Estudo da inflexão da Serra do Garrote e sua influência na zona de falha de Vazante (MG)

The Vazante Fault Zone (VFZ), located northwestward of Minas Gerais, host the largest zinc deposit known in the Brazilian territory. This structure is hosted in Vazante’s Group rocks, a metassedimentary sequence of marine environment. Near Vazante is situated the south end of the VFZ. To the west, occur the Serra do Garrote inflexion, characterized by a curvature in the contact of Formations Serra do Garrote and Serra do Poço Verde. This structure is through the analysis of aerial imagery of the region and represented in the published geological maps. The objective of this work is to understand what causes this inflexion and determine whether it affects the VZF, causing a shift in the same, and possibly, in the mineralization as well. To this end, it was done a mapping work in the region covering the Serra do Garrote inflexion and the south end of the VFZ, in 1:25.000 scale, supplemented by petrographic description of thin section and geologic sections, with cooperated to the understanding of the structural evolution of the region. Data analysis allowed the identification of six deformation phases. The D1 an D2 phases generated the main foliation. The D3 phase generate kink bands folds, with NS axis and vertical axial plane. The fourth phase is responsible for generating the Vazante Fault Zone. The fifth phase produces low angle folds and shear zones, subparallel to S1//S2. The last phase generates folds with NW axis and vertical axial plane, with causes the inflection of lithologic contactas. Field observations also make possible the conclusion that the Vazante Fault Zone presents a south continuation, which is affected by deformation associated to D6 phase attributing to the trace of the VFZ a curved geometry, similar to that exhibited by lithologic contacts between units of the map

Mapeamento geológico-geontécnico de trecho da estrada vicinal na Serra de Itaqueri, Charqueada (SP)

Geological-geotechnical problems affecting escarps as well as embankment and fill slopes of roads and motorways may generate different types of unsteadiness, which are mainly arisen from the deficient knowledge about the physical environment. This results in unsuitable engineering projects and inadequate executions, which can be worsened by an occasional inappropriate maintenance of the construction. A geologically-geotechnically characterization of escarps and slopes is crucial in order to prevent these problems. This work deals with a geological-geotechnical study of 1:10.000 scale mapping in a stretch of a local road (CHQ-40) at the Serra de Itaqueri, Charqueada town, State of São Paulo. The stretch is known by several physical problems as erosion and mass movement. The methods of study were based on an integrative analysis of the diverse elements of the physical environment by using aerial photographs - to obtain the physiographic compartmentalization of terrain units - as well as field work - to accomplish the evaluation of the units by employing sketch lists. To achieve this, we selected several techniques in order to identify and classify different types of existing problems as erosion, landslide in embankments and fill slopes, rockfall, block rolling, among others. We also included the analysis of soil horizon, thickness and composition. The geological-geotechnical mapping resulted in six units: 1- Sandstones in cuesta’s backhill; 2 – Basalts in cuesta’s front; 3- Sandstones in cuesta’s front; 4 – Talus and colluvial deposits at cuesta’s foothill; 5- Sandstones of the Piramboia Formation in hillside; and 6 – Colluvial soil in the hill top. A characterization of the geological-geotechnical units is detailed, coupled to the cartographic material. Other cartographic products elaborated for this study included 1:10.000 maps of hypsometry, slope and curvature

Aplicações do fluxo de Ricci à teoria da relatividade geral: estudo dos buracos negros

The flow of Ricci is an analytical tool, and a similar equation for heat geometry, a diffusive process which acts on a variety of metrics Riemannian and thus can be used in mathematics to understand the topology of varieties and also in the study geometric theories. Thus, the Ricci curvature plays an important role in the General Theory of Relativity, characterized as a geometric theory, which is the dominant term in the Einstein field equations. The present work has as main objectives to develop and apply Ricci flow techniques to general relativity, in this case, a three-dimensional asymptotically flat Riemannian metric as a set of initial data for Einstein equations and establish relations and comparisons between them.

Transformações de Bäcklund para hierarquias integráveis abelianas

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Geomorfometria da região de Fartura (SP)

Pós-graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente - IGCE

Deformación del área de corte de las limas endodónticas sometidas a diferentes métodos de precurvatura

Objetive: Evaluate the deformations caused in the cutting edges in the K-file #25 (LK), subjected to pre-beinding of the apcial third using the following methods: finder-bending, cotton-pliers bendin and Flexobend, observed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Material and methods: Forty-eight LK#25 were divides into 4 groups (n=12); G1, control; G2, finger-bending; G3, cotton-plier bending, G4, Flexobend. The curvature was standardized in the apical segment of the file at 2 mm of D!. Was constructed a model of acrylic resin that correspond to a canal of 20º of curvature. The files were examined under SEM (260X). Data were analyzed using Fisher´s statistical test with a significance level of 5%. Results: The images showed no alterations in the LK, similar to G3, with no statistical difference. G3 and G4 were statistically different form the other groups (p<0.05). Conclusions: the finger-bending method to curve apical third of LK #25 did not alter the cutting edges, the cotton-pliers bending and Flexobend did alter the cutting edges of the files (AU)

Hygroscopic properties of solid agro-industrial by-products used in solid-state fermentation

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Contact properties of surfaces in r-3 with corank 1 singularities

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

On soft limits of large-scale structure correlation functions

We study soft limits of correlation functions for the density and velocity fields in the theory of structure formation. First, we re-derive the (resummed) consistency conditions at unequal times using the eikonal approximation. These are solely based on symmetry arguments and are therefore universal. Then, we explore the existence of equal-time relations in the soft limit which, on the other hand, depend on the interplay between soft and hard modes. We scrutinize two approaches in the literature: the time-flow formalism, and a background method where the soft mode is absorbed into a locally curved cosmology. The latter has been recently used to set up (angular averaged) 'equal-time consistency relations'. We explicitly demonstrate that the time-flow relations and 'equal-time consistency conditions'are only fulfilled at the linear level, and fail at next-to-leading order for an Einstein de-Sitter universe. While applied to the velocities both proposals break down beyond leading order, we find that the 'equal-time consistency conditions'quantitatively approximates the perturbative results for the density contrast. Thus, we generalize the background method to properly incorporate the effect of curvature in the density and velocity fluctuations on short scales, and discuss the reasons behind this discrepancy. We conclude with a few comments on practical implementations and future directions.

Bridging hydraulic diffusivity from aquifer to particle-size scale: a study on loess sediments from southwest Hungary

In situ megascale hydraulic diffusivities (D) of a confined loess aquifer were estimated at various scales (10 <= L <= 1500 m) by a finite difference model, and laboratory microscale diffusivities of a loess sample by empirical formulas. A scatter plot reveals that D fits to a single power function of L, providing that microscale diffusivities are assigned to L = 1 m and that differences in diffusivity observed between micro- and megascales are assigned to medium heterogeneity appraised by variations in the curvature and slope of natural hydraulic head waves propagating through the aquifer. Subsequently, a general power relationship between D and L is defined where the base and exponent terms stand for the aquifer storage capability under a confined regime of flow, for the microscale hydraulic conductivity and specific yield of loess, and for the changes in curvature and slope of hydraulic head waves relative to values defined at unit scale.[GRAPHICS]Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz

Inverted critical adsorption of polyelectrolytes in confinement

What are the fundamental laws for the adsorption of charged polymers onto oppositely charged surfaces, for convex, planar, and concave geometries? This question is at the heart of surface coating applications, various complex formation phenomena, as well as in the context of cellular and viral biophysics. It has been a long-standing challenge in theoretical polymer physics; for realistic systems the quantitative understanding is however often achievable only by computer simulations. In this study, we present the findings of such extensive Monte-Carlo in silico experiments for polymer-surface adsorption in confined domains. We study the inverted critical adsorption of finite-length polyelectrolytes in three fundamental geometries: planar slit, cylindrical pore, and spherical cavity. The scaling relations extracted from simulations for the critical surface charge density sigma(c)-defining the adsorption-desorption transition-are in excellent agreement with our analytical calculations based on the ground-state analysis of the Edwards equation. In particular, we confirm the magnitude and scaling of sigma(c) for the concave interfaces versus the Debye screening length 1/kappa and the extent of confinement a for these three interfaces for small kappa a values. For large kappa a the critical adsorption condition approaches the known planar limit. The transition between the two regimes takes place when the radius of surface curvature or half of the slit thickness a is of the order of 1/kappa. We also rationalize how sigma(c)(kappa) dependence gets modified for semi-flexible versus flexible chains under external confinement. We examine the implications of the chain length for critical adsorption-the effect often hard to tackle theoretically-putting an emphasis on polymers inside attractive spherical cavities. The applications of our findings to some biological systems are discussed, for instance the adsorption of nucleic acids onto the inner surfaces of cylindrical and spherical viral capsids.

Lensometry by two-laser holography with photorefractive Bi12TiO20

Refractive and profilometric measurements of lenses were performed through holography with a photorefractive Bi12TiO20 crystal as the recording medium. Two properly aligned diode lasers emitting in the red region were employed as light sources. Both lasers were tuned in order to provide millimetric and sub-millimetric synthetic wavelengths. The surfaces of the test lens were covered by a 25-μm opaque plastic tape in order to allow the lens profilometry upon illuminating them with a collimated beam. The resulting holographic images appear covered by interference fringes corresponding to the wavefront geometry of the wave scattered by the lens. For refractive index measurement a diffusely scattering flat surface was positioned behind the uncovered lens which was also illuminated by a plane wave. The resulting contour interferogram describes the form of the wavefront after the beam traveled back and forth through the lens. The fringe quantitative evaluation was carried out through the four-stepping technique and the resulting phase map and the Branch-cut method was employed for phase unwrapping. The only non-optical procedure for lens characterization was the thickness measurement, made by a dial caliper. Exact ray tracing calculation was performed in order to establish a relation between the output wavefront geometry and the lens parameters like radii of curvature, thickness and refractive index. By quantitatively comparing the theoretical wavefront geometry with the experimental results relative uncertainties bellow 3% for refractive index and 1 % for focal length were obtained. © 2008 American Institute of Physics.

Exercise tolerance can be enhanced through a change in work rate within the severe intensity domain: work above critical power is not constant

The characterization of the hyperbolic power-time (P-tlim) relationship using a two-parameter model implies that exercise tolerance above the asymptote (Critical Power; CP), i.e. within the severe intensity domain, is determined by the curvature (W') of the relationship. The purposes of this study were (1) to test whether the amount of work above CP (W>CP) remains constant for varied work rate experiments of high volatility change and (2) to ascertain whether W' determines exercise tolerance within the severe intensity domain. Following estimation of CP (208 ± 19 W) and W' (21.4 ± 4.2 kJ), 14 male participants (age: 26 ± 3; peak [Formula: see text]: 3708 ± 389 ml.min-1) performed two experimental trials where the work rate was initially set to exhaust 70% of W' in 3 ('THREE') or 10 minutes ('TEN') before being subsequently dropped to CP plus 10 W. W>CP for TEN (104 ± 22% W') and W' were not significantly different (P>0.05) but lower than W>CP for THREE (119 ± 17% W', P<0.05). For both THREE (r = 0.71, P<0.01) and TEN (r = 0.64, P<0.01), a significant bivariate correlation was found between W' and tlim. W>CP and tlim can be greater than predicted by the P-tlim relationship when a decrement in the work rate of high-volatility is applied. Exercise tolerance can be enhanced through a change in work rate within the severe intensity domain. W>CP is not constant.

Areas hidrologicamente homogêneas como subsídio ao manejo de bacias hidrográficas

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Irrigação e Drenagem) - FCA

Combinação de técnicas para tratamento cirúrgico de fratura do complexo zigomático-maxilar: relato de caso

The zygomatic-maxillary complex due to its projection framed as one of the areas hardest hit by injuries, as well as the nasal bones. Component important in this context, the zygomatic arch fracture is under the direct action of forces due to its structure fragile, resulting in loss of normal convex curvature. Therefore, it is aimed to report a clinical case of male patient, who had leucoderma zygomatic bone fracture using access transcutaneous and intra-oral fracture reduction body of zygoma and zygomatic arch. In addition to evidence combination of closed and open techniques for solving the case. The technique provided the patient excellent cosmetic and functional results.