University of Michigan Men's Basketball Team, 1932

Back Row: trainer Ray Roberts, asst. coach Franklin Cappon, James Garner, Girard Ricketts, asst. coach Bennie Oosterbaan, mngr. Harvey Rasmussen

Front Row: Henry Weiss, Raymond Altenhof, Robert Petrie, Norman Daniels, Ivan Williamson, DeForest Eveland, Alex Shaw

UM Women's Swimming Team, 1991

Back Row: head coach Jim Richardson, Karen Sinclair, Judy Barto, Chrissi Rawak, Missy McCracken, Mindy Gehrs, Tara Higgins, Kathy Winkel, Kathy Deibler, Vallery Hyduk, Jennifer Zakrajsek, Kathleen Hegarty, Karen Barnes, Cinnamon Woods, grad. asst. Ann Colloton, asst. coach Pete Hickman, grad asst. Anna Martens

Middle Row: asst. coach Margo Mahoney, Lisa Cribari, Julie Schnorberger, Jenny Sutton, Lisa Anderson, Kate Girard, Amy Bohnert, Nicole Williamson, Ann Louise Francis, Sandy Smith, Stephanie Munson, Martha Wenzel, diving coach Dick Kimball

Front Row: Molly Hegarty, Heather Ross, Margie Stoll, Julie Greyer, Whitney Scherer, Minoo Gupta, Michelle Swix, Jennifer Love, Claudia Vieira, Caren Henry

UM Women's Swimming Team, 1992

Front Row: Amy Bohnert, Claudia Vieira, Katherine Creighton, Julie Greyer, Jennifer Love, Michelle Swix, Lisa Cribari, Lisa Anderson, Nicole Williamson, Missy McCracken, Mindy Gehrs

Middle Row: diving coach Dick Kimball, asst. coach Margo Mahoney, Jennifer Almeida, Alecia Humphrey, Karen Sinclair, Stephanie Munson, Karen Barnes, Judy Barto, Vallery Hyduk, Kate Girard, Kirsten Silvester, Martha Wenzel, Cinnamon Woods,

Back Row: head coach Jim Richardson, Kim Hart, Erin O'Connor, Karen Todd, Tara Higgins, Jennifer Zakrasjek, An Louise Francis, Jennifer Abell, Melissa McLean, Jenny Sutton, Melissa Harris, Kathleen Hegarty, Katherine Zarse, Lara Hooiveld, asst. coach Sam Jalet

Argument of Horace Binney, Esq., in the case of Vidal v. the city of Philadelphia : in the Supreme Court of the United States, February, 1844.

Cover title: Charitable uses; argument of Horace Binney.

Beautés de l'histoire du Pérou, ou, Tableau des événemens qui se sont passés dans ce grand empire; son origine ... la véritable époque de sa découverte et de son nom; sa religion, ses prêtres, ses Incas; ses révolutions; ses mœurs ...

Mode of access: Internet.

Instruction sur les paratonnerres /

"Signé, Poisson, Lefèvre-Gineau, Girard, Dulong, Fresnel, et Gay-Lussac, rapporteur"--p. 51.

Addresses and letters of travel,

"Tributes to Stephen G. Nye": p. [35]-56.

Americans by adoption; brief biographies of great citizens born in foreign lands,

Stephen Girard.--John Ericsson.--Louis Agassiz.--Carl Schurz.--Theodore Thomas.--Andrew Carnegie.--James J. Hill.--Augustus Saint-Gaudens.--Jacob A. Riis.

Les engrais.

Mode of access: Internet.

Collection intégrale et universelle des orateurs sacrés du premier et du second ordre ... et collection intégrale, ou choisie de la plupart des orateurs du troisième ordre ... Publiée, selon l'ordre chronologique /

Vol. 68-99 called 2. série, with duplicate volume numbering from 1-32.

Briefe über Alexander von Humboldt's Kosmos. Ein commentar zu diesem werke für gebildete laien.

1. th. and 3. th., 1-2 abth.: Bearb. von Bernhard Cotta.

Animal visual systems and the evolution of color patterns: Sensory processing illuminates signal evolution

Animal color pattern phenotypes evolve rapidly. What influences their evolution? Because color patterns are used in communication, selection for signal efficacy, relative to the intended receiver's visual system, may explain and predict the direction of evolution. We investigated this in bowerbirds, whose color patterns consist of plumage, bower structure, and ornaments and whose visual displays are presented under predictable visual conditions. We used data on avian vision, environmental conditions, color pattern properties, and an estimate of the bowerbird phylogeny to test hypotheses about evolutionary effects of visual processing. Different components of the color pattern evolve differently. Plumage sexual dimorphism increased and then decreased, while overall (plumage plus bower) visual contrast increased. The use of bowers allows relative crypsis of the bird but increased efficacy of the signal as a whole. Ornaments do not elaborate existing plumage features but instead are innovations (new color schemes) that increase signal efficacy. Isolation between species could be facilitated by plumage but not ornaments, because we observed character displacement only in plumage. Bowerbird color pattern evolution is at least partially predictable from the function of the visual system and from knowledge of different functions of different components of the color patterns. This provides clues to how more constrained visual signaling systems may evolve.

Habitat type and density influence vocal signal design in satin bowerbirds

This study provided a thorough test of the acoustic adaptation hypothesis using a within-species comparison of call structure involving a wide range of habitat types, an objective measure of habitat density and direct measures of habitat-related attenuation. The structure of the bower advertisement call of the satin bowerbird was measured in 16 populations from throughout the species' range and related to the habitat type and density at each site. Transmission of white noise, pure tones and different bowerbird dialects was measured in five of six habitat types inhabited by satin bowerbirds. Bowerbird advertisement call structure converged in similar habitats but diverged among different habitats; this pattern was apparent at both continent-wide and local geographical scales. Bowerbirds' call structures differed with changes in habitat density, consistent with the acoustic adaptation hypothesis. Lower frequencies and less frequency modulation were utilized in denser habitats such as rainforest and higher frequencies and more frequency modulation were used in the more open eucalypt-dominated habitats. The white noise and pure tone transmission measurements indicated that different habitats varied in their sound transmission properties in a manner consistent with the observed variation in satin bowerbird vocalizations. There was no effect of geographical proximity of recording locations, nor was there the predicted inverse relationship between frequency and body size. These findings indicate that the transmission qualities of different habitats have had a major influence on variation in vocal phenotypes in this species. In addition, previously published molecular data for this species suggest that there is no effect of genetic relatedness on call similarity among satin bowerbird populations.

Offspring size effects mediate competitive interactions in a colonial marine invertebrate

Over the past 30 years, numerous attempts to understand the relationship between offspring size and fitness have been made, and it has become clear that this critical relationship is strongly affected by environmental heterogeneity. For marine invertebrates, there has been a long-standing interest in the evolution of offspring size, but there have been very few empirical and theoretical examinations of post-metamorphic offspring size effects, and almost none have considered the effect of environmental heterogeneity on the offspring size/fitness relationship. We investigated the post-metamorphic effects of offspring size in the field for the colonial marine invertebrate Botrylloides violaceus. We also examined how the relationship between offspring size and performance was affected by three different types of intraspecific competition. We found strong and persistent effects of offspring size on survival and growth, but these effects depended on the level and type of intraspecific competition.. Generally, competition strengthened the advantages of increasing maternal investment. Interestingly, we found that offspring size determined the outcome of competitive interaction: juveniles that had more maternal investment were more likely to encroach on another juvenile's territory. This suggests that mothers have the previously unrecognized potential to influence the outcome of competitive interactions in benthic marine invertebrates. We created a simple optimality model, which utilized the data generated from our field experiments, and found that increasing intraspecific competition resulted in an increase,in predicted optimal size. Our results suggest that the relationship between offspring size and fitness is highly variable in the marine environment and strongly dependent on the density of conspecifics.

Imitating the neighbours: vocal dialect matching in a mimic-model system

Vocal mimicry provides a unique system for investigating song learning and cultural evolution in birds. Male lyrebirds produce complex vocal displays that include extensive and accurate mimicry of many other bird species. We recorded and analysed the songs of the Albert's lyrebird (Menura alberti) and its most commonly imitated model species, the satin bowerbird (Ptilonorhynchus violaceus), at six sites in southeast Queensland, Australia. We show that each population of lyrebirds faithfully reproduces the song of the local population of bowerbirds. Within a population, lyrebirds show less variation in song structure than the available variation in the songs of the models. These results provide the first quantitative evidence for dialect matching in the songs of two species that have no direct ecological relationship.