Financial and Criminal Responsibility for Public Funds – Protection of the Constitutional Fundamental Social Law of Health

Abstract: The implementation of Fundamental Constitutional Health and Social Rights is necessary, appropriate and proportionate, following the demands of the population. Accountability and self-responsibility play a very important role. This requires the development of constitutional principles that protect public funds against corruption and offer a constitutional right to health protection. Financial and criminal liability might provide an incentive to improve the management of public funds and reinforce fundamental constitutional principles, particularly regarding the right to health. Constitutional, administrative and criminal issues, as well as public management and administration and the science of good governance, should be articulated in a single strategy also in the health sector. In Portugal and Brazil, as examples, the Federal Court / Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court / High Court of Justice or the Court of Auditors should be considered together.

Étude philosophique du renversement juridique canadien concernant l’aide médicale à mourir, à la lumière du débat Hart-Dworkin

Le 6 février 2015, la Cour suprême du Canada a rendu un jugement historique, unanime et anonyme. Dans l’arrêt Carter c. Canada (Procureur général), la Cour reconnaît que l’interdiction mur à mur de l’aide médicale à mourir porte atteinte aux droits constitutionnels de certaines personnes. En effet, les adultes capables devraient pouvoir demander l’aide d’un médecin pour mettre fin à leur vie s’ils respectent deux critères : consentir clairement et de façon éclairée à quitter ce monde et être affecté de problèmes de santé graves et irrémédiables leur causant des souffrances persistantes et intolérables. Or, cette décision constitue un renversement juridique, car un jugement inverse avait été rendu en 1993. En effet, vingt-deux ans auparavant, la Cour suprême avait jugé à cinq contre quatre que l’interdiction du suicide assisté était constitutionnelle. Dans l’arrêt Rodriguez c. Colombie-Britannique, la majorité avait statué que la protection du caractère sacré de la vie dans toute circonstance, tant pour les personnes vulnérables que pour les adultes capables, était une raison suffisante pour ne pas accorder de dérogation aux articles du Code criminel qui concernent le suicide assisté. Les juges majoritaires craignent alors que toute ouverture à l’aide au suicide entraine un élargissement progressif des critères d’admissibilité, ce que plusieurs appellent l’argument du « doigt dans l’engrenage ». Dans le cadre de ce mémoire, le renversement juridique Rodriguez-Carter sera analysé à la lumière du débat entre H. L. A. Hart et Ronald Dworkin. Alors que le premier défend une nouvelle version du positivisme modéré, le second offre une théorie nouvelle et innovatrice, nommée l’interprétativisme. L’objectif est simple : déterminer laquelle de ces deux théories explique le mieux le renversement juridique canadien concernant l’aide médicale à mourir. L’hypothèse initiale soutient que les deux théories pourront expliquer ledit renversement, mais que l’une le fera mieux que l’autre.

Kontent i Pravo v. Masterhost Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation, Judgment of 23 December 2008, Nr. 10962/08 Translation and Comment

This Judgment by the Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation can be considered as a landmark ruling for Internet Service Provider’s (ISP) liability. The Court stipulates for the first time concise principles under which circumstances an ISP shall be exempt from liability for transmitting copyright infringing content. But due to the legislation on ISP liability in the Russian Federation it depends on the type of information which rules of liability apply to ISP. As far as a violation of intellectual property rights is claimed, the principles given now by the Supreme Arbitration Court are applicable, which basically follow the liability limitations of the so called EU E-Commerce Directive. But, furthermore, preventive measures that are provided in service provider contracts to suppress a violation through the use of services should be taken into account as well. On the other hand, as far as other information is concerned the limitations of the respective Information Law might be applicable which stipulates different liability requirements. This article gives a translation of the Supreme Arbitration Court’s decision as well as a comment on its key rulings with respect to the legal framework and on possible consequences for practice.

Reports of cases argued and determined in the Supreme Judicial Court of New-Hampshire.

Vols. for 1855-59 reported by G.G. Fogg; 1859-63 by W.E. Chandler; 1863-69 by A. Hadley; 1869-74 by J. M. Shirley.

Harry A. Levinson, 9527 Brighton Way, Beverly Hills, California, plaintiff, v. Arthur E. Summerfield, individually and as Postmaster General of the United States, Washington D.C., defendent : points and authorities in support of mottion for preliminary injunction, in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia.

Mode of access: Internet.

The laws of the commonwealth of Massachusetts relating to marriage and divorce, embraced in the Public statutes, (enacted Nov. 19, 1881; to take effect Feb. 1, 1882;) : with a full digest of the decisions of the Supreme judicial court in divorce causes under laws heretofore in force and codified in these statutes, supplemented by copious extracts from the opinions of the court in important cases, together with notes, comments, and forms of pleading.

Includes index.

Report of a trial : Miles Farmer, versus Dr. David Humphreys, Storer, commenced in the Court of common pleas, April term, 1830, from which it was appealed to the Supreme judicial court, and by consent of parties, referred to referees, relative to the transactions between Miss Eliza Dolph and George Washington Adams /

Action for libel.

Maine reports; cases argued and determined in the Supreme Judicial Court of Maine

Imprint varies

Massachusetts reports : cases argued and determined in the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts.

Some vols. reissued with different imprints.

Trial of John R. Buzzell : before the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts for arson and burglary in the Ursuline Convent at Charlestown.

Mode of access: Internet.

Review of a report to the House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, on the case of William Vans. With observations upon the dispensing power of the Legislature, and upon a decision of the Supreme Judicial Court, "nullifying" the said power.

"Postscript by William Vans": p. [13]-15 at end.

The town officer's guide, containing a compilation of the general laws of Massachusetts, relating to the whole power and duty of towns, districts, and parishes, with their several officers; with a digest of the decisions in the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, relating to the several subjects.

Mode of access: Internet.

Trial of the case of the Commonwealth versus David Lee Child, for publishing in the Massachusetts Journal a libel on the Honorable John Keyes : before the Supreme Judicial Court, holden at Cambridge, in the County of Middlesex /

"October term, 1828."

Case of the slave-child, Med : report of the arguments of counsel, and of the opinion of the court, in the case of Commonwealth vs. Aves; tried and determined in the Supreme judicial court of Massachusetts.

Med's case.--Arguments of counsel; Benjamin R. Curtis. esq., for the respondent, Ellis Gray Loring, esq., for the petitioner, Hon. Rufus Choate, for the petitioner, Charles P. Curtis, esq., for the respondent.--Opinion of the court.

Defence of the third article of the Massachusetts Declaration of rights / as delivered by Chief Justice Parsons, as the opinion of the Supreme Judicial Court, in the case of Barnes vs. Falmouth ...

Sabin