Tecnologías asistivas para el desempeño independiente de los niños con discapacidad motora en escuelas de educación especial.

Ante la necesidad de la comunidad de la Escuela de Educación Especial Martinez Allio orientada a la educación especial de niños con discapacidad psicomotora, ubicada en la Ciudad de Córdoba, el presente proyecto aborda el análisis, diseño, y ejecución de prototipos de elementos de soporte técnico para niños con discapacidad psicomotora, que permitan desempeñarse con independencia en la vida cotidiana y dentro del ámbito de la Escuela. Esto posibilitaría facilitar la independencia motora de los niños dentro del ámbito de la Escuela, y mejorar las metodológicas de docentes dedicados a la Educación Especial, además de institucionalizar experiencias que permitan promover, desde la propia formación académica, acciones interdisciplinarias e interinstitucionales que favorezcan la modificación progresiva de la comunidad, y la orientación de los alumnos para facilitar la formación del perfil profesional esperado. CONTRIBUCIÓN DEL PROYECTO A LA ACCESIBILIDAD: El abordaje de esta problemática dentro del contexto señalado anteriormente busca: -Mejorar la calidad de vida de los niños con discapacidad psicomotriz -Facilitar el trabajo de los docentes al momento de mejorar las condiciones motoras -Desarrollar propuestas concretas de tecnología asistiva para facilitar la independencia motriz de los niños y personas con discapacidad psicomotriz.

Quality of Life on Arterial Hypertension: Validity of Known Groups of MINICHAL

Introductions: In the care of hypertension, it is important that health professionals possess available tools that allow evaluating the impairment of the health-related quality of life, according to the severity of hypertension and the risk for cardiovascular events. Among the instruments developed for the assessment of health-related quality of life, there is the Mini-Cuestionario of Calidad de Vida en la Hipertensión Arterial (MINICHAL) recently adapted to the Brazilian culture. Objective: To estimate the validity of known groups of the Brazilian version of the MINICHAL regarding the classification of risk for cardiovascular events, symptoms, severity of dyspnea and target-organ damage. Methods: Data of 200 hypertensive outpatients concerning sociodemographic and clinical information and health-related quality of life were gathered by consulting the medical charts and the application of the Brazilian version of MINICHAL. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare health-related quality of life in relation to symptoms and target-organ damage. The Kruskal-Wallis test and ANOVA with ranks transformation were used to compare health-related quality of life in relation to the classification of risk for cardiovascular events and intensity of dyspnea, respectively. Results: The MINICHAL was able to discriminate health-related quality of life in relation to symptoms and kidney damage, but did not discriminate health-related quality of life in relation to the classification of risk for cardiovascular events. Conclusion: The Brazilian version of the MINICHAL is a questionnaire capable of discriminating differences on the health‑related quality of life regarding dyspnea, chest pain, palpitation, lipothymy, cephalea and renal damage.

Economía y cultura de la accesibilidad: demanda de viviendas sin barreras en 13 ciudades españolas

El estudio se plantea conocer cuáles son los mecanismos de relación entre los habitantes de un conjunto de ciudades españolas y la accesibilidad en su entorno más íntimo: el del propio hogar. Para ello ha querido analizar el conocimiento y la necesidad percibida de eliminación de barreras en todo tipo de hogares, las condiciones bajo las cuales esa necesidad se transforma en demanda y qué elementos influyen para que la accesibilidad sea un atributo discernible de calidad de vida en la vivienda. Si bien es obvio que estos elementos no pueden ser abarcados plenamente por este estudio ni reducidos al ámbito de un solo enfoque, hemos querido dar una visión amplia y para ello hemos utilizado metodologías diversas que raras veces se utilizan conjuntamente, buscando la complementariedad y también el contraste. Por ello en el trabajo, aún partiendo desde la economía, se han incorporado otros enfoques: la perspectiva de la antropología social e incluso de la psicología ambiental, con el fin de comprender mejor la forma de vivir la vivienda, el lugar que ocupa la accesibilidad entre las preferencias de los hogares, y cuáles son sus particularidades locales.

Impacto de la fatiga en la percepción de salud en la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal.

La salud de los pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) está afectada por la fatiga, que condiciona una baja calidad de vida. Este estudio administró cuestionarios de calidad de vida y fatiga a 110 pacientes con EII, cuantificando fatiga y correlacionándola con la actividad, se determinó la afectación de la calidad de vida. Los resultados mostraron relación inversa entre fatiga y actividad de EII, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas según brote o remisión de la enfermedad. Las correlaciones entre actividad y fatiga con calidad de vida, fueron negativas. En conclusión, a mayor actividad, mayor fatiga que conlleva peor calidad de vida.

Estudio comparativo entre cirugía vs escleroterapia como métodos aplicativos de la estrategia CHIVA para el tratamiento de la insuficiencia venosa crónica de las extremidades inferiores

Estudi que té una cohort de 67 pacients intervinguts de varius entre 2009 i 2010 a l'Hospital de Sant Pau. S'exclouen varius amb insuficiència valvular de vena safena interna. Són intervinguts seguint l'estratègia CHIVA (Cura Hemodinàmica Insuficiència Venosa Ambulatòria) amb cirurgia o esclerosis amb escuma de polidocanol. No es troben diferències per complicacions rellevants, però l'esclerosi té una major taxa de complicacions lleus, principalment pigmentació. El control ecogràfic mostra igualtat d'efectivitat en ambdós tractaments. Hi ha una millora en els índexs de qualitat de vida, més gran per als intervinguts amb Cirurgia.

Evaluación de los factores epidemiológicos como predictores de los resultados postquirúrgicos en patología lumbar degenerativa

Els resultats del tractament quirúrgic per dolor lumbar crònic i patologia degenerativa lumbar, patologies d'elevada prevalença i despesa sanitària, estan afectats per múltiples factors. En aquest treball hem estudiat com les característiques epidemiològiques dels pacients de la nostra població influeixen sobre el canvi de la qualitat de vida, la discapacitat i el dolor després de cirurgies per patologia lumbar degenerativa. Del nostre estudi, d'acord amb la revisió realitzada de la literatura, destaquem que el sexe femení, l'augment edat i la discapacitat laboral permanent són predictors dels resultats postoperatoris de la qualitat de vida i la discapacitat.

La participación social como método de conservación. Estudio de caso en el área de conservación arenal Huetar norte de Costa Rica

El presente estudio se realiza con la intención de contribuir a establecer las bases para una buena gestión del territorio en el Área de conservación arenal Huetar norte de Costa Rica mediante la participación social; garantizando la conservación del capital natural y el desarrollo económico, social y ambientalmente sostenible. Para ello, se ha colaborado en la formación del Consejo Local del Corredor Biológico Ruta Los Malécu-Medio Queso (CL CBRLM-MQ) y del Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Caño Negro (RNVSCN), formado por una coalición social que tendrá el objetivo de gestionar su propio territorio. Con la intención de capacitar a los integrantes de este consejo, y a los pobladores de la Zona Norte de Costa Rica en general, y orientarlos hacia la buena gestión de los recursos naturales, se ha realizado un análisis detallado sobre su percepción sobre los Servicios Ecosistémicos de la región. El resultado de este proyecto, es un manual de educación y comunicación ambiental sobre los servicios ecosistémicos de la Zona Norte para el educador/a. Con este manual se pretende capacitar a los pobladores sobre el valor de los SE, todo con la finalidad de promover cambios de actitudes y de conductas que fomenten una relación respetuosa con la naturaleza para alcanzar el desarrollo sostenible de la región y de esta manera mejorar la calidad de vida de los habitantes de esta zona.

Biofeedback : retroalimentación electroencefalográfica : estudio de la efectividad de la adopción de patrones neuronales por entrenamiento para paliar el dolor

S’ha demostrat que la pràctica d'estats de relaxació profunda redueix el dolor i incrementa el benestar i la qualitat de vida. Els estats de relaxació profunda i meditació estan al seu torn associats a patrons electroencefalogràfics (EEG) característics. En el present projecte proposem un procediment pal·liatiu del dolor basat en l 'entrenament autodidàctic per aconseguir aquests estats de relaxació. Per a això es proposa retro-alimentar al subjecte un senyal auditiu reflex de la seva activitat EEG que l'ajudi a modificar voluntàriament la seva activitat cerebral, la qual cosa li permet aproximar-la progressivament al patró EEG corresponent al de relaxació profunda desitjat. S’ha dissenyat un protocol d'entrenament d'estats mentals de relaxació i meditació (entre altres) i implementat un programa que processa el senyal EEG i genera un senyal auditiu reflex de l'activitat cerebral de l'individu. També registra les lectures EEG del progrés de l'individu, genera les gràfiques corresponents i genera dades estadístiques per a futur anàlisi.

El treball amb alumnat TEA : el treball de les habilitats socials i les emocions

En el marc d'una escola inclusiva, es busca promoure l'aprenentatge de tots els alumnes. L'alumnat amb Trastorn de l'Espectre Autista (TEA) forma part de la diversitat que ha d'atendre el professorat, un alumnat que presenta dificultats d'interacció social i de comprensió dels estats mentals dels altres, aspectes que influeixen en la seva qualitat de vida. D'aquesta manera, es presenta una intervenció que busca afavorir el desenvolupament de les capacitats relacionals, comunicatives i simbòliques dels alumnes TEA. La intervenció té en compte l'enfocament interactiu i contextual del procés de valoració proposat per Ángel Rivière (2001), la Teoria de la Ment desenvolupada per Baron-Cohen, Leslie i Firth el 1985 i el programa DIR o Floortime d'Stanley Greenspan. A més, s'han elaborat una sèrie de materials i activitats per a l'ensenyament de la comprensió de les emocions i de les habilitats socials, basades en les aportacions de Howling, Baron-Cohen i Hadwin (2006) i les historietes socials de Gray.

Factors associated with improvement in disability-adjusted life years in patients with HIV/AIDS

Background The epidemic of HIV/AIDS and treatments that have emerged to alleviate, have brought about a shift in the burden of disease from death to quality of life/disability. The aim was to determine which factors are associated with improvements in the level of health of male and female patients with HIV/AIDS in Andalusia, in terms of disability-adjusted life years. Methods Descriptive study based on a sample group of 8800 people on the Andalusian AIDS register between 1983 and 2004. Dependent variables: Life lost due to premature mortality (YLL), years lost due to disability (YLD) and disability-adjusted life years (DALY). Independent variables: vital state, sex, age at the time of diagnosis, age at the time of death, transmission category, province of residence, AIDS-indicator disease and the period of diagnosis. A bivariate analysis was carried out to find out if the health level variables changed in accordance with the independent variables. Using the independent variables which had a statistically significant link with the level of health variables, a multivariate linear regression model, disaggregated by gender, was constructed. Results Amongst the women, we found a model which explained the level of health of 64.9%: a link was found between a higher level of health (lower DALYs) and not intravenous drug use, the province of residence, being diagnosed during the HAART era and older age at the time of diagnosis. Amongst the men, we found a model which explained the level of health of 64.4%: a link was found between a higher level of health (lower DALYs) and intravenous drug use, the province of residence, being diagnosed during the HAART era and older age at the time of diagnosis. Conclusion A higher level of health (lower DALY) amongst both men and women was found to be linked to not be intravenous drug user, the province of residence, being diagnosed during the HAART era and older age at the time of diagnosis.

Does bariatric surgery improve the patient's quality of life?

Objective: The aim of this investigation was to assess the effect of malabsorptive bariatric surgery (BS) on the quality of life (QoL), applying the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) and the bariatric analysis and reporting outcome system (BAROS). Design: A prospective cohort study was performed in 100 adult patients (> 18 years) undergoing bariatric surgery by malabsorptive technique for one year. Research methods and procedures: Patients were monitored from the beginning of the BS program until a year after the intervention, applying the NHP and the BAROS test. At baseline, the mean weight of the women was 132 ± 22 kg and the Body Mass Index (BMI) was 50.7 kg/m2. Results: The values obtained from different areas applying the NHP questionnaire showed statistical significant differences (p < 0.001) with respect to baseline values. According to the BAROS test, 48% of patients lost 25-49% of weight excess and 80.8% had resolved major comorbidities at 1 yr. According to the Moorehead-Ardelt QoL score, there were major improvements in employment and self-esteem in 89% and 87% of patients, respectively, and improvements in physical activity, sexual and social relationships. According to the total mean BAROS score, the outcome was considered “very good”. Conclusion: NHP and BAROS questionnaires appear to be useful and easily applicable tools to assess the QoL of obese patients.

Psychometric characteristics of the Spanish version of instruments to measure neck pain disability

BACKGROUND. The NDI, COM and NPQ are evaluation instruments for disability due to NP. There was no Spanish version of NDI or COM for which psychometric characteristics were known. The objectives of this study were to translate and culturally adapt the Spanish version of the Neck Disability Index Questionnaire (NDI), and the Core Outcome Measure (COM), to validate its use in Spanish speaking patients with non-specific neck pain (NP), and to compare their psychometric characteristics with those of the Spanish version of the Northwick Pain Questionnaire (NPQ). METHODS. Translation/re-translation of the English versions of the NDI and the COM was done blindly and independently by a multidisciplinary team. The study was done in 9 primary care Centers and 12 specialty services from 9 regions in Spain, with 221 acute, subacute and chronic patients who visited their physician for NP: 54 in the pilot phase and 167 in the validation phase. Neck pain (VAS), referred pain (VAS), disability (NDI, COM and NPQ), catastrophizing (CSQ) and quality of life (SF-12) were measured on their first visit and 14 days later. Patients' self-assessment was used as the external criterion for pain and disability. In the pilot phase, patients' understanding of each item in the NDI and COM was assessed, and on day 1 test-retest reliability was estimated by giving a second NDI and COM in which the name of the questionnaires and the order of the items had been changed. RESULTS. Comprehensibility of NDI and COM were good. Minutes needed to fill out the questionnaires [median, (P25, P75)]: NDI. 4 (2.2, 10.0), COM: 2.1 (1.0, 4.9). Reliability: [ICC, (95%CI)]: NDI: 0.88 (0.80, 0.93). COM: 0.85 (0.75,0.91). Sensitivity to change: Effect size for patients having worsened, not changed and improved between days 1 and 15, according to the external criterion for disability: NDI: -0.24, 0.15, 0.66; NPQ: -0.14, 0.06, 0.67; COM: 0.05, 0.19, 0.92. Validity: Results of NDI, NPQ and COM were consistent with the external criterion for disability, whereas only those from NDI were consistent with the one for pain. Correlations with VAS, CSQ and SF-12 were similar for NDI and NPQ (absolute values between 0.36 and 0.50 on day 1, between 0.38 and 0.70 on day 15), and slightly lower for COM (between 0.36 and 0.48 on day 1, and between 0.33 and 0.61 on day 15). Correlation between NDI and NPQ: r = 0.84 on day 1, r = 0.91 on day 15. Correlation between COM and NPQ: r = 0.63 on day 1, r = 0.71 on day 15. CONCLUSION. Although most psychometric characteristics of NDI, NPQ and COM are similar, those from the latter one are worse and its use may lead to patients' evolution seeming more positive than it actually is. NDI seems to be the best instrument for measuring NP-related disability, since its results are the most consistent with patient's assessment of their own clinical status and evolution. It takes two more minutes to answer the NDI than to answer the COM, but it can be reliably filled out by the patient without assistance. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials Register NCT00349544.

Validation and clinical use of the CECA, a disease-specific quality of life questionnaire for patients with anogenital Condylomata Acuminata

The aim of this validation study was to assess the measurement properties of the CECA (Spanish acronym for the Specific Questionnaire for Condylomata Acuminata) in patients with anogenital condylomas. A total of 247 patients aged > 18 years completed the questionnaire on 2 occasions as well as the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). The CECA questionnaire showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha values of 0.86 and 0.91 in the emotional and sexual activity dimensions) and good testretest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.76 emotional dimension, 0.82 sexual activity dimension). Patients with de novo lesions and those with more extensive lesions and larger number of warts showed poorer health-related quality of life. CECA and DLQI scores correlated moderately. Patients whose lesions cleared at follow-up or with a reduction of >or= 50% showed a better improvement of health-related quality of life. The CECA questionnaire is a valid, reliable and sensitive tool for the assessment of health-related quality of life in patients with anogenital warts.

Changes in health related quality of life 3 months after an acute coronary syndrome

BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to identify the changes in Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL) 3 months after discharge from hospital, in patients who have had an acute coronary episode, and to determine the clinical and sociodemographic variables that explain those changes. METHODS HRQL was assessed in 132 patients while they were admitted to the hospital and at 3 months after discharge, using the SF-36 health questionnaire. To identify the variables associated with the change, multiple linear regression models were constructed for two summary dimensions of the SF-36 (PCS and MCS) taking the change in the score of the dimension as dependent variable. RESULTS There were no significant differences between the patients who completed the monitoring (n = 76) and those who were dropped out. After three months, a significant decrease was observed in the dimensions of physical functioning, general health, vitality, and Physical Summary Component (PCS). The variables revascularisation, age, and the interaction between previous history of coronary heart disease (CHD) and the presence of one or more risk factors explained 16.6% of the decrease in the PCS. The decrease in the PCS was 6.4 points less in the patients who had undergone revascularisation, 0.2 points less for each year of age, and 4.7 points less in the patients who had antecedents of the illness as well as one or more risk factors. CONCLUSION The dimensions most affected at three months after an acute coronary episode were those related to the physical component. Undergoing revascularisation improved the PCS in patients, but in the younger patients and those without personal antecedents or risk factors, the PCS was affected more, perhaps due to greater expectations for recovery in these patients.

An Open-Label, Noncomparative, Multicenter Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of NASHA/Dx Gel as a Bulking Agent for the Treatment of Fecal Incontinence

Fecal incontinence (FI) is the involuntary loss of rectal contents through the anal canal. Reports of its prevalence vary from 1-21%. Studies, have demonstrated a positive effect on FI symptoms with injectable bulking agents. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of NASHA/Dx gel in the treatment of FI. One hundred fifteen eligible patients suffering from FI received 4 injections of 1 mL NASHA/Dx gel. Primary efficacy was based on data from 86 patients that completed the study. This study demonstrated a ≥50% reduction from baseline in the number of FI episodes in 57.1% of patients at 6 months, and 64.0% at 12 months. Significant improvements (P < .001) were also noted in total number of both solid and loose FI episodes, FI free days, CCFIS, and FIQL scores in all 4 domains. The majority of the treatment related AEs (94.9%) were mild or moderate intensity, and (98.7%) of AEs resolved spontaneously, or following treatment, without sequelae. Results of this study indicate NASHA/Dx gel was efficacious in the treatment of FI. Treatment effect was significant both in reduction of number of FI episodes and disease specific quality of life at 6 months and lasted up to 12 months after treatment.