959 resultados para Cana-de-açúcar - Plantio


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Este estudo analisa os fatores, as tendências e as fundamentações jurídico-ideológicas que permeiam as decisões judiciais em Ações Civis Públicas, impetradas pelo Ministério Público do Estado de São Paulo (MPSP) e Federal (MPF), requerendo a proibição imediata da queima da palha de cana-de-açúcar, na região de Piracicaba/SP. Para isso, foram levantadas, junto aos órgãos jurisdicionais da cidade de Piracicaba, as Ações Civis Públicas impetradas em face de grandes usinas e agropecuárias dedicadas ao cultivo e industrialização da cana-de-açúcar, requerendo a proibição da queima da palha na lavoura desde o advento da Lei nº 7.347 de 1985 até 2014, ano em que finalizou-se a pesquisa empírica desta dissertação. Nesses padrões, a pesquisa arrojou a existência de quatro processos, dos quais foram extraídas para análise a totalidade de vinte-e-um (21) manifestações judiciais. O marco teórico-metodológico empregado foi a abordagem marxista da filosofia da linguagem, perspectiva capaz de proporcionar uma fecunda imersão não só no que se diz, mas nas condições de produção desse dizer, valorizando a função socioideológica da palavra, permitindo vislumbrar a visão social de mundo de quem a emprega ou do grupo social ao qual o autor pode ou não pertencer (VOLOCHINOV,1929; GOLDMANN, 1979). Conclui-se que, nos pleitos judiciais pela proibição imediata da queima da cana-de-açúcar em Piracicaba/SP, o Poder Judiciário se mostra majoritariamente conservador, arguindo e decidindo pela continuidade da prática em evidente defesa do setor sucroalcooleiro. No entanto, se reconhece a importância do tímido mas importante viés progressista por parte do judiciário, uma vez que somente nas contradições presentes nas diferentes práxis jurídicas pode avançar-se no processo permanente de construção de um direito comprometido com a obtenção de igualdade e justiça social.

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A digestão anaeróbia é uma alternativa para o tratamento de resíduos com altas concentrações de matéria orgânica. Por meio dos processos anaeróbios é possível a produção de biogás, fonte de energia renovável e ambientalmente amigável. Elevadas concentrações de lipídios, todavia, apesar de representarem elevado potencial metanogênico, interferem negativamente nos sistemas de tratamento, podendo inibir a atividade microbiana e, consequentemente, a produção de metano. O presente projeto avaliou o efeito da adição de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar no processo de biodigestão anaeróbia de elevadas concentrações de gorduras advindas de efluentes de laticínio. Para tanto foi utilizado bagaço de cana-de-açúcar in natura e pré-tratadas pelos seguintes métodos: organossolve, hidrotérmico, explosão à vapor e ácido diluído. O uso desse material lignocelulósico teve o objetivo de controlar a inibição causada pelos produtos da hidrólise dos lipídios por meio de sua adsorção e, consequentemente, diminuição das concentrações de tais compostos no meio. Outra hipótese era que o bagaço de cana-de-açúcar pudessem agir como co-substrato no processo de biodigestão anaeróbia. Inicialmente realizaram-se ensaios de biodegradabilidade anaeróbia com concentrações crescentes de gordura, que resultaram em relação entre substrato e microrganismo 0,06, 0,1, 0,2, 0,4 e 0,6 g DQO/gSTV. O ensaio com concentração em que foi verificada a inibição severa (0,4 gDQO/gSTV) do processo foi repetido com adição das fibras tratadas e não tratadas. Aos dados de produção acumulada de metano ajustou-se modelo de Gompertz, e parâmetros cinéticos foram inferidos. O bagaço de cana-de-açúcar mostrou potencial como adsorvente de gordura, pois as produções metanogênicas foram superiores à condição inibida sem adição desse material. A adição de fibras pré-tratadas por método organossolve resultou nas maiores produções de metano.

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O desenvolvimento tecnológico deixa cada vez mais acirrada a disputa por novos mercados e a criação de novos campos de trabalho, enquanto outros são extintos, gerando também um impacto paradoxalmente negativo. Diante desse contexto, surge o questionamento: o que fazer com a mão de obra dos rurícolas que perderam seus postos de trabalho devido à mecanização do corte da cana-de-açúcar? Assim, o presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a tomada de decisão da Destilaria S/A referente à Lei Estadual n. 11.241, de São Paulo, que dispõe a respeito da mecanização da colheita da cana-de-açúcar, observando as ações da empresa referentes aos postos de trabalho que serão extintos com essa mecanização. Para tanto, foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica e aplicados 100 questionários estruturados para os rurícolas e 1 questionário para o gestor da empresa pesquisada, no qual se observou que a empresa está desenvolvendo projetos sociais de capacitação aos rurícolas, para os realocar em outros cargos na empresa, contribuindo, dessa forma, para diminuir os impactos negativos dessa tecnologia.

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The sustainable use of waste resulting from the agribusiness is currently the focus of research, especially the sugar cane bagasse (BCA), being the lignocellulosic waste produced in greater volume in the Brazilian agribusiness, where the residual biomass has been applied in production energy and bioproducts. In this paper, pulp was produced in high purity from the (BCA) by pulping soda / anthraquinone and subsequent conversion to cellulose acetate. Commercial cellulose Avicel was used for comparison. The obtained cellulose acetate was homogeneous acetylation reaction by modifying the variables, the reaction time in hours (8, 12, 16, 20 and 24) and temperature in ° C (25 and 50). FTIR spectra showed characteristic bands identical to cellulosic materials, demonstrating the efficiency of separation by pulping. The characterization of cellulose acetate was obtained and by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TG / DTG / DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and determining the degree of substitution (DS ) for the cellulose acetate to confirm the acetylation. The optimal reaction time for obtaining diacetates and triacetates, at both temperatures were 20 and 24 h. Cellulose acetate produced BCA presented GS between 2.57 and 2.7 at 25 ° C and 50 ° C GS obtained were 2.66 and 2.84, indicating the actual conversion of cellulose BCA of di- and triacetates. Comparative mode, commercial cellulose Avicel GS showed 2.78 and 2.76 at 25 ° C and 2.77 to 2.75 at 50 ° C. Data were collected in time of 20 h and 24 h, respectively. The best result was for the synthesis of cellulose acetate obtained from the BCA GS 2.84 to 50 ° C and 24 hours, being classified as cellulose triacetate, which showed superior result to that produced with the commercial ethyl cellulose Avicel, demonstrating converting potential of cellulose derived from a lignocellulosic residue (BCA), low cost, prospects of commercial use of cellulose acetate

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq

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The sugarcane is a monocot plant grown in tropical and subtropical regions, with Brazil being the largest producer. Despite its economic importance, little is known about the molecular flowering process in sugarcane. This physiological process can promote a loss up to 60% in sugar or bioethanol. Thus, this work had as objective characterize a HINT1 homologous gene previously identified in subtractive libraries of flowering. Genomic analysis of gene and promoter region structure allowed the observation that there are at least two distinct genes homologous to HINT on sugarcane. Bioinformatics analyses showed the conservation of the characteristic protein domain of HIT superfamily and indicate a phylogenetic relationship associated to cell location. Moreover, a possible relation with the SBTILISIN-like protein family through the information available in interatomas was observed. This suggests that the HINT gene of sugarcane can be related to plant development, there are several possibilities of interactions in the regulation of floral induction process, because the sequences present in regulatory regions indicate that differential expression of HINT was related to with climatic factors in the Northeast region of Brazil as well as to biotic stress and phytohormones. Furthermore, the sugarcane phenotypes indicate that the influence of HINT may happen due to product accumulation of its enzymatic activity. For these characteristics this gene can be used as a marker in the selection of new varieties.

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The present study aims to evaluate the potential use of bagasse ash from sugar cane (CBC) as a flux, replacing phyllite and/or feldspar in standard industrial mass production of enameled porcelain, verifying the possibility of the CBC contribute to the overall reduction of the coefficient of thermal expansion of the ceramic mass. To this end, as a result of the research, we characterized the raw material components of the standard mass (clay, phyllite, kaolin, feldspar, quartz and talc) and the residue of BCC, by testing by XRF, XRD, AG, DTA and ATG. Specimens (CDP) were manufactured in the dimensions of 100 mm x 50 mm x 8 mm in uniaxial matrix under compaction pressure of 33 MPa, assembled in batches of 3 units subsequently sintered at temperatures of 1150°C to 1210°C by varying the Rating Scale at 10°C, heating and cooling ramp of 50°C/min and 25°C/min, with levels of 1 min, 3 min, 5 min, 8 min, 10 min, 15 min, 30 min and 60 min. analyzing the results of the physical properties of water absorption (WA), linear firing shrinkage (LFS), dilatometric analysis (DTA), flexural strain (SFT) and SEM of the sintered bodies in order to verify the adequacy of CDP to ISO 13006, ISO 10545, NBR 13816 standards; NBR 13817 and NBR 13818. The study showed that the formulations that best suit the requirements of the standards are:. G4 - which was applied in 10% of replacing the CBC phyllite, sintering temperature 1210 ° C for 10 min and porch, and F3 - with application of 7.5% of CBC to replace the feldspar in the sintering temperatures of 1190°C, 1200°C and 1210°C for 10 min and porch. These formulations showed better performance regarding the formation of primary and secondary mullite, with considerable reduction of cracks and pores, meeting the prerequisites of standards for glazed porcelain. The results shows that the use of the CBC as a flux in the preparation of porcelain mass meets standard parameters for the manufacture of the product, and thereby can reduce environmental impact and the cost of production. Therefore, it is recommended to use this residue in the ceramics industry, due to its industrial, commercial and collaborative viability for sustainability.

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Sugarcane is an important culture for Brazil that holds almost half of all worldwide productivity. Plants face many challenges, because of biotic and abiotic stresses presents in the production field, which could prevent plants from reaching their genetic potential. As consequence, those stresses can generate Reactive Oxygen Species – ROS – that can cause damages on DNA. Another consequence of stress is the early-flowering process, which contributes for a reduction on yield. In this context, the aim of this work is to characterize ScMUTM1 and ScMUTM2, two DNA glycosylases belonging to base excision repair pathway; and identify genes potentially related to stress and DNA repair in two sugarcane cultivars with contrasting flowering phenotypes. The characterization of the DNA glycosylases included the construction of vector to over express the recombinant proteins ScMUTM1 and ScMUTM2; they will be used in a near future to purification of these proteins and use in enzymatic assays. It was also made a phylogenetic reconstruction of this gene in plants and analysis of its promoter. With the phylogenetic analysis, it is possible to observe the presence of these genes grouped inside a branch with monocots and another one with dicots. This suggests that the duplication of this gene probably occurred after the separation of these two groups. The analysis of the promotor of MUTM shows of the presence of stress-related regulatory motifs at ScMUTM2 promoter, when compared with ScMUTM1. This may suggests that ScMUTM1 might be suffering sub functionalization process. After the analysis of microarrays data, it is observed an up-regulation from some stress-related genes in one of the conditions analyzed, related to early flowering process.

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Sugarcane is an important culture for Brazil that holds almost half of all worldwide productivity. Plants face many challenges, because of biotic and abiotic stresses presents in the production field, which could prevent plants from reaching their genetic potential. As consequence, those stresses can generate Reactive Oxygen Species – ROS – that can cause damages on DNA. Another consequence of stress is the early-flowering process, which contributes for a reduction on yield. In this context, the aim of this work is to characterize ScMUTM1 and ScMUTM2, two DNA glycosylases belonging to base excision repair pathway; and identify genes potentially related to stress and DNA repair in two sugarcane cultivars with contrasting flowering phenotypes. The characterization of the DNA glycosylases included the construction of vector to over express the recombinant proteins ScMUTM1 and ScMUTM2; they will be used in a near future to purification of these proteins and use in enzymatic assays. It was also made a phylogenetic reconstruction of this gene in plants and analysis of its promoter. With the phylogenetic analysis, it is possible to observe the presence of these genes grouped inside a branch with monocots and another one with dicots. This suggests that the duplication of this gene probably occurred after the separation of these two groups. The analysis of the promotor of MUTM shows of the presence of stress-related regulatory motifs at ScMUTM2 promoter, when compared with ScMUTM1. This may suggests that ScMUTM1 might be suffering sub functionalization process. After the analysis of microarrays data, it is observed an up-regulation from some stress-related genes in one of the conditions analyzed, related to early flowering process.

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A aguardente de cana é uma bebida de grande importância económica para Cabo Verde, mais concretamente para as ilhas de Santiago, Brava, Nicolau e S. Antão, que apresentam boas condições climáticas para a produção de cana. O consumo tem vindo a crescer em todas as classes sociais e tem a pretensão de conquistar o mercado internacional. Mas isso gera dificuldades para os produtores de aguardente, que muitas vezes enfrentam barreiras para entrar no mercado externo, principalmente devido à qualidade do produto e à falta de padronização desta bebida. Este trabalho teve como objectivo obter uma identidade e qualidade padrão da aguardente de cana em Cabo Verde, portanto, fizeram-se 5 destilados na ESTM os quais foram avaliados sensorialmente quanto à padronização do produto e também quanto à qualidade através de comparação com duas aguardentes feitas por produtores cabo-verdianos. Para isso, foram preparados 40 litros de calda, dividida em 5 lotes de 7,5 litros no alambique, obtendo-se 5 destilados com 450, 470, 565, 300 e 430ml. Determinou-se o grau alcoólico, acidez total, teor furfural e teor de cobre dos destilados realizados na escola e em Cabo Verde. Os valores obtidos do grau alcoólico, acidez total e furfural encontramse dentro dos limites estabelecidos pela lei brasileira, com exceção para o furfural que apresentou um resultado positivo nas amostras dos destilados feitos em Cabo Verde, correspondente a 28,57%. Os valores de acidez total variaram entre 9,38 a 136,87 mg/100 ml (álcool anidrido). O cobre foi determinado através da técnica de espectroscopia de absorção atómica com câmara grafite. As amostras analisadas apresentaram valores de cobre que variaram de 0,406 a 7,380 mgL-1. Das amostras analisadas 71,43% estavam dentro do limite e 28,57 % apresentaram teores de cobre acima do permitido pela legislação. Relativamente à padronização das 5 amostras feitas na escola, demonstrou-se que a estrutura de dados apenas se evidenciou validada para os atributos oleosidade e aroma (p = 0.000 e p = 0.037, respetivamente). Comparando as amostras feitas na escola com as duas de Cabo Verde, mostrou-se que à cor franca (P <0,000) e aceitável (P <0,013), limpidez (P <0,000) brilhante e transparente (P <0,001), as variáveis independentes não exercem influências na variável dependente segundo o modelo proposto.

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PEDRO, Edilson da Silva. Estratégias para a organização da pesquisa em cana-de-açúcar: uma análise de governança em sistemas de inovação. 2008. 226f. Tese (Doutorado em Política Científica e Tecnológica) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, 2008.

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PEDRO, Edilson da Silva. Estratégias para a organização da pesquisa em cana-de-açúcar: uma análise de governança em sistemas de inovação. 2008. 226f. Tese (Doutorado em Política Científica e Tecnológica) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, 2008.

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In this work, we used sugarcane as a model due to its importance for sugar and ethanol production. Unlike the current plant models, sugarcane presents a complex genetics and an enormous allelic variation. Here, we report the analysis of SAGE libraries produced using the shoot apical meristem from contrasted genotypes by flowering induction (non-flowering vs. early-flowering varieties) grown under São Paulo state conditions. The expression pattern was analyzed using samples from São Paulo (SP) and Rio Grande do Norte (RN) states. These results showed that cDNAs identified by SAGE libraries had differential expression only in São Paulo state samples. Furthermore, the cDNA identified CYP (Citocrome P450) was chosen for in silico and genome characterization because it was found in SAGE libraries and subtractive libraries from samples from RN. Phylogenetic trees showed the relationship for these sequences. Furthermore, the qRT-PCR for CYP showed a potential role as flowering indutor for RN samples considering different isophorms. Considering the results present here, it can be consider that CYP gene may be used as molecular marker

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Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is a plant from Poaceae family that has an impressive ability to accumulate sucrose in the stalk, making it a significant component of the economy of many countries. About 100 countries produce sugarcane in an area of 22 million hectares worldwide. For this reason, many studies have been done using sugarcane as a plant model in order to improve production. A change in gravity may be one kind of abiotic stress, since it generates rapid responses after stimulation. In this work we decided to investigate the possible morphophysiological, biochemical and molecular changes resulting from microgravity. Here, we present the contributions of an experiment where sugarcane plants were submitted to microgravity flight using a vehicle VSB-30, a sounding rocket developed by Aeronautics and Space Institute teams, in cooperation with the German Space Agency. Sugarcane plants with 10 days older were submitted to a period of six minutes of microgravity using the VSB-30 rocket. The morphophysiological analyses of roots and leaves showed that plants submitted to the flight showed changes in the conduction tissues, irregular pattern of arrangement of vascular bundles and thickening of the cell walls, among other anatomical changes that indicate that the morphology of the plants was substantially influenced by gravitational stimulation, besides the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, an important signaling molecule in stress conditions. We carried out RNA extraction and sequencing using Illumina platform. Plants subjected to microgravity also showed changes in enzyme activity. It was observed an increased in superoxide dismutase activity in leaves and a decreased in its activity in roots as well as for ascorbate peroxidase activity. Thus, it was concluded that the changes in gravity were perceived by plants, and that microgravity environment triggered changes associated with a reactive oxygen specie signaling process. This work has helped the understanding of how the gravity affects the structural organization of the plants, by comparing the anatomy of plants subjected to microgravity and plants grown in 1g gravity

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The genome of all organisms constantly suffers the influence of mutagenic factors from endogenous and/or exogenous origin, which may result in damage for the genome. In order to keep the genome integrity there are different DNA repair pathway to detect and correct these lesions. In relation to the plants as being sessile organisms, they are exposed to this damage frequently. The Base Excision DNA Repair (BER) is responsible to detect and repair oxidative lesions. Previous work in sugarcane identified two sequences that were homologous to Arabidopsis thaliana: ScARP1 ScARP3. These two sequences were homologous to AP endonuclease from BER pathway. Then, the aim of this work was to characterize these two sequence using different approaches: phylogenetic analysis, in silico protein organelle localization and by Nicotiana tabacum transgenic plants with overexpression cassette. The in silico data obtained showed a duplication of this sequence in sugarcane and Poaceae probably by a WGD event. Furthermore, in silico analysis showed a new localization in nuclei for ScARP1 protein. The data obtained with transgenic plants showed a change in development and morphology. Transgenic plants had slow development when compared to plants not transformed. Then, these results allowed us to understand better the potential role of this sequence in sugarcane and in plants in general. More work is important to be done in order to confirm the protein localization and protein characterization for ScARP1 and ScARP3