福建省基性岩的年代学和地球化学：晚中生代以来中国东南部地幔演化

中国东南部地处太平洋板块与欧亚板块的接合部位，其独特的地理位置和构造运动长期以来引起了地质学家的广泛关注。自印支运动以来，板内构造演化复杂而多样。最引人注目的无疑是燕山期广泛而强烈的构造一岩浆热事件。近年来随着研究的深入，逐渐凸显出两个重要的地质问题需要解决：（1）中国东南部晚中生代构造属性的转变时间及地球动力学演化过程；（2）多金属成矿作用与岩石圈伸展减薄及地壳拉张的关系。基于此，本文以中国东南部福建省的基性脉岩、岩体为研究对象，运用系统的矿物学、岩石学、岩石地球化学、同位素地球化学及同位素年代学证据，详细论述了晚中生代中国东南部板块俯冲、地慢演化、壳幔相互作用及岩石圈伸展减薄的地球动力学过程，探讨了地壳拉张期次在福建省区域构造上的响应。本研究主要获得以下几点认识：1、岱前山辉长岩体沿福建长乐一南澳大断裂带分布，侵位于沿海的绿片岩相和角闪岩相的变质岩中及内陆的中生代火山岩中。岩体的微量元素特征表现为与俯冲作用有关的岛弧特点。岱前山岩体由低程度部分熔融形成（约7％），伴有角闪石、单斜辉石的分离结晶作用和斜长石的堆晶作用。时间上与古太平洋板块低角度一歪斜俯冲、晚中生代的变质事件、平潭一东山变质带抬升和长乐一南澳剪切带运动在时间上基本一致。岩体是受俯冲流体交代的上地慢，经部分熔融沿长乐一南澳断裂一应力转换带侵入。它与中国东南部出露的其它基性岩同源，但未受到地壳的混染作用。2、闽南茅坪一晒鞍角基性侵入体具独特的地球化学属性，表现为高Al2O3、CoO、MnO，低FeOT、MgO、TiO2含量，富集轻稀土元素（LREE）和大离子亲石元素（LILE），并具正的Pb异常和负的Ti异常；Sr-Nd-Pb同位素结果显示，该基性岩有EM2组分的参与。模拟计算表明，该基性岩墙群是尖晶石二辉橄榄岩地慢5-15％部分熔融的产物；微量元素配分模式及理论模拟表明茅坪一晒鞍角基性岩体的地慢源区在熔融前曾受到1％俯冲沉积物熔体的源区混染和5％流体交代作用。基性岩浆在上升过程中还受到10％左右的地壳物质的混染作用，导致该区基性岩富放射成因Sr、Pb同位素。3、福建省晚中生代基性脉岩富Al2O3（14.0-20.4 wt%）、CaO（4.09-12.7wt％）。按地球化学特征可分为两组：第一组脉岩具较低稀土总量（53.8-145.5μg／g）和平缓的稀土配分模式L（La/Yb）n=1.68-4.651，而第二组脉岩的稀土总量较高（63-247μg／g），且轻稀土富集［（La/Yb）n＝4.63-19］。在原始地慢标准化图解上，第一组脉岩显示Pb的正异常和Ti负异常，无Nb、Ta异常，而第二组脉岩显示明显的Nb一Ta一Ti负异常和Pb正异常。两组脉岩经历了不同的源区混合和陆壳混染过程，第一组脉岩显示了以陆壳混染为主的地球化学过程，不具有岛弧特点的微量元素配分模式表明该类基性岩的地慢源区可能未受俯冲作用过程影响，第二组脉岩的岛弧地球化学特点暗示该类基性岩地慢源区是经俯冲作用改造过的富集岩石圈地慢。第一组基性脉岩来源于石榴石一尖晶石二辉橄榄岩地慢，而第二组脉岩来源于尖晶石或尖晶石一斜长石二辉橄榄岩地慢。地球化学数据显示，不同类型的地慢存在不均一性，反映了不同程度的交代作用或不同量俯冲沉积物的加入。福建省晚中生代基性脉岩产生于拉张构造背景，与岩石圈的伸展减薄及软流圈的上涌紧密联系；4、福建省基性脉岩的同位素特征显示，第一组脉岩具较高的143Na／144Nd，第二组脉岩的143Nd／144Nd较低；Th/Nd、Ba/La比值及理论模拟结果表明，第二组脉岩可能受到流体交代和俯冲沉积物的源区混合作用，而第一组脉岩基本未受俯冲组分（沉积物＋流体）的改造。地壳混染对两组脉岩可能起着重要的作用。EC-AFC理论模拟表明，福建省基性脉岩在上升过程中受到前寒武纪变质岩的影响，这种混染作用在一定程度上改变了同位素组成。因此，福建省晚中生代基性脉岩的地球化学特点是太平洋板块俯冲与壳慢相互作用共同作用的结果；5、K-Ar年龄结果表明，出露于福建省的基性脉岩年龄具周期性分布，表现为五个周期：70-75Ma士，85 Ma士，105-110Ma，125Ma士和135-140Ma。这与前人的研究结果基本一致，表明福建省与中国东南部区域上有相似的地壳拉张期次。K-Ar年龄主要集中分布在14OMa→65Ma之间，这表明：①140M。限定了中国东南部岩石圈伸展作用开始的下限，也就是说中国东南部晚中生代的岩石圈伸展至少开始于140Ma左 右，而并非90Ma；②标志着中国东南部大规模拉张作用的开始，表明构造属性由令挤压为主转变为以拉张作用为主。

Environmental change and Tephra Deposition: The Strath of Kildonan, Northern Scotland

Charman, D. West, S. Kelly, A. Grattan, J. environmental change and Tephra Deposition: the strath of Kildonan, Northern Scotland. Journal of Archaeological Science. 1995. 22 pp 799-809

The Newgate Novel and Sensation Fiction 1830-1868

Pykett, Lyn. 'The Newgate Novel and Sensation Fiction 1830-1868', In: The Cambridge Companion to Crime fiction (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), pp.19-39 RAE2008

Wilkie Collins

Pykett, L. (2005). Wilkie Collins. Authors in Context Series. Oxford: Oxford University Press. RAE2008

Women writing woman: representations of gender and sexuality

Pykett, Lyn. 'Women writing woman: representations of gender and sexuality', In: Women and literature in Britain 1800 - 1900 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), pp.78-98, 2008. RAE2008

Komizm w teorii i praktyce antycznej powieści greckiej

The topic of the study entitled humour in the ancient greek novels: the theoretical conceptions and the lite- rary practice is significance of humour in ancient Greek novels. In the first part of this study the theoretical aspects are examined with reference to the conceptions of contemporary researchers of Greek novels. The influence of the humour on the character of the world presented in particular novels is considered in the second part of the article.

Prehistoric burnt mound archaeology in Ireland

It is apparent from the widespread distribution of burnt mounds that Ireland was the most prolific user of pyrolithic technology in Bronze Age Europe. Even though burnt mounds are the most common prehistoric site type in Ireland, they have not received the same level of research as other prehistoric sites. This is primarily due to the paucity of artefact finds and the unspectacular nature of the archaeological remains, compounded by the absence of an appropriate research framework. Due to the widespread use of the technology and the various applications of hot water, narratives related to these sites have revolved around discussions of age and function. This has resulted in a generalised classification, where the term ‘fulacht fia’ covers several site types that have similar features but differing functions and age. The study presents a re-evaluation of fulachtaí fia in light of some 1000 sites excavated in Ireland. This is the most comprehensive study undertaken on the use of pyrolithic technology in prehistoric Ireland, dealing with different aspects of site function, chronology, social role and cultural context. A number of key areas have been identified in relation to our understanding of these sites. Previous investigations of burnt mounds have provided little information on the temporality of individual sites. It has been established that appropriate sampling strategies can provide important information about the formation of individual sites, their relationships to each other and to other monuments in the same cultural landscape. The evidence suggests that considerable caution should be exercised with regard to certain single radiometric dates from burnt stone deposits, based on the degree of certainty of the dated sample and its association with pyrolithic activity. Previously regarded as Bronze Age in date, there are now numerous examples of pyrolithic-type processes in earlier contexts, with the origins of the water-boiling phenomenon now considered to be Early Neolithic. A review of recent excavation evidence provides new insights into the use of pyrolithic technology for cooking. This is based on the discovery of faunal remains at several sites, combined with insights gained through experimental studies. The model proposed here is of open-air communal feasting and food sharing hosted by small family groups, as a medium for social bonding and the construction of community. It is also argued that if cooking was the primary activity taken place at these sites, this should not be viewed as a mundane functional activity, but rather one that actively contributed to the constitution of social relations. The formality of the technology is also supported by the presence of possible specialised structures, some of which were used for cooking/feasting while others were for ritualised sweat-bathing. The duration and frequency of activities associated with burnt mounds and the opportunities they provided for social interaction suggest that these sites contributed some familiar frames of reference to contemporary discourse.

A qualitative analysis of parental coping with an early diagnosis of hearing loss in Ireland

The recent implementation of Universal Neonatal Hearing Screening (UNHS) in all 19 maternity hospitals across Ireland has precipitated early identification of paediatric hearing loss in an Irish context. This qualitative, grounded theory study centres on the issue of parental coping as families receive and respond to (what is typically) an unexpected diagnosis of hearing loss in their newborn baby. Parental wellbeing is of particular concern as the diagnosis occurs in the context of recovery from birth and at a time when the parent-child relationship is being established. As the vast majority of children with a hearing loss are born into hearing families with no prior history of deafness, parents generally have had little exposure to childhood hearing loss and often experience acute emotional vulnerability as they respond to the diagnosis. The researcher conducted in-depth interviews primarily with parents (and to a lesser extent with professionals), as well as a follow-up postal questionnaire for parents. Through a grounded theory analysis of data, the researcher subsequently fashioned a four-stage model depicting the parental journey of receiving and coping with a diagnosis. The four stages (entitled Anticipating, Confirming, Adjusting and Normalising) are differentiated by the chronology of service intervention and defined by the overarching parental experience. Far from representing a homogenous trajectory, this four-stage model is multifaceted and captures a wide diversity of parental experiences ranging from acute distress to resilient hopefulness

Cronología de inundaciones y sequías en la depresión del Salado

p.35-45

Isotopic Abundances Of Lead In Estuarine Sediments Swansea Bay Bristol Channel

A historical record for the deposition of lead in Swansea Bay, Bristol Channel, U.K. has been determined together with isotopic compositions. Analysis of the isotopic composition of lead in cores, dated by 210Pb-210Po chronology, illustrated a post ~ 1850 influx of lead originating from technically produced materials. Since ~ 1850 there has been a × 3 increase of lead in sediments of which only 25–30% can be accounted for from technical sources; the remainder is presumed to be derived from working of the South Wales Coal Measures.

Pinus and Prostomis: a dendrochronological and palaeoentomological study of a study of a mid-Holocene woodland in Eastern England

Tree-ring analysis of sub-fossil Pinus sylvestris L. and Quercus sp. and their associated sub-fossil insect assemblages from tree rot holes have been used to study a prehistoric forest buried in the basal peats at Tyrham Hall Quarry, Hatfield Moors SSSI, in the Humberhead Levels, eastern England. The site provided a rare opportunity to examine the date, composition, age structure and entomological biodiversity of a mid-Holocene Pinus-dominated forest. The combined approaches of dendrochronology and palaeoentomology have enabled a detailed picture of the forest to be reconstructed, within a precise time frame. The Pinus chronology has been precisely dated to 2921- 2445 BC against the English Quercus master curve and represents the first English Pinus chronology to be dendrochronologically dated. A suite of important xylophilous (wood-loving) beetles that are today very rare and four species that no longer live within the British Isles were also recovered, their disappearance associated with the decline in woodland habitats as well as possible climate change. The sub-fossil insects indicate that the characteristic species of the site's modern-day fauna were already in place 4000 years ago. These findings have important implications in terms of maintaining long-term invertebrate biodiversity of mire sites.

Radiocarbon calibration in the Anglo-Saxon period: AD 495-725

Radiocarbon dating has been rarely used for chronological problems relating to the Anglo-Saxon period. The "flatness" of the calibration curve and the resultant wide range in calendrical dates provide little advantage over traditional archaeological dating in this period. Recent advances in Bayesian methodology have, however, created the possibility of refining and checking the established chronologies, based on typology of artifacts, against 14C dates. The calibration process, within such a confined age range, however, relies heavily on the structural accuracy of the calibration curve. We have therefore re-measured, at decadal intervals, a section of the Irish oak chronology for the period AD 495–725. These measurements have been included in IntCal04.

Peat multi-proxy data from Mannikjarve bog as indicators of late Holocene climate changes in Estonia

As part of a wider project on European climate change over the past 4500 years, a 4.5-m peat core was taken from a lawn microform on Mannikjarve bog, Estonia. Several methods were used to yield proxy-climate data: (i) a quadrat and leaf-count method for plant macrofossil data, (ii) testate amoebae analysis, and (iii) colorimetric determination of peat humification. These data are provided with an exceptionally high resolution and precise chronology. Changes in bog surface wetness were inferred using Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) and zonation of macrofossil data, particularly concerning the occurrence of Sphagnum balticum, and a transfer function for water-table depth for testate amoebae data. Based on the results, periods of high bog surface wetness appear to have occurred at c. 3100, 3010-2990, 2300, 1750-1610, 1510, 14 10, 1110, 540 and 3 10 cal. yr BP, during four longer periods between c. 3170 and 2850 cal. yr BP, 2450 and 2000 cal. yr BP, 1770 and 1530 cal. yr BP and in the period from 880 cal. yr BP until the present. In the period between 1770 and 1530 cal. yr BP. the extension or initiation of a hollow microtope occurred, which corresponds with other research results from Mannikjarve bog. This and other changes towards increasing bog surface wetness may be the responses to colder temperatures and the predominance of a more continental climate in the region, which favoured the development of bog microdepressions and a complex bog microtopography. Located in the border zone of oceanic and continental climatic sectors, in an area almost without land uplift, this study site may provide valuable information about changes in palaeohydrological and palaeoclimatological conditions in the northern parts of the eastern Baltic Sea region.

The Preboreal climate reversal and a subsequent solar-forced climate shift

Accurate chronologies are essential for linking palaeoclimate archives. Carbon-14 wiggle-match dating was used to produce an accurate chronology for part of an early Holocene peat sequence from the Borchert (The Netherlands). Following the Younger Dryas-Preboreal transition, two climatic shifts could be inferred. Around 11 400 cal. yr BP the expansion of birch (Betula) forest was interrupted by a dry continental phase with dominantly open grassland vegetation, coeval with the PBO (Preboreal Oscillation), as observed in the GRIP ice core. At 11 250 cal. yr BP a sudden shift to a humid climate occurred. This second change appears to be contemporaneous with: (i) a sharp increase of atmospheric C-14; (ii) a temporary decline of atmospheric CO2; and (iii) an increase in the GRIP Be-10 flux. The close correspondence with excursions of cosmogenic nuclides points to a decline in solar activity, which may have forced the changes in climate and vegetation at around 11 250 cal. yr BP. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.

Late Holocene climatic changes in Tierra del Fuego based on multiproxy analyses of peat deposits

A ca. 1400-yr record from a raised bog in Isla Grande, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina, registers climate fluctuations, including a Medieval Warm Period, although evidence for the 'Little Ice Age' is less clear. Changes in temperature and/or precipitation were inferred from plant macrofossils, pollen, fungal spores, testate amebae, and peat humification. The chronology was established using a C-14 wiggle-matching technique that provides improved age control for at least part of the record compared to other sites. These new data are presented and compared with other lines of evidence from the Southern and Northern Hemispheres. A period of low local water tables occurred in the bog between A.D. 960-1020, which may correspond to the Medieval Warm Period date range of A.D. 950-1045 generated from Northern Hemisphere tree-ring data. A period of cooler and/or wetter conditions was detected between ca. A.D. 1030 and I 100 and a later period of cooler/wetter conditions estimated at ca. cal A.D. 1800-1930, which may correspond to a cooling episode inferred from Law Dome, Antarctica. (C) 2004 University of Washington. All rights reserved.