socios comerciales y varios factores sugeridos por la literatura en fragmentaci��n son utilizados en un rango de a��os desde el a��o 2004 al a��o 2008. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la gran mayor��a del comercio en bienes intermedios es IITV y los factores determinantes de la fragmentaci��n de la producci��n en el sector del autom��vil en Espa��a, son el tama��o del mercado, la pertenencia a UE, la distancia y el coeficiente de libre comercio.

Propuesta de un Modelo para la Gesti��n de los Neum��ticos de Una flota de Veh��culos

En la gesti��n de los neum��ticos de una flota de veh��culos el mejor ratio para ello es el coste del neum��tico dividido por las Horas o Km. realizados por el neum��tico, pero existen flotas de veh��culos que por sus caracter��sticas de uso no se puede realizar un seguimiento de las horas o Km. que realiza el neum��tico en su vida ��til ya que son veh��culos que son utilizados por un gran n��mero de conductores en diferentes turnos al d��a. Este tipo de flotas suelen operar en entornos urbanos y son: Veh��culos destinados a la limpieza viaria, recogida de basuras, mantenimiento de jardines, Polic��a, Guardia Civil, Bomberos etc. as�� tambi��n en menor medida flotas de empresas, renting de veh��culos, alquiler de veh��culos etc. por ello se propone un modelo de gesti��n de neum��ticos para una flota de veh��culos en los que no se puede hacer un seguimiento de las horas o kil��metros realizados por el neum��tico en su uso.

The secret to legal foretelling: generic and inter-generic aspects of vagueness in contracts, patents and regulations

In this genre analysis research paper, we compare U.S. patents, contracts, and regulations on technical matters with a focus upon the relation between vagueness and communicative purposes and subpurposes of these three genres. Our main interest is the investigation of intergeneric conventions across the three genres, based on the software analysis of three corpora (one for each genre, 1 million words per corpus). The result of the investigation is that intergeneric conventions are found at the level of types of expressed linguistic vagueness, but that intergeneric conventions at the level of actual formulations are rare. The conclusion is that at this latter level the influence from the situation type underlying the individual genre is more important than the overarching legal character of the genres, when we talk about introducing explicit vagueness in the text.

V��as para la sostenibilidad urbana en los inicicios del siglo XXI

El presente informe se ha redactado a modo de marco general para la revisi��n de la Agenda 21 M��laga y forma parte del bloque Territorio y configuraci��n de la ciudad, una de los cuatro ejes de trabajo en torno a los cuales est�� organizada la agenda, siendo los otros ejes Gesti��n de recursos, Cohesi��n social y desarrollo econ��mico y Gobierno de la ciudad. La totalidad de los informes redactados de cara a los trabajos de revisi��n pueden descargarse en la web de la Agenda 21 de M��laga. La presentaci��n p��blica del informe se llev�� a cabo dentro de la jornada de apertura del Foro 21 el d��a 21 de abril de 2014 en la sede del OMAU de M��lag

Conocimiento ciudadano e investigaci��n urban��stica

"No hay otro conocer urbano que la acci��n de la ciudadan��a". Casi bastar��a con replicar el contundente t��tulo que Mariano V��zquez Esp�� le puso a su magn��fica ponencia del a��o 2002103 para sintetizar el contenido de la siguiente reflexi��n, pues dicho t��tulo constituye en s�� mismo un programa y una declaraci��n de intenciones que suscribo en su totalidad. En su comunicaci��n, V��zquez Esp�� part��a de una reflexi��n epistemol��gica ("queremos conocer c��mo es que conocemos") para pasar a plantearse los "l��mites de la t��cnica" ante el dilema de la toma de decisiones en el marco de una realidad intr��nsecamente multidimensional en la que la obtenci��n de soluciones "viables" es matem��ticamente posible (mediante optimaci��n vectorial), pero no lo es la selecci��n entre todas las soluciones obtenidas, pues, como ��l planteaba: "��qui��n escoge? ��el t��cnico? ��el azar? ��hay diferencia?". Tras abordar el car��cter "polivalente" del "sujeto de la ciudad", y hacer hincapi�� en la necesidad de "perder el miedo al conflicto", la exposici��n culminaba con un alegato a favor de una democracia participativa que ayudase a "que los nuevos sujetos sociales acaben por construir su decisi��n colectiva".

Ecuadorian migration and family strategies of social mobility: dialectic relation between emotional and financial capital

This text deals with transnational strategies of social mobility in Ecuadorian migrant households in Spain. We apply the capital accumulation model (Moser, 2009) for this purpose. The main target of this article is, beyond thinking in terms of capital stock and accumulation, the analysis in depth of the dynamics of the different types of capital, that is to say, how they interact with each other in the framework of the social mobility strategies of the migrants and their families. We are bringing into light the way some households adopt investing decisions in capitals that don't translate into any addition or earnings in all cases, on the contrary, concentrating all their efforts on the accumulation of a certain asset they may, in some cases, lead to a loss of another. We will concentrate our analysis primarily on the dynamics between the physical and financial capital and the social and emotional capital, showing the tensions produced between these two types of assets. At the same time, we will highlight how migrants negotiate their family strategies of social mobility in the transnational area. Our study is based in empirical material obtained from qualitative fieldwork (in-depth interviews) with families of migrants in the urban district of Turubamba Bajo -(south of Quito) and in Madrid. A series of households were selected where interviews were carried out in the country of origin as well as in the context of immigration, with different family members, analysing the transnational social and economic strategies of families of migrant members. Family members of migrants established in Spain were interviewed in Quito, as well as key informants in the district (school teachers, nursery members of the staff, etc.). The research was framed within the projects "Impact of migration on the development: gender and transnationalism", Ministry of Science and Innovation (SEJ2007/63179) (Laura Oso, dir. 2007-2010),"Gender, transnationalism and intergenerational strategies of social mobility", Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (FEM2011/26210) (Laura Oso, dir. 201-1-2015) and ���Gender, Crossed Mobilities and Transnational Dynamics���, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (FEM2015-67164).

Migrant women���s employment in paid reproductive work through the crisis: the case of Italy (2007-2012)

Paid reproductive work, especially in the case of cleaning and home-care for elderly people, is an important sector for foreign women in Italy. For this reason, since the beginning of the current economic crisis, scholars have wondered about the impact of the recession on migrant domestic workers. They have looked particularly at possible competition with Italian women entering the sector for lack of better alternatives. Our paper takes this discussion a step further by assessing the overall changes affecting migrant women in the Italian labour market, 2007-2012. We will look at how their position has been transformed, by taking both an ethnic perspective, in relation to Italian women, and a gender perspective, in relation to migrant men. By way of a conclusion, the argument will be made that there is a substantial lack of competition between Italian and foreign women in the care and domestic sector due to differences in their earnings, hours of work and activities.

El concepto de ciudadan��a en la obra de Dominique Schnapper: entre el tipo ideal sociol��gico y el ideal de sociedad democr��tica

Este art��culo analiza la evoluci��n del concepto de ciudadan��a en la obra de Dominique Schnapper como uno de los ejemplos m��s destacados en la sociología contempor��nea de una aproximaci��n completa a la cuesti��n. A trav��s de un recorrido exhaustivo por su obra, el objetivo es profundizar en la comprensi��n de la tensi��n entre la din��mica democr��tica y la idea de ciudadan��a en cuanto que tipo ideal del v��nculo social y como principio regulador de las sociedades democr��ticas. La autora propone en sus primeros trabajos una noci��n de ciudadan��a vinculada al proceso pol��tico de construcci��n de la naci��n que no distingue entre la definici��n de un tipo ideal sociol��gico y la construcci��n de un ideal de sociedad. Esta confusi��n se corrige al introducir posteriormente en el an��lisis la incidencia de la democracia sobre las experiencias individuales de la ciudadan��a, aportando una perspectiva de an��lisis de gran utilidad tanto para la comprensi��n de la din��mica contempor��nea de las sociedades democr��ticas como para la necesaria defensa de la ciudadan��a como v��nculo social fundamental y como principio fundador de la legitimidad pol��tica.

Risk Consumption: Children and Online Gaming. The Problem of ���Responsible Gambling���

Online gambling is a popular activity among adolescents. However, there has been a notable increase in the number of young people who suffer or are on the verge of pathological gambling. We review the impact of online gambling on young people and discuss the desiderability of the concept of ���gambling responsibly��� in order to alert of their risks and effectively prevent access to minors. The main factors associated with pathological gambling are the age of start, the family environment, the infl uence of advertising, the consumption of stimulants, and the attitudes of the peer group. Both the government and the gaming industry itself should consider these factors and develop comprehensive plans that ensure a safe and controlled model game. In this context, advertising must take into account criteria of consumer protection knowing that even if they are not allowed, children can easily have access to online gambling. All agents involved, including public and social agents, must provide mechanisms for prevention and awareness of a problem that arouses little social consciousness and excessive carelessness.

Immigration in Spain: Integration with Feet of Clay?

The aim of the paper is to analyze the impact of the economic crisis on the integration of the immigrant population in Spain. The Spanish case is singular because during the years of intense immigration achieved a remarkable degree of socio-cultural integration. The paper argues that such integration it has been the result of the confluence of exceptional factors rather than the result of the policy making. From a mixed methodology approach, it shows that, during the period of expansion, two factors of the immigration contribute to their coexistence with native population: finding job and access to public services. But the economic crisis, with its impact in terms of job losses and austerity policies, expose the weaknesses of the Spanish model of integration.

Contemporary Transformations of the Relations between Politics, Culture and Religion in Western Europe. Some Notes on the Spanish Case

According to Tilly, two laws shaped the process of transformation undergone by Western European societies since the Peace of Westphalia until the end of the 20th century: their increasing inner homogenisation and their growing heterogeneity between them. Cultural inner homogenisation affected, fi rst, those ethnic groups living within the territories of the said states. The second phase of homogenisation impinged on those groups that immigrated after World War II. This process followed different models according to the country considered, but the 1973 oil crisis revealed their general lack of success. During the last quarter of the 20th century and onwards, these European societies have been altered by two progressive and contradictory global logics: a process of cultural homogenisation at the world level (rather than society level) and a process of cultural re-creation led by those groups with an immigrant background, who have reacted against their integration shortcomings by searching for new sources of social and personal esteem in their respective cultural and religious traditions. This paper seeks to clarify these processes from a social differentiation and political representation theory perspective. The latter becomes indispensable, as the said processes have happened in a context in which the structure of relations (i.e. communication) between civil society and the democratic political sphere have experienced a radical crisis. In this way, the complex relations that exist between civil society, culture, religion and politics in these Western European societies are depicted.